When did the Hakkas move south to which dynasty?

According to historical records, the first time Hakkas moved south was in the Qin Shihuang era. After Qin Shihuang unified China in 22 1 BC, out of political and military needs, he sent 600,000 troops to "explore the south". South of Qin Jun, it enters Ling Jie (namely Jieyang Mountain, now north of Jieyang County 150) from the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and reaches the border of Xingning and Haifeng counties. In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang sent another 500,000 troops to "defend South Wuling" (now Guangdong and Guangxi). These soldiers have long been "guarding the five ridges and living in miscellaneous places." After Qin's death, two groups of Qin soldiers who went south stayed in the local area and became the earliest Hakkas.

The second large-scale southward migration was in the period of "Yongjia difficulty" at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and "Five Chaos" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, in order to take refuge, some Central Plains residents moved to the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Later, due to the confrontation between the north and the south, about 960,000 people from the Central Plains moved south to both sides of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Part of the population flows into Gannan, and part of it enters Fujian and Guangdong through Ningdu and Shicheng.

The third large-scale southward migration was during the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. First, the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty brought great disasters to the people, forcing a large number of Han people in the Central Plains to move south. During the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, a large number of Han people from the Central Plains went south to Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. For example, the imperial clan Li Meng moved from Chang 'an to Bianliang, and then moved to Shibi Township, Ninghua, Fujian. In response to the Huang Chao Uprising, Gushi people Wang Xu and Wang Chao led 5,000 peasant rebels from Guangzhou and Shouzhou to Jiangxi, resulting in a sharp increase in the population along the border between Fujian and Jiangxi.

The fourth large-scale southward migration was the southward crossing at the end of Song Dynasty. The Jin people invaded the Central Plains and attacked Bianjing (Tokyo, now Kaifeng, Henan). When Jian Yan went south, some officials and scholars moved to Taihu Lake Basin. Others crossed Dayuling south and entered Nanxiong, Shixing and Shaozhou. Or along Hong, Ji and Qianzhou, and then from Qianzhou to Tingzhou; Or stay in counties in southern Jiangxi. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Army went south in a big way, and a large number of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Song people fled from Putian to Chaoshan, Guangdong Province, and fled to Hainan Island.

The fifth southward migration was in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Because of the large population and limited land, the Hakkas living in southern Jiangxi, eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong migrated to Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Taiwan Province, central Guangdong and western Guangdong. This large-scale migration is called "Westward Movement" in the history of Hakka immigrants. The Hakka dialect in Sichuan is basically derived from this "westward movement". At that time, the population of Sichuan decreased sharply due to wars, plagues and natural disasters, and the Qing government especially encouraged immigrants to fill Sichuan from Huguang.

The sixth southward migration was during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the middle of19th century. At that time, in order to escape the war, some Hakkas migrated to South Asia, and some were lured into indentured labor and taken to Malaysia, the United States, Panama, Brazil and other places.

In addition to the above six large-scale relocations to the south, some Han people in the Central Plains also moved to the south due to droughts and floods, and some settled in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi because of relegation, business and study tours by officials in previous dynasties. However, not all the Han people who moved south became Hakkas, and only people from Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi departments and their own departments were called Hakkas.