History of Zheng Chenggong

China was a strategist and national hero in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Fujian Nan 'an people. Formerly known as sen,

The word Yan Ming, no, is big wood. At the age of 22, he served as commander-in-chief of the Imperial Camp of Emperor Qianlong of Nanming. Ito Shunzhi

In the third year (the second year of Nanming Longwu 1646), he recruited soldiers to resist the Qing Dynasty. He won three major victories in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai) in southern Fujian, annihilating the main force of the army stationed in Fujian and Qing Dynasty. Then he sent troops to Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province in the north and Jieyang, Guangdong Province in the south. Li Yong, Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, named him King Yanping. In 12 years, Du Ji, the general of Dingyuan in Qing Dynasty, led about 30,000 troops into Fujian to attack Zheng Jun together with the troops stationed in Fujian ... Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the weakness of the Qing army's inability to fight on water to lure the Qing army to sea. In April of the following year, his navy was completely annihilated in the waters near Weitou, Xiamen. In fifteen years, he led the navy and army 654.38+0.7 million to the north. The following year, he entered the Yangtze River, attacked Zhenjiang and surrounded Nanjing. Later, due to China's plan to slow down the troops of the Qing army, he lost his troops and was defeated by Xiamen. In the seventeenth year, in haimen port (now Long Haidong), Fujian Province, more than 40,000 sailors led by the Qing general Dasu were completely annihilated, and the military power was revived. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, he made up his mind to take advantage of the weakness of the Dutch colonial army invading Taiwan Province and seek help to recover Taiwan Province Province. On March 23rd, 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships set off from Luowan, Jinmen, passed through Penghu and landed unexpectedly at Luermen and Heliao Port. With the support of the people of Taiwan Province Province, they first captured Chiqian City (now Tainan City), where the Dutch army was weak in defense, and then besieged Taiwan Province provincial capital (now Anping Town, Tainan City), the capital with strong defense. After that, he defeated the Dutch reinforcements and forced the colonial governor Bayi to sign the surrender letter on February/February 13 (February 65438+ 1 0662) and leave Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong abolished the Dutch colonial system in Taiwan Province Province, and established administrative institutions, which made great contributions to the development of Taiwan Province Province. He died in May of the following year.

Zheng Chenggong, a national hero, defeated the Dutch colonialists who occupied Taiwan Province Province for 38 years in 1662, recovered our sacred territory and wrote this poem "Return to Taiwan Province". The poem highly summarizes the difficult course of seizing Taiwan Province Province, and expresses with infinite affection the flesh and blood relationship of sharing weal and woe with the soldiers.

Zheng Chenggong (1624— 1662) was a famous national hero in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His real name is Sen, and he is from Shijing Village, Nan 'an County, Fujian Province. His father, Zheng Zhilong, was the "Jian 'anbo" of the Longwu Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty. He once organized immigrants from Taiwan Province Province and actively developed Taiwan Province Island. 1645 (the second year of Qing Shunzhi) 2 1 year-old was summoned by the emperor Zhu of the Chang Dynasty in Fuzhou. He is highly appreciated and regarded as his family. He was given a surname (Zhu) and successfully renamed. Therefore, he is honored as "Guo Xingye" at home and abroad. 1653 (Shunzhi 10), Li Yong (Zhu Youlang) of Nanming Emperor named him "King of Yanping County".

