The problem of colleges (schools) going to study oriented graduate students ~

In choosing the way of continuing study and charging fees, academic qualifications and degree education are widely sought after by people because of their strong teacher background, systematic learning system, good communication platform and authoritative national certificate. Especially those who graduate from undergraduate courses, many people expect to continue their studies and get a master's degree. However, many people are confused about the way to choose further education. They don't know what full-time master students are like, what is the way of on-the-job learning, and why some courses only have degrees and no academic qualifications.

In fact, simply speaking, there is only one way to obtain a master's degree and a degree certificate recognized by the state at the same time, that is, to conduct full-time study in colleges and universities through the national unified examination every June 5438+ 10; There are three ways to get a master's degree certificate, including taking the national postgraduate entrance examination, the unified examination for graduate students with equivalent academic qualifications and the professional degree examination.

(a) the national postgraduate entrance examination:

Generally speaking, when it comes to postgraduate examinations, people think of the national postgraduate entrance examination most easily, which is held by the state from June 5438- 10 every year. Postgraduate exams generally require candidates to have a college degree or above. After passing the exam, you can study full-time, complete the credits and pass the thesis defense, and then you can get the nationally recognized academic certificate and master's degree certificate.

The national postgraduate entrance examination is also the most concerned and competitive way to obtain a master's degree. With the deepening demand of knowledge structure and the pressure of talent competition, the number of graduate students applying for the exam has increased year after year. Although the number of graduate students has been expanding, it still cannot meet the huge demand for registration. The data shows that in 2005, the number of people who took the postgraduate examination reached1170,000, while the number of students enrolled was only 320,000, with an average ratio of 3.7: 1, and the admission ratio of some popular majors even reached 70: 1, which made people look askance at the high entrance threshold.

(two) professional master's degree education:

Different from the national postgraduate education, which focuses on theory and academic research ability, on-the-job personnel applying for master's degree is a way to cultivate innovative and applied talents who integrate theory with practice.

At present, there are 15 professional master's degrees in China, namely MBA, MPA, J.M., MPACC, MPH, MPH, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA, MPA.

Registration conditions:

The biggest feature of professional degree enrollment requirements is that applicants are required to have a certain number of years of work experience, generally requiring undergraduate graduation, and some majors also require bachelor's degrees. Most professional degrees require on-the-job personnel to apply for the exam with the consent of the unit or the corresponding management department, and some need to be recommended by the unit.

Examination method:

Professional master's examination includes written examination and interview. The written test is generally held on June 5438+ 10 every year, which is called the "National Joint Examination for On-the-job Personnel Studying for Master's Degree" or "Joint Examination" for short. The registration time is usually from July to August every year, and the scores of many professional degrees are determined by the admissions unit. According to different majors, the subjects of the joint entrance examination are also different, and the enrollment unit will also test the professional skills and professional knowledge. The interview content is divided into two types: professional course interview and political theory interview.

In addition to the joint entrance examination, among the masters of engineering, in order to encourage the development of the software industry, 35 demonstration software colleges approved by the Ministry of Education can independently propose and recruit masters of software engineering. Master of Software Engineering in many universities enrolls students twice a year in spring and autumn.

In particular, the professional degrees of MBA, LLM, Master of Medicine and Master of Architecture are divided into two types: the joint entrance examination in June 65438 and the unified examination in June 65438 10. The exams in June 5438+ 10 were mainly aimed at working people, and most of the exams in June 5438+ 10 were fresh graduates.

Obtain certificate:

Professional degree education only grants degree certificates, not academic certificates. The degree certificate obtained has the same effect as the degree certificate obtained by taking the national unified examination in June+10, 5438, and you can continue to study for a doctorate. Only students who took the national postgraduate entrance examination organized by June+10 in 5438 have two certificates: diploma and degree certificate.

(3) Postgraduate examination with equivalent academic qualifications:

The unified examination of graduate students' equivalent academic ability is what we often call Shen Shuo. This is also the shallowest and most misunderstood way to get a master's degree. Many people don't even understand the concept of on-the-job Shen Shuo at all, and some people simply think that "it's boring to take this exam." As an important part of China's continuing education, on-the-job personnel applying for master's degree with the same academic ability have not received due attention, and even been neglected by candidates. Because of this, some people in the industry call it a "neglected treasure".

In this way, China Renmin University's Shanghai in-service postgraduate teaching center commented that the equivalent postgraduate entrance examination is currently one of the most suitable ways for on-the-job personnel to pursue further studies in China.

