Do you know the content of article 2 1?

The main contents of article 2 1 are as follows:

1No. * * * Article 4 requires China to recognize that Japan inherits all German rights and interests in Shandong; Shandong Province shall not be ceded or leased to other countries; Allow Japan to build a railway from Yantai (or Longkou) to Ji Jiao Road; Major cities in Shandong are open to commercial ports. In fact, we should turn Shandong into a Japanese sphere of influence to prepare for the partition of China.

No.2 * * * Article 7 requires China to recognize Japanese special rights in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia. The Japanese have the privilege of living (in fact, unrestricted immigration) and operating railways and mines, and no other powers are allowed to interfere; The leases of Lushun and Dalian and Nanman and Anfeng railways were extended to 99 years. The Japanese attempt to turn northeast China and Inner Mongolia into their own colonies can be described as deliberate.

No.3 * * * 2, it is required to change Hanyeping Company into a Sino-Japanese joint venture company. The Chinese side shall not handle it by itself, and personnel outside the company shall not mine nearby.

Circular 4 requires that all coastal ports and islands in China shall not be leased or transferred to other countries. In other words, China became a Japanese protectorate.

There are seven items in No.5 * * *, including: asking the China government to hire Japanese as political, military and financial consultants; China and Japan jointly organized police and arsenals, and China bought more than half of the ordnance from Japan; The construction rights of Wuchang-Nanchang, Nanchang-Hangzhou and Nanchang-Chaozhou railways were ceded to Japan; Japan gives priority to mining, building seaports, shipyards and building roads in Fujian Province. The Japanese have the right to preach in China, and the hospitals, temples and schools run by the Japanese have land ownership in the mainland; Wait a minute. This is almost to turn China into a Japanese dependency, just like Korea at that time.

First, the historical background. 19 14 years, World War I broke out. China's proposal that Germany directly return Shandong's rights and interests was rejected, so he decided to remain neutral. At that time, the attention of the United States had shifted to Europe, while Britain hoped that Japan could become its ally in the Far East. In August, Japan declared war on Germany and sent troops to occupy the Shandong Peninsula, the German sphere of influence in China. 19 15. The Japanese demanded 2 1 from China with the intention of monopolizing the rights and interests of China. At that time, Yuan Shikai, the great president of the Republic of China, had put down the second revolution and amended the Provisional Constitution, so that the president was the only one. At the same time, Yuan Shikai revised the presidential election law, which shows that he tried to inherit the presidency. The Japanese government saw that it was now or never, so Okunari believed that the cabinet had reached an agreement on Article 2 1, which won the understanding of the elders. 19 15 181October 18, Japanese minister Yi directly asked President Yuan Shikai of the Republic of China for item 2 1 and asked China to keep it absolutely confidential. /kloc-from 0 to April, Yuan ordered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to negotiate with Japan. On the one hand, he gradually leaked the contents in secret, hoping to gain the support of Britain and the United States to counter Japan. China negotiators repeatedly rejected some demands, forcing the Japanese to make concessions. Anti-Japanese sentiment has also emerged in China. The Japanese threatened China by force. On May 7th, the Japanese government issued an ultimatum to China, ordering it to reply before the 9th. In the end, Yuan Shikai's government accepted the requirements of Items 1 to 4 of Article 21 on the evening of May 9 1 1, and signed it on May 25. May 9th was designated as National Shame Day by the National Education Federation, calling it "National Shame on May 9th".

Second, comment. Some people accuse Yuan Shikai of accepting Article 21, saying that he intends to restore monarchy, and in order to gain Japan's support, he sold his national sovereignty in exchange for Japan's support. However, according to people's archives and diaries at that time, Yuan Shikai was forced to accept some provisions of Article 21 at the last minute under the pressure of Japan's declaration of war. As for Japan's reward for supporting Yuan Restoration, there is also a lack of evidence to support it. Some scholars believe that the failure of Yuan Shikai's restoration was due to his efforts in Article 21, which made the Japanese government "forcibly overthrow Yuan" when it announced the Mikado system. Especially at that time, Yuan Shikai's biggest political enemy was Sun Yat-sen, who fought against Yuan based in Japan after the Second Revolution. Sun Yilu urged Japan to sanction Yuan Shikai. Before his death, Yuan Shikai said that his death would be "a big problem for the Japanese".

Third, follow-up. With the development of the national protection movement, Yuan Shikai finally died. After World War I 1922 Washington Conference abolished some treaties because it affected the interests of other countries in China. Subsequently, the content of the treaty was constantly rewritten until Japan was completely abolished after its defeat in World War II in 1945.