The Life Story of the Ancient Poet Zhang Jiuling

Lead: Zhang Jiuling (678-740), a naturalist, died for literature. Han nationality, born in Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong) in the Tang Dynasty, was named "Zhang Qujiang" or "Wen Gugong". During the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, he was a famous poet. The following is a story about his life, welcome to read:

Early experience

There are few bureaucratic talents.

Zhang Jiuling, Zi Zishou, is a naturalist. A native of Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong). Tang Yifeng was born into an official family in 678, which has been handed down from generation to generation. Great-grandfather Zhang used to drive in Shaozhou; Grandfather Zhang Ziqian joined the army as a document in Douzhou (now Xinyi County, Guangdong Province); His father, Zhang Hongyu, was the county magistrate of Solo County in Xinzhou (now south of Xinxing County, Guangdong Province).

Zhang Jiuling was smart and agile when he was young, and he was good at writing articles. I know literature at the age of 9, and I can write a good article at the age of 13. At that time, he begged with letters, Guangzhou secretariat of the king. Wang Fangqing praised him very much and said, "This man is bound to make a difference." Wang's admiration has a positive effect on encouraging him to set up great ambitions.

Make a name for yourself and appoint people on their merits.

In his youth, Zhang Jiuling was brilliant, studious and good at writing poems. In the second year of Chang 'an (702), Wu Zetian became a scholar and was appreciated by Kao Gong and Shen Lang Quan Qi. Be awarded the position of school librarian. In the third year of Chang 'an, Prime Minister Zhang said that Wu Zetian's favorite was offended by his rude remarks and was exiled to Lingnan. After Shaozhou, he had to read Zhang Jiuling's article, praising his article as "light practice" and "timely", and fell in love at first sight. Zhang said that he was a learned man, a leader of literati at that time, and an important minister who made many achievements in the DPRK. His encouragement is a great encouragement to Zhang Jiuling, who has just embarked on the road of life.

In the third year of Shenlong (707), Zhang Jiuling went to Beijing to test the official department, and was awarded the title of secretary of provincial proofreader by Bunker Deng Di. In the summer of four years of Shenlong, he was appointed to Lingnan and saved his family. He worked as a secretary for several years, but he couldn't be transferred and had the idea of returning to China. Just as Prince Li Longji was different, he quoted the words of world literary scholars and asked questions himself. At the age of nine, he took an examination of Mou Yilu, with excellent countermeasures and was promoted to the right. Li Longji acceded to the throne as Xuanzong and Zhang Jiuling was appointed as Zuo Shiyi. However, the contradiction between Zhang Jiuling and Prime Minister Yao Chong is getting bigger and bigger. Yao Chong was a highly valued minister in the Tang Xuanzong, who was in charge of military power. In the second year of Tang Xuanzong's coming to power, Zhang Jiuling wrote to Yao Chong, reminding him that "far stuffing is impetuous, but fine and thick". Yao Chongfu wrote a letter to the Kingdom of Ghana, saying that in selecting officials and employing people, he got rid of the disadvantages of the past, insisted on meritocracy, and rectified official management.

In the first year of his birth (7 12), 12, Xuanzong was awarded a bachelor of arts in the East Palace, and Zhang Jiuling was among the best, and he was awarded a left supplement; He wrote a letter to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, advocating attaching importance to the selection of local officials and correcting the atmosphere of emphasizing the inside over the outside; The selection of officials should be based on ability rather than seniority.