The original intention of graduate students with the same academic level is to recognize those whose academic level or professional and technical level has reached the same level as the graduate students applying for the degree outside the existing channels for awarding graduate degrees. On-the-job Shen Shuo provides opportunities for professionals to improve their self-knowledge structure and broaden their horizons. Compared with postgraduate entrance examination and going abroad, the opportunity cost is greatly reduced.

Starting from 1999, graduate students with the same academic ability began to take the national unified foreign language proficiency and comprehensive subject level examination, and the examination time was May every year.

Over-reliance on academic qualifications has become a choice concern:

Although it is more practical and convenient, many people still have doubts about the same academic ability when choosing continuing education. Part of it comes from the misinterpretation of academic qualifications. It is considered that only the degree certificate is not as valuable and secure as the double certificate, which has hindered the development of the Shen Shuo examination with the same academic ability and turned the annual 1 postgraduate entrance examination into a single-plank bridge. The data shows that in 2005, the number of applicants for master's degree exceeded 165438+ 10,000, while the number of applicants for Shen Shuo with the same academic qualifications was less than 30,000.

The so-called academic qualification is the recognition of a student's education in a certain period of time, which only represents the learning experience, only proves the time and process of a person's learning, and cannot prove his academic theory level and research level, nor can it represent his learning ability. A degree is the recognition of one's academic research ability, the recognition that one's knowledge has reached a certain level, and represents the learning level and level. Teacher Yu said: For the education below the university level, the existence of academic qualifications is meaningful, but for the higher-level master's education that pays attention to academic research ability, the degree itself is more convincing than the academic qualifications, and the value of the degree exceeds the academic qualifications.

From the perspective of market recognition, for people working in government agencies, institutions or state-owned enterprises, dual certificates have more competitive advantages than certificates. But there is little difference between foreign-funded enterprises and private enterprises. The key is personal ability and professional background, and the master's degree certificate only plays a stepping stone. Whether a master's degree certificate without a graduate diploma is convincing.

However, judging from the development trend of foreign education, more and more employers and candidates are bound to pay more and more attention to the degree certificate representing the individual ability level, and dilute the role played by the degree certificate. Judging from the foreign education system, most countries use degree certificates instead of graduation certificates. Degree certificates obtained by on-the-job personnel, students studying abroad, immigrants and domestic examinations are all recognized by the state.

Due to historical reasons, there has always been blind attention and worship to academic education in China, which has actually reversed the importance of the two certificates. In the early 1990s, the number of students who were able to receive university education was very small, so the society often regarded whether they had a university degree as an important criterion when measuring the talent ability. But now there are more and more students with higher education experience, and society no longer has to worry about the difference in education level of talents. When employing people, many enterprises have also begun to change their concepts, no longer paying too much attention to job seekers' academic qualifications, but paying more attention to their practical ability.

In addition, the education above the master's degree is very different from the undergraduate course, and its educational form is more free and practical, so the master's degree abroad is only a degree without a diploma. A person's ability to complete master's education shows that his personal quality has reached a certain level, and his academic research ability has become the key to the problem, so the degree certificate has become more important.

From another point of view, there is no substantial difference in value and use between the master's degree certificate and the master's degree obtained by full-time graduate students: if candidates want to continue their doctoral studies, there is no difference between them according to relevant national policies; If students want to take the national public office, there is no difference between the two; If candidates want to go abroad for further study, it is enough to have a degree certificate, because foreign universities do not have a degree certificate, so students will naturally not be required to provide such proof when reviewing.

What is a postgraduate course?

Many people don't know what kind of concept the postgraduate course is and what kind of relationship it has with Shen Shuo with the same academic ability. In this regard, we can understand that the postgraduate training course is the main bridge to take the postgraduate examination with the same academic qualifications and obtain the master's degree with the same academic qualifications. It is an educational form that takes the main courses of graduate students in a certain major as the teaching content and systematically trains on-the-job personnel with basic theory, professional knowledge and ability with undergraduate education or equivalent academic ability. It is not the academic level, nor is it linked to the academic qualifications and degrees of graduate education. Courses are provided by each unit according to their own professional settings. From the perspective of curriculum and teachers, there is no difference between Shen Shuo with the same academic ability and the national master's degree education. All schools will discuss and formulate according to the corresponding professional master training plan and considering the characteristics of on-the-job education. The determined courses cover the subjects of applying for master's comprehensive examination with the same academic level, which is beneficial for students to take the national unified examination for applying for master's degree with the same academic level after completing all postgraduate courses; From the perspective of teaching methods and training direction, Shen Shuo, with the same academic level, pays more attention to the combination of theory and practice to create applied senior talents. On the one hand, on-the-job personnel can systematically study postgraduate courses and obtain master's degrees; On the other hand, because students are elites with several years of experience, they can learn from each other and expand their network, which is similar to the role of MBA. Postgraduate courses usually end in one and a half years. After the completion of the course, a certificate of completion will be issued, indicating that the graduate students have reached the same academic level.

