What can Gaofen-1 satellite see: Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-2.

What can a high-scoring satellite see?

Wu

This is the Gobi Desert of different types and ages near Dunhuang City, Jiuquan, Gansu Province, photographed by Gaofen-1 satellite, with distinct layers. Fan flood is particularly obvious. The white area is saline-alkali land, and the position similar to "jellyfish" whiskers is an alluvial ditch formed by water flow.

Photo courtesy of National Defense Science and Technology Bureau

August 10, China Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, cz-4 successfully put Gaofen-3 satellite into the scheduled orbit. At this point, after Gaofen-1, Gaofen-2 and Gaofen-4 satellites, China's high-scoring project has added another capable person. Its successful launch makes the high-scoring system realize a more organic combination of high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution.

What is a high score event? What are the differences between these different types of high-scoring satellites, and what are their housekeeping skills? What changes have it brought to our lives?

Gaofen No.1 covers 800 kilometers at a glance, and Gaofen No.2 can tell whether the ground vehicle is a hatchback or a sedan.

The Gao Fen family where Gaofen-3 satellite is located, that is, the Gao Fen Special Project, refers to the high-resolution Earth observation system project, which is one of the major projects identified in the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) issued by the State Council, also known as the "Eye of the Sky" project.

Tong Xudong, director of the major special center of the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau and chief engineer of the high-scoring special project, said: "The goal of this project is to make China form all-weather, all-day and global coverage of land, atmosphere and ocean by 2020 by launching a series of high-resolution satellites."

In the field of artificial satellite, communication, navigation and remote sensing are the three main directions of satellite application. High-resolution satellites belong to remote sensing satellites and are "eyes" to help people observe the ground and the ocean from the sky. The well-known Beidou engineering series satellites belong to navigation satellites, which mainly emit radio signals continuously to accurately navigate and locate users on the ground, ocean, air and space.

At present, the high-scoring satellites that have been working in orbit are all good eyes and have their own unique skills.

Gaofen-1 satellite is the first satellite of Gao Fen special project, which has medium and high resolution and wide imaging capability. It has a wide field of vision, covering 800 kilometers at a glance and observing the earth completely in four days. Space researchers call it "large format imaging".

Gaofen-2 satellite has a sharp eye. It can see more clearly and carefully than Gaofen-1 satellite, and its spatial resolution is better than 1 meter. If the car on the earth is just a black spot in the eyes of Gaofen-1 satellite, then Gaofen-2 satellite can already tell whether the car is a hatchback or a sedan. The successful launch of Gaofen-2 satellite has brought the spatial resolution of China remote sensing satellite into "Ami era", which is of great significance to improve the self-sufficiency rate of earth observation data in China.

Gao Fen -4 is a maverick. Unlike Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-2 satellites, Gaofen-4 does not "run" around the earth in a low-earth orbit of 600 to 700 kilometers, but stands in a geosynchronous orbit of 36,000 kilometers from the ground, where it can stay and keep an eye on a certain target area.

The newly launched Gaofen-3 satellite is different from previous satellites. It is a remote sensing satellite with microwave radar imaging. Its biggest feature is that it can image the ground at any time, whether it is day or night, whether it is sunny or cloudy, especially suitable for disaster prevention and mitigation.

"After that, there will be high-scoring satellites No.5, No.6 and No.7 launched one after another. You can wait and see. " Tong Xudong said.

Flood monitoring and precision poverty alleviation ... High-scoring special series satellites are showing their talents in more and more industries.

From Tianshan Mountain to Yangtze River, from Beijing to Ningxia, high-scoring special series satellites are playing an important role in more and more regions and industries.

Affected by the El Ni? o phenomenon, extreme weather has occurred frequently in China this year, and the situation of flood control and waterlogging prevention is grim. Water conservancy experts pay attention to the changes of flood day and night, and high-resolution satellites have become an important tool for water conservancy experts to monitor floods.

"Flood control work is implemented at the point, and flood control planning is more macro. This is the advantage of high-scoring satellites. The biggest advantage of high scores is that you can see the situation in a large area more clearly and solve problems more fully. " Cai Yang, deputy director of the Water Information Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, said.

