What does it mean to add the word "question" to the grass prefix?

I. Interpretation

Last name, lives in Yishan Village, Bukou Town, Wendeng City, Weihai, Shandong Province, with a population of less than 1000. Later, they moved out in succession. Now there are more surnames in qitaihe city and Chengde, plus other retail investors, about 3,000 people; At present, the word "Fu" has been simplified, and the word "Wen" has also been simplified. The ID card of this surname has also been changed into a simplified word, which may have been created by the local government, but this word is not in the computer font. Unfortunately, people with this surname usually use the word "autumn" instead of their surnames when they go out to work.

Two. general survey

Total number of strokes:14;

Traditional radical: rice; Extinction:11;

Wu Bi 86&; 98:AUKF； Cang Xie: TANR

Number of strokes:12225112511; Horn number: 44227; UniCode:CJK； Unify Chinese characters; U+8504

First, the origin of his surname:

Because of the particularity of Yi surname and the rarity of Yi nationality, I have been full of curiosity and yearning for Yi surname and ancestral home since I was a child. Later, I spent almost my whole life in historical records, which gave me a strong sense of mission to understand the Yi family and compile genealogy. However, due to the strange and long family history, wide distribution of personnel and my busy work, this work has not been carried out smoothly.

Guo surname is a word-making surname, which rarely appears in dictionaries, even among hundreds of surnames. Only in high school did I know that the word "Zhu" could be found in Kangxi dictionary. This dictionary was compiled in the early Qing Dynasty. After liberation, it was printed a little, so it is difficult for ordinary people to get it. But I came to the conclusion that the word "Guo" not only existed, but also existed in the Qing Dynasty. Later, I went to Wendeng with the visiting group of Liaoning Province, and went to my hometown Xiangshan, and got the ancestral "He Family Tree". At the beginning of the genealogy, it says, "In the second year of Ming Hongwu, the Yi family moved from Yunnan to Wendan Mountain". This can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. Later, it was discovered that Guang Yun in the Song Dynasty and DuDu in the Tang Dynasty had the word Guo, and the surname Guo dated back to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the word "Yan", it was found in Cang Ba in the Three Kingdoms period. This dictionary, written by Zhang Yi, a great scholar of Wei State, contains "Mao, surnamed Ye". However, there is no record of the word "Guo" in all kinds of dictionaries before the Eastern Han Dynasty, so the generation age of the word "Guo" is determined in the Eastern Han Dynasty before the Three Kingdoms.

It can be said that the Yi surname originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Yi family is a clan with dictionaries as its main inheritance and development, which has spanned nearly two thousand years since the Han Dynasty. Yao surname is a very old, strange and wise surname.

Second, the analysis of the word "Guo"

Yi people have passed down from generation to generation, and the word "Yao" was created by Yi ancestors to avoid official tracing. Nowadays, because the names of ancestors are deliberately concealed, it is impossible to find out the identity of the creator. However, from the family history passed down from mouth to mouth, as well as the time and writing structure of the word "Yao", it is believed that the word "Yao" should be created by literati during the change of government at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

First, the official class with profound cultural attainments should be the surname. Many ordinary people in ancient times could not read, let alone make words. Even if individual gentry are anonymous in case of disaster, they cannot take the word as their surname.

Second, the coinage of surnames needs to appear in a period before the publication of dictionaries. At the beginning of word creation, there were not many people, and the surnames of a few people were not recognized by the court and were included in ancient books. Only after a certain period of time, the clan develops to a certain scale, will it be included in the dictionary. The word "Gui" first appeared in the book "Gui Cang" published during the period of Taihe and Three Kingdoms in Wei Mingdi. Based on this, it can be inferred that the time to create the word "Guo" as a surname should be at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty before the Three Kingdoms.

Thirdly, the Yi ancestors created the word surname, which should not be a non-native and temporary product, but should be produced in the era of fierce political turmoil in the country. A few decades ago, the word "Yao" was included in Cang Ba, which happened to be the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty. From all indications, the ancestors of Zhou surname who fabricated their surnames are likely to be members of the royal family or dignitaries after the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the regime change, they can only change their names and surnames, blend in with the people, and then reproduce and survive.

The analysis of the word "Yao" shows that he has become a member of the "grass people", which is just an idiom used by the court dignitaries to insult the Li people. At this time, the people are the best place to live. The word "Yao" consists of "door" and "mouth". The mouth is the population and the door is the portal. The frame structure is unique, accurate and full of wisdom, which means that families hidden in the people will live a smooth and healthy life. The phonetic symbol "slow" means that after changing your name and surname, you should be more cautious, hide your strength and bide your time, and then plot great things.

Third, the use and promotion of the word "Yao"

As the creation and income dictionary of surnames, Chinese characters show the profound cultural background and solid social foundation of Yi ancestors. However, there are many difficulties in the inheritance, promotion and use of surnames because surnames are coined, used only for surnames and have hidden reasons. Although the surname Guo existed in the Han Dynasty, it also appeared in Guang Yun in the Tang Dynasty, in the Song Dynasty and Kangxi Dictionary in the Qing Dynasty, all of which were used as surnames. However, in old China and for a long time after liberation, the word "country" was not included in various dictionaries.

