Where do the Hakkas refer to? Is there such a place?

The ancestors of Hakkas were originally Han Chinese in the Central Plains. Due to war, famine and government rewards and punishments, they moved south and spread to Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Taiwan Province and other provinces and regions and more than 70 countries and regions in the world. At present, there are more than 1 billion Hakkas in the world.

Hakka ancestors moved south from the Central Plains for five times. Between Qin and Han Dynasties, Zhao Tuo became the king of South Vietnam. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops south to pacify South Vietnam, and then on the basis of the three counties in southern Xinjiang in the Qin Dynasty, nine counties were set up, including Minzhong County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow Scarf Uprising led to frequent wars. A large number of Han people living in the Yellow River valley moved south one after another. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei adopted the policy of inviting border people to move inward and extended it to the Western Jin Dynasty. During the Jianwu period, Emperor Jinyuan led his subjects to cross south, that is, "Yongjia Rebellion, crowned with clothes and crossed south." From the end of the Han Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Han people in the Central Plains moved south to the Yangtze River valley, which was the first great migration. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Yangtze River basin was in flames of war, and the Han people moved southward constantly. Professor Luo Xianglin's textual research on the origin of Hakka said: "Up to now, Emperor Wu of Jin unified China to see the origin of the three kingdoms' separatist regime, and the state and county's military power were exhausted, and the border States were empty. With the continuous occurrence of the Eight Kings Rebellion, the national strength was weakened, and the tribes migrating from the frontier had to take the opportunity to establish a separatist regime in part of Chinese mainland. The central government of the Jin Dynasty had no choice but to move the capital to Jiankang, which is now Nanjing. People from the mainland who have the power to migrate or have the opportunity to migrate all move south, which was called' floating population' at that time. "At that time, Fujian was located on the southeast coast and the situation was relatively stable. As a result, the Central Plains people who moved south arrived in batches, along Wuyishan or south from Gannan, and arrived at Shibizhai (now Shibizhun) in Tingzhou and Ninghua, and then continued to migrate to Tingzhou County. Some of them are scattered from northern Jiangxi to southern Jiangxi. The Central Plains people who entered Tingzhou gradually merged with the local Fujian, Guangdong and She ethnic groups and became the early Hakkas in Tingzhou. In the second year of the Tang dynasty, there were ethnic minorities between Fujian and Guangdong who were dissatisfied with the government's oppression and rallied to resist. The imperial court ordered Zuo Lang to make Zheng Chen the chief executive of Lingnan, and ordered an army to enter Fujian to guard it. During the reign of Tang Xiantong, the defenders rebelled for some reason, led by Pang Xun, and led the army to attack the Central Plains. After the Huang Chao Uprising, more than ten years of turmoil led to the migration of people from all over China. Later, Huang Chao's subordinate, Zhu Wen, was killed and renamed Liang, which started the separatist situation of the five dynasties' disputes. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the Han people moved south from the Yangtze River valley, which was the second great migration. There were thousands of clans in the Central Plains at that time.

Song Gaozong crossed south, Jin people went south, Yuan people entered the house, and some Hakkas moved from Fujian and Jiangxi to eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong. This is every three great migrations. During this period, more and more clans in the Central Plains were exiled. It is said that Chen Yuanguang-born Chen Shuming, the grandson of the Chen Dynasty royal family, has nine sons and has become a huge family. He was ordered to break away from the giants and spread all over Kyushu. "Nine sons divided Kyushu, many sons sealed Tingzhou" (actually six sons), whose real name was Shen Wan, sealed doctor, moved to Tingzhou with 97 families, and was the ancestor of Tingzhou Chen. Ninghua Shibi Village in Tingzhou was an important passage from Jiangxi to Fujian and the north and south of Fujian at that time. It has become a transit point for Zhongyuan people to Fujian, and it is also the residence of many ancestors of Hakka surnames. At this time, "Hakkas scattered in Tingzhou and Shaowu belong to different families and then moved to Meizhou". Most Hakkas migrated from the Central Plains to the south of China, sailed to Nanyang Islands and even around the world, and passed through the stone walls of Ninghua in Tingzhou.

Political corruption in the late Ming Dynasty was also worth years of famine, and the people lived in poverty. Coupled with the greed of civil servants and the stabbing of innocent military officers, the officials forced the people to rebel and the peasants rebelled everywhere. The Qing army entered the customs, advanced on the capital, and then went south. Shi Kefa was martyred, Du Nan fell, and the axe king went through customs, and the whole country was bloody. When Qing soldiers entered Fujian, a large number of people in Tingzhou and Ganzhou fled in panic and moved to central Guangdong and coastal areas, even to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and Taiwan Province provinces, and a few moved to southern Guizhou and Xikanghui. This is the fourth migration of Hakkas. After the failure of Zhang Peasant Uprising in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Sichuan was devastated, the countryside was barren, and the land was vast and sparsely populated. During the reign of Kangxi, farmers were ordered to move and reclaim land for farming, which was a famous great migration in Qing Dynasty. The so-called "moving lakes to fill rivers." .

During the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, influenced by the Guangdong West Road incident and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, some Hakkas moved to Guangdong South Road, Hainan Island, Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong, Macau, Nanyang Islands, and even as far away as Europe and America. This is the fifth great migration and a worldwide migration after the failure of Taiping Army.

Before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the ancestors of Hakkas lived in Bingzhou Supreme Party in the north, Hongnong in Sizhou in the west, Huainan in Yangzhou in the east and Xincai and Anfeng in Yuzhou in the middle. Shangdang is in Changzhi County, Shanxi Province, Hongnong is 20 kilometers south of Lingbao County, Henan Province, Huainan is in Shouxian County, Anhui Province, Xincai is Xincai County, Henan Province, and Anfeng is near Gushi County, Weichuan County, Henan Province. This may not be the reason of Hakka ancestors, but it is actually their basic place of residence. If you want to study the origin of Hakka, you must pay attention to this.