The premise of applying for the same academic ability is to have the same academic ability and ability. Self-study and summary based on practice can easily lead to unsystematic course learning and blind spots, and the theoretical foundation is relatively weak. The pass rate of taking the unified examination is not high. It is for this reason that the school held a postgraduate training class to provide students with knowledge collation, introduce the latest research results, and provide targeted counseling for the test center to reach the required academic and technical level.

At present, there are many postgraduate courses in society. When registering, readers must ask clearly whether they want to take the national unified examination of foreign language level and comprehensive level of subjects for postgraduates with the same academic level. Some postgraduate courses are not designed to help on-the-job employees apply for master's degree, but only to improve students' ability and level.

Concerns about the "gold content" of graduate courses;

For a long time, Chinese students have received entrance examination education, and they are used to measuring the "gold content" of an education form by whether there is an entrance examination or not and the degree of difficulty. Therefore, I am skeptical about the on-the-job postgraduate refresher courses that I can attend without taking the joint entrance examination. But in fact, the teacher background and teaching quality of education are the key to measure the success of an educational form. In addition, the absence of a joint entrance exam does not mean that there is no exam or no threshold. To apply for a degree, you also need to take the examinations of our school and the national unified examination.

However, the postgraduate courses of in-service Shen Shuo are all universities with corresponding qualifications and strong teachers, and the teaching methods provided are the same as those of full-time postgraduate students. At the same time, being able to pass the national unified equivalent examination also shows the gold content of on-the-job Shen Shuo education.

Lack of full-time study time is also one of the factors that many people prefer to take the postgraduate entrance examination as a value-added way. They may consider that this schedule can't guarantee the quality of study. However, on-the-job students have their own characteristics. They generally have many years of work experience and have a deep understanding of practical problems. So for them, they can really integrate theory with practice in their posts and save a lot of time.

Why do on-the-job graduate students with the same academic level only have a degree certificate and no diploma?

Postgraduate education is divided into academic education and non-academic education. Non-academic education is the responsibility of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee Office. After graduation, students only have academic certificates but no academic certificates. Postgraduate enrollment in the Department of College Students of the Ministry of Education belongs to academic education, that is, students have both academic degrees and academic certificates after studying and taking exams and passing thesis defense. Those who obtain a bachelor's degree certificate must first obtain a bachelor's degree certificate, while those who obtain a master's degree or a doctorate certificate may not be able to obtain a master's degree or a doctorate certificate.

What is the equivalent academic ability of graduate students?

After graduating from undergraduate course, you can make your professional knowledge structure and level and degree thesis reach the level of graduate graduation through various learning channels, which is the so-called graduate graduation equivalent.

What is equivalent to applying for a master's degree?

According to the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Academic Degrees, people with the same academic qualifications as graduate students can apply to the degree-granting unit in accordance with the requirements and methods of the Regulations of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee on Granting Master's and Doctor's Degrees to People with the same academic qualifications as graduate students. Granting master's degrees to people with the same academic qualifications is a channel opened up by the state for people with the same academic qualifications to obtain degrees. This can play a positive role in improving the professional quality of on-the-job personnel and the construction of cadres. Applicants who have passed all the examinations organized by the degree-conferring units and the state, and defended their dissertations, and reached the academic level of the master's degree after examination, can obtain the master's degree.

Five conditions for applying for equivalent academic qualifications:

Generally speaking, Shen Shuo with the same academic level generally needs to meet five conditions:

■ The applicant has more than 3 years working experience after obtaining a bachelor's degree.

■ Passed the qualification examination of the degree-granting unit.

■ Ordinary schools will arrange 14- 18 courses through the course examination organized by the degree-granting unit, and each course will complete the credits and pass the examination. (that is, the course examination of the seminar). Registration time for postgraduate courses: generally, you can register all year round, and the specific time varies from school to school.