Kaidayuling

However, views are not always consistent. Three years later, in the autumn of the fourth year of Kaiyuan (7 16), Zhang Jiuling was dissatisfied with Yao Chong's "sealing the seal and telling the truth, killing if you don't agree". In the autumn of this year, he resigned from the official position. Zhang Jiuling returned to Lingnan and lived there for more than a year. He is not fooling around, but wants to do something practical for his hometown. As soon as I got home, I petitioned the court to open Dayuling Road. Zhang Jiuling walked through the only way in and out of Lingnan, and was deeply touched by the "extremely bitter" view of Meiyuling. During the Kaiyuan period, after nearly a hundred years of chastity, the Tang Dynasty vigorously managed and prospered the society. With the benefits of the coast, Lingnan has made great progress in overseas trade and transportation, and Guangzhou has also become a big commercial port city at home and abroad. In this case, it is very urgent to excavate the ancient Meiguan Road and improve the north-south traffic. Zhang Jiuling's suggestion was approved by the imperial court, so he appointed himself as the leader, used the slack season to collect civilian workers and started the excavation project. Zhang Jiuling personally visited the site, climbed roads, covered bushes, and took pains to direct the construction. After the completion of the ancient road, the total length is more than ten kilometers, the road width is nearly 17 meters, and pine trees are planted on both sides of the road. After the completion of the road, Zhang Jiuling wrote "Preface to Digging Dayuling Road", describing that after the excavation of Dayuling, it is a profound risk for public and private trafficking to "turn to no complaints". As a result, those who have ears and breasts, such as Zhu Chenhao, have interesting nights, such as Beijing. " Due to the completion of the Meiguan Ancient Road, the traffic between north and south has been greatly improved. The Meiling ancient road became the main channel connecting the north and south traffic, which was later called the "ancient Beijing-Guangzhou line", which not only made great contributions to the north-south traffic in the Tang Dynasty, but also benefited future generations. In the Song Dynasty, a large number of immigrants went south, and Dayuling Road was the quickest and most convenient way for them. Zhang Jiuling stayed at home for a long time, and became close friends with Wang Luzhen, the county magistrate of Qujiang, and Wang Sima, Shaozhou. In the summer and autumn of the fifth year of Kaiyuan (7 17), I came to Guangzhou with Wang Liuzhen and wrote the poem "Seeing Guangzhou Jinting with Wang Liuzhen".

The way to be an official

Return to a tortuous career

In the spring of the sixth year of Kaiyuan (7 18), Zhang Jiuling was called to Beijing. After returning to Beijing, Sima Wang was sent to Dayu Mountain. After arriving in Beijing, due to the meritorious service in repairing Daguangling Road, I worshipped the left to fill the vacancy, and presided over the selection of talents by the official department. Zhang Jiuling's talent and ability are gradually known to everyone. He and Zhao Dongxi, the right gleaner, were ordered to take part in the evaluation four times in the official examination, so that they could serve people fairly. [5] In the seventh year of Kaiyuan, he was appointed as Yuanwailang of the Ministry of Rites, and in the eighth year of Kaiyuan, he was promoted to Yuanwailang of Sixun.

In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Zhang became the prime minister. Zhang said that he had high hopes for Zhang Jiuling. Seeing that his literary talent is really outstanding and he shares the same surname with himself, he discussed the generation with him and praised Zhang Jiuling as "the first poet in the world". Thanks to Zhang's appreciation and promotion, Zhang Jiuling was promoted to be enshrined by the Chinese Book Sheren. Zhang Jiuling didn't echo Zhang's voice because of his close relationship with Zhang. He persuaded Zhang to take decisive action, which showed his fairness and foresight. Xuanzong went to Mount Tai in Dongyue to participate in Zen, and he received a senior reward after meditation. Therefore, Zhang Jiuling reminded Zhang that when choosing his entourage, he should pay attention to choosing clean and high-quality products to avoid criticism. However, Zhang said that many officials who chose to climb the mountain were low-ranking and relatives, which really caused complaints. Zhang said that Cheng Yuwenrong's performance in the imperial examination was appreciated by Xuanzong, but was suppressed and ignored. Zhang Jiuling reminded him that "everything must be prepared", but Zhang said that he didn't take it to heart.

In the tenth year of Kaiyuan, he was promoted to Si Xun's Foreign Minister for many times. At that time, Zhang was appointed as the secretariat. With the same surname as Zhang Jiuling, they became clan brothers (by age). Zhang is very close to him and highly valued. Zhang Jiuling was glad to know himself, so he followed him.

In the 11th year of Kaiyuan (723), he was an official in Ren Zhongshu, Zhang Jiuling.

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan, the emperor traveled eastward to worship the world. Zhang said that officials who personally decided to participate in the emperor's mountaineering recommended clerks and books from the two provinces and their close officials as mountaineering agents, so they were specially promoted and awarded five official positions. When Zhang ordered Zhang Jiuling to draft the imperial edict, Zhang Jiuling said to Zhang, "Official titles are utensils used by the world, and people with high moral reputation should be ranked first, while veteran ministers with credit should be ranked last. If the order is reversed, there will be accusations and criticisms. Now, it is a once-in-a-lifetime event to climb mountains, collect Zen and give alms widely. People with fame and morality can't benefit, but small officials who handle paperwork in the government are first promoted to knights. (1) I'm just worried that people all over the world will be disappointed after the system is launched. Now draft, things can still be changed. I just hope that you will study and plan this matter well and don't leave any regrets. " Zhang Yue said, "This matter is settled. What is there to worry about absurd and unfounded comments? " I didn't listen at last. When this system was introduced, people inside and outside the imperial court criticized Zhang a lot. At that time, Yuwen Rong and Cheng were just in charge of the taxation of Tando in the suggestion. Every time he told the emperor Chen, he suggested that the emperor should not listen to him. Yuwen Rong was very dissatisfied. Zhang Jiuling advised Zhang Shuo to watch out for Yuwen Rong, but Zhang Shuo wouldn't listen. Not long after, Zhang said that he was impeached by Yuwen Rong, so he lost his official position of knowing politics, and Zhang Jiuling was changed to be too upright and too young. Soon, he moved the capital to Jizhou, acting as the secretariat. Later, he was awarded as the governor of Hongzhou (Nanchang) and soon transferred to the governor of Guizhou as the provincial judge of Lingnan.

