How many kinds of operas are there in China, and what are their characteristics?

China opera is mainly composed of folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque. It originated from primitive song and dance and is a comprehensive stage art form with a long history. From the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Song and Jin Dynasties, a relatively complete opera art was formed, consisting of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts, with about 360 kinds.

There are many kinds of plays in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in China. Other famous operas include: Kunqu Opera, Diaojiao Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huai Opera, Sichuan Opera, Qin Opera, Shanghai Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Cantonese Opera, Henan Diaojiao Opera and Hunan Opera.

Artistic feature

Synthesis, virtuality and formality are the main artistic features of China traditional operas. These characteristics, which condensed the essence of China's traditional culture, formed a unique view of drama, and made China's operas shine with unique artistic brilliance on the stage of world drama culture.

comprehensiveness

China Opera is a national art with strong comprehensiveness, which is not only reflected in its mastery and originality of various art categories (such as dance and acrobatics), but also in its exquisite and profound performing arts. Various artistic factors are closely combined with the performing arts, and all the functions of opera are realized through the performance of actors. Among them, the organic composition of singing, reading, doing and beating on the actors is the most concentrated and prominent embodiment of the comprehensiveness of China traditional operas. Singing refers to singing skills, which means "clear pronunciation and mellow voice"; Reading aloud, that is, reading aloud, is a strict reciting skill. The so-called "one thousand pounds of oral part sings four Liang"; Doing refers to doing work, which is the character and expression; Beating refers to the martial arts action in performance, which is a combination of dance martial arts skills based on China traditional martial arts. These four expressions are sometimes interrelated and sometimes cross each other. Their composition depends on the needs of the plot, but they are all unified into a comprehensive whole, which embodies the beauty of harmony and is full of musical spirit (sense of rhythm). China traditional opera is a form of drama with formal beauty, which is centered on comprehensive performances of singing, reading, doing and playing.

Genre

A program is a form of drama that reflects life. It refers to the standardization, dance performance and reuse of life movements. Programs come directly or indirectly from life, but they are formed by refining, summarizing and beautifying life according to certain norms. This embodies the painstaking efforts of artists of all ages, and also becomes the starting point for a new generation of actors to re-create, so the performing arts of traditional Chinese opera can be passed down from generation to generation. There are fixed formats for closing the door, pushing the window, getting on the horse, getting on the boat and going upstairs. In the traditional opera performance in China. In addition to performing programs, traditional Chinese opera has certain programs in script form, role, music singing, makeup and clothing. Excellent artists can break through some limitations of the program and create their own personalized normative art. The program is a model of beauty.

China Opera is a form of drama centered on the comprehensive performance of singing, reading, doing and playing. It is rich in artistic means of expression, and its comprehensive combination with the performing arts makes China opera full of special charm. It integrates the beauty of lyrics, music, art and performance, controls a play with rhythm, achieves harmony and unity, fully mobilizes the appeal of various artistic means, and forms a unique rhythmic performance art in China.

The most important feature of China's traditional operas is virtuality. Stage art does not simply imitate life, but selects, refines, exaggerates and beautifies the prototype of life, bringing the audience directly into the palace of art.

Another artistic feature of China opera is stylization, such as closing the door, getting on the horse, taking a boat and so on. The program in traditional Chinese opera is both normative and flexible, so the art of traditional Chinese opera is properly called regular free action.

Virtual sex

Fiction is the basic way for drama to reflect life. It refers to an actor's performance, which compares the real environment or objects in a deformed way to express life. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is first manifested in the flexibility in dealing with the time and space of the stage. The so-called "three or five people walk the world, six or seven people have millions of soldiers", "a thousand years' career is in an instant, and the abbot's land is Wan Li" and "a few years' blink of an eye makes an inch of incense last forever", which breaks through the limitations of the "three unifications" and "the fourth wall" of western operas. Secondly, in a specific stage atmosphere scheduling and actors' simulation of some life actions, such as windy and rainy, riding gait, threading a needle and so on, more concentrated and more vividly embodies the virtual characteristics of traditional Chinese opera.

Opera mask is also a virtual way. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is not only caused by the limitations of the original stage and backward dance techniques, but also the product of the accumulation of national traditional aesthetic thoughts that pursue likeness and vividness. This is a beautiful creation. It has greatly liberated the creativity of screenwriters and stage artists and the artistic imagination of the audience, thus greatly improving the aesthetic value of China traditional operas.