■ It is crucial for people with the same academic level to apply for a master's degree and pass the national unified examination of foreign language level and comprehensive level of disciplines. The annual pass rate of the national unified examination is only 30%. Organized by the state once a year, the examination time is the last Sunday of May every year. Take a foreign language test in the morning and a comprehensive test in the afternoon. The passing score of each course examination is 60 points; Registration and examination time: generally in March, the examination time is at the end of May. The applicant must pass all the course examinations of the degree-granting unit and the grade examinations organized by the state within 4 years from the date of passing the qualification examination. Otherwise, the application is invalid.

■ The thesis is completed within one year after passing all the exams, and the thesis defense fails. This application is invalid. However, if the thesis defense committee suggests that the thesis be revised and then re-defended, it can be re-defended once within six months to one year. If the defense is still not passed or the applicant fails to apply within the time limit, the application is invalid. In addition, academic papers should be published in nationally numbered magazines. This article is still mandatory in most colleges and universities, but from the perspective of future development, the requirement for applicants to publish academic articles tends to be gradually cancelled.

There is no difference between the master's degree obtained by applying for the same degree of postgraduate and the degree obtained by postgraduate. However, according to the regulations, graduate students who apply for the same academic qualifications as graduate students need to number their degree certificates separately.

Three ways of competition:

From the perspective of courses and teachers, it is no different from the graduate students who took the 1 exam; From the teaching method and direction, Shen Shuo, who has the same academic level, pays more attention to the combination of theory and practice, which meets the actual needs of on-the-job masters. Judging from the acquisition of certificates, the postgraduate entrance examination held in June+10, 5438 was a double certificate, while Shen Shuo with the same academic ability only took a degree certificate, which was a certificate. From the time arrangement, the graduate students who took the exam in 5438+ 10 are basically full-time teachers, while Shen Shuo, who has the same academic level, has more flexible teaching time and is suitable for on-the-job people. Although from the total study time, the number of hours of applying for a master's degree with the same academic level has decreased, but students themselves have considerable practical experience, which will not affect the quality of study.

Judging from the application conditions, Shen Shuo with the same academic qualifications requires a bachelor's degree in addition to certain work experience, while the professional master requires the applicant to have a bachelor's degree. Not all professional master's degrees have an inevitable requirement for a bachelor's degree, that is, there is no hard and fast rule on the degree. Moreover, there are some professional master's degrees, and 10% places are given to outstanding college graduates who have worked for a certain number of years. Secondly, the application of equivalent academic ability involves various majors and has a wide range. At present, the national professional master's examination only involves a dozen majors. Judging from the training objects, the Shen Shuo and professional master's examinations with the same academic ability are aimed at on-the-job employees who have certain work experience and want to continue their studies. They are all part of continuing education, and the mode of education is also biased towards part-time education.

Another: separate examination:

The number of people who can apply for this kind of examination is very small, because the number of enrollment institutions approved by the Ministry of Education for separate examinations is limited, the number of students enrolled in each school is also very small, and the conditions and requirements for applying for the examination are also very strict.

Application conditions and requirements: the applicant must graduate from undergraduate course and have worked continuously in this major or similar major for 4 years. Recommended by our unit and two experts with senior professional and technical positions, we can take a separate examination. Candidates who take separate examinations are generally limited to the on-the-job personnel who are recommended by the employer for directional training or entrusted training, and return to their original units after graduation.

Examination method: This examination method adopts the way of independent proposition and independent marking by the enrollment unit.

Certificate: those who graduate and pass the thesis defense can get the master's degree certificate and master's degree certificate issued by the state.

Tips for choosing major and school:

According to the major, when an applicant chooses a school, he should not simply look at whether the school is a famous school, but rather at the major you choose and whether the school is the strongest in the country.

In addition, the choice of major is best related to the work you are engaged in. Because the requirements of on-the-job graduate students for thesis writing are different from those of students in the national unified examination of 5438+ 10, candidates are required to combine with their own work and can solve practical problems in their work. In order to facilitate the smooth progress of the thesis in the future, it is suggested that the applicant choose a major related to work so that work and study can complement each other.

About Chinese and foreign postgraduate courses;

Applicants must check whether foreign universities have been recognized by the Ministry of Education when registering. At present, there are some Sino-foreign cooperative postgraduate education programs in the market, and many foreign universities are third-rate and fourth-rate schools, which are not recognized by the Ministry of Education. Therefore, when foreign masters encounter practical problems such as doctoral study or promotion of professional titles, the unit does not recognize them.