In April of the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), Yuwen Rong and Li were impeached and dismissed from office. Zhang Jiuling was also implicated, and Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the Imperial Commander. In June, he was ordered to sacrifice Nanyue and Nanhai, and then returned to this province. Zhang Jiuling returned to Beijing in the autumn of that year, but he was still accused of being attached to Zhang Shuo, transferred to an official position, and made a secretariat of Jizhou. Zhang Jiuling demanded to be dismissed from office on the grounds that his mother refused to accept it. In March of the following year, he was appointed Governor of Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). During his tenure in Hongzhou, he wrote two poems "Autumn in the County", expressing his melancholy and homesickness. One of them is that the autumn wind enters the forest and the bleak trees sing. Lonely and wandering thoughts, sighing who knows. I am not famous, but I am old. The ancients were deeply flawed if they didn't smell it at fifty. I have been doing exterior decoration all my life, and I am straightforward. Didn't get the effect of cutting, suddenly returned to Leng Xia. Since ancient times, things have become natural, and their reputation has been ruined. Look at Cang Jiang Zhu and Bai Yun Ya. Lu first frost, Ze Caotuo. If Ranaire doesn't distinguish, it is safe to use fragrance.

In the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan (729), Zhang said that he was also worshipped by Xuanzong as the prime minister of Shangshu Zuo and a bachelor of Jixian Academy. In the eighteenth year of Kaiyuan, he could not afford to get sick and finally died. He repeatedly recommended Zhang Jiuling to be a bachelor in Jixian College.

In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the provincial judge of the secretariat of Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi) and the provincial judge of Lingnan Road, and was appointed as the ancient adviser. Go back to the province by the sidewalk and reunite with your family. In the spring of the 19th year of Kaiyuan, he came to Guangzhou by boat from Guilin.

I went to Beijing three times to advise the minister.

In March of the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1), Zhang Jiuling was called to Beijing to work as a secretary, supervisor and bachelor's assistant in Jixian College. He was ordered to write the paper on his behalf, without a draft, and was deeply relied on by Xuanzong. In his anthology, there are as many as 1 14 essays drafted on behalf of the emperor. He was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu twice. In February of the twentieth year of Kaiyuan, he served as assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry and held a bachelor's degree in Jixian College. In August, I learned the patent. At the age of 55, Zhang Jiuling knelt down for support many times. Xuanzong wanted to reuse him, but he refused. He just sealed his younger brothers Zhang Jiugao and Zhang Jiuzhang to their hometown nearby to take care of their mother. Zhang Jiugao's official position is the governor and ambassador of Guangzhou, and Zhang Jiuzhang's official position is the governor and ambassador of Lingnan, both of whom are government officials who rule Lingnan.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), in May, Zhang Jiuling was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu for proofreading, and in December, he was awarded the post of assistant minister of Zhongshu, studying national history. In charge of state affairs. He suggested reclaiming farmland in Henan and planting rice with water, so he served as rice field ambassador in Henan. At that time, john young Zhang Shoulian, our lieutenant, arrested Xi and Khitan because An Lushan failed in his crusade against them, and sent him to Beijing, demanding that he be executed according to the regulations of the imperial court. Zhang Jiuling told the emperor: "Zhang Shoulian's military orders must be carried out, and An Lushan cannot be exempted from capital punishment." The emperor pardoned him. Zhang Jiuling said:' An Lushan Wolf is ambitious and looks like a rebel. He asked the emperor to kill him according to his crimes, hoping to cut off the future trouble. The emperor said, "Don't harm honest and kind people by mistake because Wang Yifu knows the old case of Schleswig." So I sent An Lushan back to San Francisco.

At the age of nine, he was then secretary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and presented many exotic objects to celebrate his birthday. At the age of nine, he entered the five volumes of Jin Jing Lu, saying that in ancient times, he promoted the abolition and appreciated the differences. He also made friends with assistant minister Yan Tingzhi of Zhongshu, Zuo Chengyuan of Shangshu, Liang Shengqing, right bastard and Zhong Cheng. Very talented, it will never change when handled, so it was called at that time.