Zheng Chenggong's activities were carried out during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the invasion of the East by western colonists. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/646 (the third year of Qing Shun), the Qing army attacked Fujian, and Emperor Longwu was captured alive. Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, mastered the military power of the Longwu court, and under the temptation of the traitor Hong Chengchou, led the army to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Chenggong opposed his father, Qin Long, and led his troops to ambush Nanwo Island in Guangdong, then advanced to Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, and occupied Xiamen and Jinmen Islands in 1650 (the seventh year of Qing Shunzhi). After that, it fought against the Qing army, gradually recovered Zhang Quan and Quanzhou in Fujian, and controlled the southeast coastal areas from Zhoushan in Zhejiang to Chaoshan in Guangdong.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/659, Zheng Chenggong went north with 65,438+10,000 sailors and went up the Yangtze River via Zhoushan, connecting Guazhou, Zhenjiang and other cities. Around Nanjing in July, Lang, the governor of Jiangnan in the Middle Qing Dynasty, promoted the plan and returned to Xiamen. The following year, the Qing army attacked Xiamen in three ways and was repelled by Zheng Chenggong. While insisting on opposing Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong waged a long-term struggle with the Dutch colonialists who invaded our territory of Taiwan Province Province. Dutch colonialists invaded Taiwan Province province of China on 1624 (four years from tomorrow), brutally exploited and oppressed the people of Taiwan Province province, constantly harassed the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong, and aroused the great indignation of the people of China. 1652 (the ninth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), an armed uprising against the Netherlands led by Guo Huaiyi (the former headquarters of Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Chenggong's father) broke out in Taiwan Province Province. 1655 (the 12th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), Zheng Chenggong banned merchant ships from trading in Taiwan Province in protest against the plundering by Dutch colonists at sea, which dealt a powerful blow to the Dutch colonists economically.

16 1 in April, Zheng Chenggong ordered his eldest son, Zheng Jing, to guard the mansion, led a new warship 120, with more than 25,000 soldiers, and promised to move eastward to recover Luowan Taiwan Province in Jinmen. After a fierce naval battle, Zheng Jun sank the Dutch capital ship "Hector" and recovered "Chikanta". In the struggle of the past year, the Dutch army suffered nearly 2000 casualties and suffered heavy losses. 1 February 6621day, the Dutch invaders were forced to surrender, and Taiwan Province Province, which had been occupied for 38 years, finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.

Zheng Chenggong died in Taiwan Province at the age of 39 on the eighth day of May in the lunar calendar 1662.

Responder: kitty 256- magic apprentice level 7- 10 16:36

Zheng Chenggong (1624—1662), a native of Nan 'an, Fujian, China, was a national hero. But he was born in Hirado, Kyushu, Japan and his mother was Tanaka, Japan. His original name is Zheng Sen, and his name is Yan Ming. Later, Emperor Wu of the Long Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty gave this country a surname of Zhu, which succeeded, so it was also called Ye. Zheng Chenggong was the last official in the Ming Dynasty who emphasized the anti-Qing and the restoration of sight. He made the personnel of the Dutch East India Company who occupied Taiwan Province Province retreat through a substantial military strike, leaving behind many legendary activities and legends. After his death, he was buried near Luermen Port, Tainan City, Taiwan Province Province. The word "Koxinga" is a customary address for foreigners, that is, it comes from "the surname of the country".

all one's life

Zheng Chenggong's father was Zheng Zhilong, who was a pirate leader before he was recruited by the Ming court. Japanese woman Tian Chuanshi will be Zheng Chenggong in Hiuke on August 27th in the fourth year of the lunar calendar tomorrow (the first year of Kuanyong, Japan 1624), so Zheng Chenggong is a mixed-race child of China and Japan. Before he was seven years old, he and his mother lived in Hirado. 1630, Zheng Zhilong brought him back to Nan 'an for education. Because Japanese regulations prohibit women from leaving the country, Tian did not accompany them. In order to win a reputation in scientific research, Zheng Zhilong hired Confucian scholars to educate Zheng Chenggong. The ancestors entered Fujian from Gushi County, Gwangju [now Huangzhou County, Henan Province] and lived in Zhangzhou, then moved to Chaozhou, Guangdong, and lived in Nan 'an County, Quanzhou. After returning to China at the age of seven, he was admitted as a scholar at the age of fifteen. 1644, Li Zicheng went to Beijing, Ming Sizong hanged himself, and Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs. In such troubled times, I went to study in imperial academy, Nanjing, and worshipped Qian, then the minister of Nanjing's Ministry of Rites, as my teacher.