In Xinjiang, the work of grass workers has also changed because of the application of high-scoring satellites.

1993 graduated from Assia Manlik University and came to work in Grassland Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry. In 2003, Xinjiang began to implement the project of returning grazing to grassland to protect grassland degradation caused by overgrazing. Xia and her colleagues shoulder the heavy responsibility of monitoring grassland changes, and satellite image data has become an important monitoring means. However, at that time, there was no available satellite data in China, so the institute could only buy foreign data, and the resolution was not very high. In order to verify the data accurately, xia and her colleagues must ride horses to some areas for field verification. 20 13, Asya used high-scoring satellite data for the first time in its work. Better domestic satellite image data made xia and her colleagues bid farewell to the days of "Ten Rides in Tianshan Mountain".

"Using our own data not only saves time, but also saves research funds. I am really proud. " Xia said.

Through the application of high-resolution satellite data, Xinjiang has made remarkable achievements in wetland protection, oil field ecological security and water resources utilization. According to reports, recently, by using high-scoring satellite data, the relevant departments in Xinjiang have completed the monitoring of ecological environment changes such as cultivated land and water areas in the Ebinur Lake Basin in the past 30 years, the construction of Urumqi Industrial Park 10 years, and the monitoring of cultivated land expansion in Burqin County, Altay in the past 30 years, and written intelligence analysis reports such as "Ebinur Lake Wetland Shrinking Rapidly, Ecological Management is Urgent".

In Ningxia, high-scoring satellites are playing an important role in precision poverty alleviation. Guyuan area is a famous poverty-stricken area with harsh natural conditions, and migration has become an important means to get rid of poverty and become rich. Today, high-resolution satellites have played an important role in the relocation process.

Wu Jiamin, president of Ningxia Telemetry Institute, said: "With high marks, we can clearly see where there are spare farmland, where the water source conditions are good, and where is the suitable relocation site. In addition, through the application of high scores, we can also monitor the ecological restoration of the original site in real time. "

With the rapid application of high-scoring satellites, the self-sufficiency rate of satellite data in China has reached 80%, getting rid of dependence on foreign countries.

According to statistics, at present, Gaofen-1 satellite has distributed more than 4.2 million scenes, and Gaofen-2 satellite has distributed 1.4 million scenes. By the end of June, 2065438+2006, the 2m/8m data of Gaofen-1 satellite has effectively covered 9.48 million square kilometers in China and 82.55 million square kilometers in the world, and has entered the main application fields in an all-round way, with the self-sufficiency rate of 2m panchromatic /8m multispectral data reaching 80%. The data of Gaofen-2 satellite 1 m /4 m effectively covers 9.04 million square kilometers in China and 77.58 million square kilometers in the world. Gaofen-4 satellite was officially put into use on June 13 this year, which effectively supported the business needs of disaster reduction, meteorology, earthquake, forestry, environmental protection and other industries.

Xu, director of the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau and director of the National Space Administration, said: "At present, provincial high-scoring data and application centers have been set up in 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, and 200,000 scenes of high-scoring satellite data have been distributed, forming 239 special products and13/service products. In Beijing and Xinjiang, the business model of government purchasing satellite application services has been explored and initially realized. "

In March of this year, the "High Score Application Integrated Information Service * * * Enjoy Platform" was officially launched. The platform has connected 16 industries and 7 regions, * * enjoys 446 featured products, 88 service products and 12 1 standards, and provides more than 100 related business links, and * * * enjoys 840TB of data.

Before the launch and application of high-scoring special series satellites, China's remote sensing satellite data has been imported for a long time, and industries such as land, water conservancy, forestry and ocean spend a lot of money to buy foreign remote sensing satellite data every year. With the stable free supply of high-scoring data and the gradual improvement of data processing services, the share of foreign satellite data in the domestic market and data prices have dropped significantly.

"High-scoring satellite data has entered the main business of key industries and has replaced imports. The data self-sufficiency rate reached 80%, with remarkable results. " Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau and the National Space Administration, said.

Cai Yang said that the use of high marks has improved the localization of China's water conservancy monitoring data and got rid of dependence on foreign satellite data. "We hardly need to import data."