In May of the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Jixian College to study national history.

In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan, he was named Dr. Jin Guanglu and officially named Shixing County Bo (400 households in the food city). Li himself is unlearned, because Zhang Jiuling's character is appreciated by the emperor and he is very jealous of him. So I recommended Niu Xianke as an official ("in charge of politics"). Zhang Jiuling said no many times, and the emperor was unhappy. [ 1 1]

Confused by Li's slanderous remarks, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was transferred to the post of right prime minister of Shangshu at the age of nine in the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, and was dismissed from his post of knowing politics. Later, every time the prime minister recommended a minister, the emperor would definitely ask, "Can integrity, quality and measurement be like Zhang Jiuling?" According to the rules, the scholar-bureaucrat must tie the water board to his belt and then get on the horse. Zhang Jiuling was weak and often sent people to hold water boards, so (the imperial court) set up water bags. The establishment of water sac began in Zhang Jiuling. Shortly after the strike, Zhou Zi dared to impeach Niu Xianke because of his recommendation to supervise the censor, which angered Xuanzong and made him the governor of Beijing.

At that time, the Tang Dynasty was in its heyday, but there were various social crises hidden. In view of the social malpractice, Zhang Jiuling put forward the political way of "kingly way" instead of "overbearing", emphasizing protecting the people and educating people and opposing belligerence; Advocate saving punishment, thin levy and supporting agriculture and mulberry; Adhere to the innovation of official management, select talents and appoint people with both ability and political integrity as local officials. His policy eased social contradictions and played an important role in consolidating centralization and maintaining the "prosperous era of Kaiyuan", so he was praised by later generations as one of the "three outstanding figures in the Qing Dynasty".

When he was in charge of state affairs, he dared to speak and remonstrate, and repeatedly advised Xuanzong to be prepared for danger in times of peace and rectify the outline of the dynasty. When Wu Huifei, the favorite princess of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, wanted to abolish Prince Li Ying and set up his own son, the palace officials and slaves lobbied Jiu Ling, who made an emissary at Jiu Ling, and argued in time to quell the civil strife in the palace and stabilize the political situation. For An Lushan, Li, and other adulterers, Zhang Jiuling denounced them even more, trying to thwart their plots.

In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), An Lushan was appointed General Pinglu, but he was defeated in the crusade against Qidan. Zhang Shousheng asked the court to behead him. Before, An Lushan appeared in court in Beijing and met Zhang Jiuling, then prime minister. Zhang Jiuling knows people well and is observant. Seeing that An Lushan is a treacherous man, I conclude that something will happen to this man in the future. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister, said to Pei Guangting, the assistant minister, "Whoever disturbs Youzhou will be chaotic." This time, An Lushan violated the military law and was escorted to Beijing, asking him to make a court decision. Zhang Jiuling did not hesitate to give instructions at the recital, beheading An Lushan for serious military discipline, and said at the recital: "If you leave the army, you will kill Zhuang Jia; Sun Wu ordered the maids to be beheaded. If you follow the military orders, Lushan should not be spared from death. " I don't know the difference between China and Iraq After reading the approval, he said, "Does Qing think Lushan Mountain is difficult to control because Wang Yifu knows Xerox?" Without final approval, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty released An Lushan to show his gratitude. In the end, the Anshi Rebellion replayed the scene of Jiezu Shile resisting gold in the late Western Jin Dynasty.

On August 5th, the 24th year of Kaiyuan (Xuanzong's birthday), Zhang Jiuling presented the Golden Record of Qian Qiu as a gift, urging the emperor to make great efforts.

At the beginning, Zhang Jiuling served as prime minister and recommended Chang 'an Zhou as the army supervisor. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), the emperor personally questioned Zhou Zi about good or ill luck and ordered him to be killed in court. Zhang Jiuling was demoted to Jingzhou Secretariat for committing the crime of recommendation incompetence.

In the 27th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was named the founder of Shixing, with 500 food cities.

Qujiang died of illness.

In the spring of the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), he requested to go back to his hometown to worship his ancestors. He died of illness on May 7th at the age of 68. The emperor made him the governor of Jingzhou, and posthumous title was called Wengu.

Shortly after his death, An Lushan, who had been declared as a "rebellion" by him, really started an Anshi rebellion, which led to the rapid decline of the Tang Dynasty from its heyday. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Shu, he thought of Zhang Jiuling's brilliant ideas and deeply regretted them. He sent envoys to Qujiang to offer sacrifices to Zhang Jiuling and posthumously awarded him the title of Stuart.