In particular, Xinhua Dictionary, Student Dictionary, Modern Chinese Dictionary and Cihai, which have the largest circulation after liberation, are not included, which brings inconvenience to the use of words. But in fact, the surnames from the Central Plains in the Three Kingdoms period were all included in the dictionaries of past dynasties and marked with (slow) sounds, and the surnames of this family have been passed down from generation to generation and continue to this day. I have been engaged in the compilation of local chronicles and yearbooks since 1980s, and I have served as the secretary-general of prefectural and county work in China Yearbook Research Association for a long time. Shang Ding, president of China Yearbook Research Association, and Hu Jun, executive director, are only the presidents and editors of Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, which is responsible for publishing Cihai. I took this shortcut to reflect this matter to them, and they all agreed, and said that Ci Hai would be published in the future. However, due to the long reprinting interval, it was not solved at the moment. Then, I heard the news that the State Council instructed Sichuan Publishing House to compile a Chinese dictionary. This large dictionary with many words caught my attention again. I immediately wrote to the editing department of the Chinese Dictionary to reflect the current situation and confusion in the use of the word "Guo", hoping to include it. The editing office wrote back soon, informing that the word "Yao" would be included in the Chinese dictionary. The reply said: "In addition to the pronunciation of màn, there are also the pronunciations of the words U (leakage) and biàn (discrimination). In the forthcoming Chinese Dictionary, the opinions of your people will be respected, and the word "will appear as a' slow' sound."

This dictionary containing more than 56,000 words was published in 1986, becoming the first dictionary containing the word "Guo" after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Moreover, màn (slow) is the only pronunciation when marking surnames, which plays an extremely important guiding role in the use of words. Since then, the Chinese word "sea" containing more than 85,000 words has included the word "country". The Chinese Surname Dictionary, which contains more than 20,000 surnames, and the Chinese Surname Calligraphy Dictionary, which contains more than 40,000 surnames, also contain the word "Guo" and are marked with the sound "màn". Especially in the 2 1 century, Modern Chinese Dictionary and Xinhua Dictionary published by China Academy of Social Sciences in 2006 and 20 12 respectively included the word "Guo" and marked the word "slow", which played a very positive role in promoting the use of this word.

However, it is worth noting that some provinces and cities have simplified the use of the word "Guo", which violates the spirit of the State Language Committee that "surnames cannot be simplified". Therefore, it is impossible to enter the standard font library and the microcomputer can't output the word, which has brought unnecessary trouble to the areas where simplified characters were first used.

Fourth, the population situation.

Yi people are widely distributed, but there are mainly four settlements. One is Wendeng in Shandong, the other is Luanping in Hebei, and the other is qitaihe city in Heilongjiang. In addition, there are a large number of Hu descendants scattered all over Liaoning. However, because Hu's descendants are scattered all over the country and are unfamiliar with each other, it is difficult to compile genealogy.

1998, on my way back from the National Yearbook Conference in Fengning, Hebei Province, I made a special trip to Nianzigou Village, Luanping County to meet a Yi people. 20 14, go to qitaihe city to find relatives. I also went to Wendeng's hometown to worship my ancestors three times on 1982, 1998 and 20 14, and got a more comprehensive understanding of the Yi family. According to the latest statistics, there are about 800 descendants of Mao in Wendeng, Shandong Province (mainly in Yishan Village), about 260 in Luanping, Hebei Province (mainly in Nianzigou Village), about 100 in qitaihe city, Heilongjiang Province (mainly in Qitaihe Coal Mine), and more than 100 descendants of Mao scattered all over Liaoning Province. In addition, there are more than 2,000 descendants of Wu, distributed in more than 20 provinces, cities and autonomous regions such as Yunnan, Shanxi, Jilin, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Taiwan Province.

According to legend, the Yi family lives in Yunnan. According to Yi family genealogy, in the early Ming Dynasty, Yi family moved from Yunnan to Yishan, and there were two original ones. One of them faces west, and there is only one mountain on it. However, the Yi people who started from Henan and moved to Yunnan and other areas are hard to find because of war, famine or unclear pronunciation, but there are also hundreds of thousands of them. Under normal circumstances, the population of the ancient surname is calculated according to the odd development, and the clan has multiplied to hundreds of thousands in the past two thousand years. For example, there were hundreds of thousands of descendants of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period, and there were as many as 400,000 Cong surnames in the Han Dynasty. The situation of Yan surname should be basically the same. However, due to unknown reasons such as major wars and serious natural disasters in ancient times, it is also possible that the number of personnel will drop sharply or even become scarce.