Zheng Chenggong has four brothers. The only mother is Qi Saemon (also known as Lany Erlang Saemon), who has never left Japan, and there are descendants in Japan at present.

Anti-Qing dynasty

Emperor Longdi of Nanming once courted Zhu, who was the surname of the Ming Dynasty, and gave him the title of loyalty and filial piety, so he was commonly known as the surname Ye. At the age of 22, he served as commander-in-chief of the Imperial Camp of Emperor Qianlong of Nanming. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646, the second year of Nanming Longwu), the Qing army conquered Fujian and Emperor Longwu of Tang Dynasty was killed. Encouraged by Hong Chengchou, a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong's father thought that the Ming Dynasty was over, and despite Zheng Chenggong's opposition, he went north to surrender to the Qing court alone. At this time, the Qing army plundered Zheng Jia, and his mother Tian committed suicide to avoid the humiliation of the Qing army. In the second year of Longwu (1647 65438+ 10), Zheng Chenggong formed an army in Liyu (Little Golden Gate), and the banner was titled "Loyalty, Filial Piety, Bo Zhao, General Zhu Chenggong, Minister of Criminal Affairs". Li Yong was renamed Nanming Li Yong in the third year (1649), and Li Yong made him the king of Yanping County, so some people called him Zheng Yanping. From 165 1 to 1652, we won three victories in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai) in southern Fujian and annihilated the main army stationed in Minqing. After that, Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province in the north and Jieyang in Guangdong Province in the south. In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Du Ji, the general of Dingyuan in the Qing Dynasty, led about 30,000 troops into Fujian to attack Zheng Jun together with the troops stationed in Fujian ... Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the weakness that the Qing army was not good at water fighting and lured the Qing army to go to sea to fight. In April of the following year, his navy was completely annihilated in the waters near Weitou, Xiamen. During the period of 16 years after the uprising, Zheng Chenggong completely controlled the sea power of the small islands in Xiaojinmen and Xiamen (which were islands at that time and were not connected with the mainland). In order to do business with foreigners, raise funds and prepare military forces, he set up commercial positions in the mainland and collected a lot of information from the Qing army and the court. He sent troops several times and also negotiated with the Qing court to gain time to restore his strength. In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong wrote to Zheng Chenggong many times at the request of the Qing court. The Qing emperor also wrote a letter conferring Zheng Chenggong as General Jinghai, but Zheng Chenggong refused to accept it. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong's private letters were intercepted by the Qing court, and they immigrated to Ningguta of Zheng Zhilong to collaborate with the enemy.

In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), Zheng Chenggong succeeded in the Northern Expedition170,000. The following year, he entered the Yangtze River, captured Zhenjiang and surrounded Nanjing. Later, due to China's plan to slow down the troops of the Qing army, he was defeated in Xiamen. In the seventeenth year, in haimen port (now Long Haidong), Fujian Province, more than 40,000 sailors led by the Qing general Dasu were completely annihilated, and the military power was revived.

