What policies, laws and measures does Germany have to deal with the aging population?

First, reform the old-age insurance system.

Germany's old-age insurance system has been implemented since 957. 1997, the German government admitted for the first time that this old-age insurance system could not pay all pensions, and carried out the "Rist" reform to develop the original single statutory old-age insurance system into a multi-pillar old-age insurance system. The reform has reduced the first pillar pension, and developed the second and third pension insurance systems based on funds through subsidies and tax relief.

In order to encourage the establishment of supplementary pension system, the German government has taken a series of incentive measures, such as direct pension savings allowance, tax credit and tax deferral. In addition, Germany has extended the statutory pension payment period: people who have reached the age of 63 and have worked for less than 35 years have the right to retire early, but 0.3% of their pension will be deducted for each month of early retirement. People who have reached the age of 65 and worked for 45 years have the right to retire without withholding their pension. Disabled people need to be 62 years old and have a job.

Second, extend the retirement age.

In order to maintain a certain number of contributors and ensure an adequate pension supply, the German government has to gradually raise the retirement age. 1997 female, 60 years old; At present, in 2004, Germany has decided to raise the compulsory retirement age from 65 to 67. Now two think tanks are studying to postpone the retirement age for another three years. In July last year, the European Commission also conducted a similar study, predicting that the 27 member States of the European Union may need to extend the retirement age to 70 by 2060.

Third, education reform.

Starting from 20 10, German universities will fully implement the "Bologna Process". The undergraduate study time is three years, the master study time is generally four semesters, and the doctoral study time is shortened from five years to three to four years. Secondly, strengthen vocational training, improve the correlation between education and occupation, and cultivate talents who can meet the market demand. In 2009, the German government spent nearly 654.38+0.5 billion euros as investment in universities and training institutions, and in 2065.438+00, it put forward new measures: it signed the Convention on National Vocational Education Successors and Professional and Technical Talents with the Economic Federation and the State Ministries of Culture, which specifically stipulated the quantitative objectives of vocational education. The German government believes that this can improve social welfare and prolong people's working hours in their lives, thus prolonging the time to pay various taxes and insurance premiums.

Fourth, encourage immigrants.

By integrating the labor market and increasing the mobility of the labor market, we can introduce labor from other countries with sufficient labor supply and solve the problem of insufficient labor supply in Germany. Therefore, the German government actively encourages immigrants, especially attracting high-quality immigrants, and increases the proportion of employed people by absorbing and integrating immigrants. According to statistics, in 20 10, among the 82 million people in Germany,150,000 were immigrants. Germany has become the country with the largest immigrant population in Europe.

Fifth, encourage childbearing.

With the decrease of newborns, increasing the fertility rate has become an important national policy in Germany. According to the United Nations Population Development Report 20 10, the natural population growth rate in Germany is -0.2%. It is estimated that the number of children per woman is only10-2015 years. In this regard, Dr. girma Hull, editor of frankfurter allgemeine zeitung, said: "Not having children has seriously affected the competitiveness of the country, and it will destroy Germany sooner or later." In order to encourage childbearing, the German government once again increased the subsidy expenditure for children and families in 20 10: families with children will receive an additional subsidy of 100 euros per child.

Sixth, provide a variety of ways of providing for the aged.

Staying in a "professional nursing home" is the most common choice for the elderly in Germany. These nursing homes have world-class hardware and personnel management methods. However, in recent years, a new way of mutual support for the aged has emerged in Germany, which is called "home care for the aged". Some social organizations and local governments in Germany have also explored various modes of mutual support for the aged, including "multi-generation homes".

Seven, the development of long-term care insurance.

1995, Germany began to implement the long-term care insurance law. Long-term care insurance has become the "fifth pillar" insurance after pension insurance, medical insurance, accident insurance and unemployment insurance. All medical insurance applicants must participate in nursing insurance. Insurance funds are shared by the government, enterprises, individuals and medical insurance institutions, and the government bears more than 1/3. Nursing can be divided into two categories: home nursing and hospitalization nursing, and can be divided into three categories according to the required intensity. It can be seen that the long-term care insurance system can solve the long-term care problem of the elderly in a certain range.