Yi people who moved from Yunnan to Yishan have made great progress through pioneering construction in Ming and Qing dynasties. During the democratic revolution, especially after the founding of New China, members of the Yi family showed rare intelligence and made outstanding contributions in their respective posts. In the war of liberation, more than 50 Yi people joined the army, some died gloriously, and some became senior commanders of our army. Yi people's cultural literacy is also excellent, and there are too many students in Qing Dynasty, so they are highly respected in Wendeng City, which has the reputation of "Wendeng Learning".

At present, there are nearly 100 leading cadres at or below the corps level and more than 50 senior and middle-level intellectuals, among whom dozens have studied and settled in the United States, Britain, Germany, Norway, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Canada and other countries. It can be seen that people surnamed Yao are not only all over the country, but also some are migrating to other countries.

Five or three explanations

1, dictionary genealogy and his last name

Different from most surnames of the Chinese nation, the Yi family is a clan developed mainly by the inheritance of dictionaries and genealogy. Since its first appearance in the Three Kingdoms period, modern dictionaries such as Tang, Song, Ming, Qing and He have included the word "Guo" in it, and only marked it as a surname, which is extremely rare among more than 20,000 surnames in China, thus making the family of "Guo" span more than ten dynasties and exist for more than 1800 years. The development of Yi people is also related to genealogical records. It has been more than 600 years since Yi moved to Xiangshan in the early Ming Dynasty. In the meantime, the genealogy was revised three times in the eighth year of Yongzheng, the nineteenth year of Jiaqing and the thirteenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, which recorded the family history in detail. Local dictionaries "Records of Wendeng City" and "Records of Luanping County" also record the development and changes of the Yi people. For example, as place names, Yaoshan and Yaozigou were described as "starting in the early Qing Dynasty and the middle Qing Dynasty" respectively, indicating that they were both built for the descendants of Shi Yao of Yaoshan.

According to Yao's genealogy, the Yaoshan system was developed by the fourth generation of its close ancestor, and then turned back because of population poverty. Now there are only two graves left, named Yao Jia Fenshan (Yaoshan for short). Yaoshan is the earliest place where the Yao family lived, but no one named Yao lived there. Yaoshan Village was named after Yaoshan in the Republic of China, and it was interpreted as Yaoshan Township and Yaoshan Town, which was also in the last twenty or thirty years. It is obviously extremely wrong to think that Yaoshan's surname comes from Yaoshan Town. Later, Qin Quan (called Hammer) was unearthed in Yaoshan, which led to the comment that his surname was Qin Huang, which was even more irrelevant. The development of the fifth generation Yao ancestors of Yaozigou system in Luanping, Hebei Province. However, Yao's descendants live in Nianzigou, north of Yaozigou, and they don't live in Yaozigou.

2. Media propaganda and the word "main"

The reproduction, development and prosperity of the Yi people first depend on the Yi people themselves. As more and more active descendants of Yi surname are almost all over the country, some of them have become pioneers of a certain unit or leaders of a certain front, shining brilliantly in various fields and having a wide influence. Moreover, through media propaganda, Yi Zi has become a more active member in the sea of Chinese characters. Yaoshan Township, developed from Yaojiafen Mountain, was originally the penultimate in Wendeng City, but now it is the first in Wendeng City and Weihai City. It is one of the top ten towns in Shandong Province and one of the top ten garden towns in China. It was also promoted by the State Council Tree as "Yaoshan Model", which made the word Yaozi frequently appear in major media and provincial and municipal propaganda organizations, which is undoubtedly correct.

In addition, the promotion of this ancient and unfamiliar surname, as a modern information means, the role of the Internet is also indispensable. At the beginning of this century, Ziguang 3 input method began to use Chinese characters, which made Chinese characters appear in modern and convenient network information and contributed to the popularization and use of Chinese characters.

3. Rooted in Henan.

Yishan, Shandong Province is the ancestral home of Yi descendants who moved from Yunnan in the early Ming Dynasty. It is not only recorded in the Yi family genealogy, but also recorded in more than 800 surnames that migrated from Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi in the early Ming Dynasty, which are completely consistent with each other. It shows that the ancestors of the early Yishan were immigrants in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, passing through Rongcheng, Qian Shan and other places and then arriving at Yishan, which has no historical basis. The word "Yi" first appeared in Cang Ba of Cao Wei regime, indicating that the ancestors of Yi nationality began in the Eastern Han Dynasty before the Three Kingdoms. Both the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty were in Luoyang, Henan. The upper class who was forced to change their surnames in the Eastern Han Dynasty should be in Henan in the Central Plains. Especially in the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu were the three pillars, and Cao Wei's regime only occupied the northern part of China in the Huanghuai Valley, but failed to govern the whole country. It is unlikely that the ancestors of the Yi people came from further regions or border areas.

The Yi Family Tree compiled in the Qing Dynasty records that the Yi family moved to Yishan in the second year of Hongwu in the early Ming Dynasty, and only recorded a migration of the Yi family 600 years ago. It is recorded that the Yi people moved from Yunnan, which should be one of the many Yi people who evolved from Han to Ming in 1000 years, but not all of them. Their roots should still be in Henan.