Taiwan Province Province, Jin Dong

Kangxi 166 1 year ascended the throne. Prior to this, the Zheng family handed over Huang's five strategies to eliminate thieves, including moving from Shandong to Guangdong for 20 years and cutting off economic support. Destroy coastal ships, and the inch board is not allowed to enter the water; At the same time, Zheng Zhilong, the father of success, was killed at the migration site of Ningguta (one said that he was killed at the entrance of Jingcheng, the west entrance of Fu Xue Hutong in the Yuan Dynasty execution ground); Dig Zheng's ancestral grave; Resettlement of surrendered officers and soldiers, reclamation of wasteland. Due to the new strategy of the Qing government, Zheng Chenggong and his army cut off their economic sources and faced a serious financial crisis. They had to abandon the military strategy of harassing the southeast coast based on offshore islands, and instead attacked Taiwan Province Province, which had been colonized by Portuguese, Spanish, British and Dutch who had traveled across the ocean to Asia for a long time since the era of great navigation. As a new base, on March 23rd this year, Zheng Chenggong personally led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships. First, the superior forces captured Chiqian City (now Tainan City), where the Dutch army was weak in defense, and then besieged the well-defended capital, Taiwan Province provincial capital (now Anping District, Tainan City). After nine months of bitter struggle, he defeated the Dutch in 1662 with the support of Han immigrants who were assisted by his father to cross the sea in his early years, and forced the colonial governor Bayi to sign the surrender, which was on 1 February 13 in the same year (1February 6621day). So they sacrificed mountains and rivers, issued a settlement order, opened the kingdom of Dongning, established the Zheng family, owned part of the land in the south and east of Taiwan Province Province, set up Chengtianfu, and changed Tainan into the "East Capital" to show the intention of the Ming emperor Li Yong to come to the east and win the loyalty of the minister of Ming adherents. Find another way to work overseas, and fight against the Qing Dynasty overseas. In April of the same year, news came that Wang Gui Zhu Youlang died in Myanmar. Although there are other Ming Dynasty royal families in Taiwan Province, Success has decided not to establish a new emperor, but to be the master of Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong established the first Han regime in Taiwan Province. However, due to the poor sanitary conditions in tropical areas at that time, Zheng Chenggong contracted an epidemic and finally fell ill. He died in May of the same year at the age of 39. Originally buried in Taiziwei, Tainan Island, 1699 moved to Nan 'an ancestral tomb.

Zheng Chenggong's son, Zheng Jing, continued to manage Taiwan Province Province, changing its east to Dongning. According to Chen Yonghua's proposal, transplanting the central official system of the Ming Dynasty still served the dead Ming Emperor Li Yong at home, but it was not unified with Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties in China inland, and it called itself "the country of Dongning" abroad. This was the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China and achieved remarkable management results. Later, Shi Lang's disciple Zheng Chenggong attacked the Netherlands and conquered Penghu Island, so his grandson Zheng Keshuang fell to the Qing Dynasty on 1683. In order to avoid the resistance of Taiwan Province people, Zheng was dug out of all graves in Taiwan Province by the Qing Dynasty and buried in China. 1684 In April, Taiwan Province Province (then Taiwan's government) was formally incorporated into the territory of the Qing Empire, belonging to Fujian Province, consisting of Taiwan County, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Generally speaking, Zheng regime only existed in Taiwan Province Province for more than twenty years. However, due to its special background, it has not only attracted the attention of historians in Taiwan Province Province, but also attracted the attention of historians in China and Japan, and put forward various interesting views.

evaluate

Zheng Chenggong accepted his father's army and most of his members were thieves. Therefore, Zheng Chenggong has always been "strongman rule" and "severe punishment and severe law", and rarely accepts the opinions of his subordinates. However, his literati background can also make him serve others with virtue, and at the same time help him run his career and create a better situation than his father.

Because Zheng Chenggong is a mixed-race Chinese, the Japanese also regard him as a hero of the Yamato nation. Now there is a "birthday stone" on the seaside of Hirado, Japan (now Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture). It is said that Zheng Chenggong was born here. Japanese writer Saemon once wrote a pure glass drama called Ye Hezhan, which was all the rage.

During the Japanese occupation of Taiwan Province, the Japanese demolished a large number of Han temples. However, the King Temple in Yanping County, located in Tainan, was fortunately preserved. It was set up by the Qing Dynasty to worship Zheng Chenggong. In addition, a wind tower "Kaishan Temple" was built next to it, which was also dedicated to Zheng, forming a double-temple pattern. Until the end of the war, the Kaishan Temple was demolished and the original Fujian-style building was renovated to the northern court.

China regards Zheng Chenggong as a national hero who recovered Taiwan Province Province from the Dutch, Japan regards Zheng Chenggong as the first example of Japanese descendants governing Taiwan Province Province, and Taiwan Province Province regards Zheng Chenggong as a model for Han people to leave China's rule, emigrate to Taiwan Province Province and establish a new world.