Appreciation of Yuan Zaju "Zhang Guobin Suoguo Temple Gongsun Sweater"

Appreciation of Yuan Zaju "Zhang Guobin"

Sweaters Together is called The Story of Sweaters, or The Story of the Sweaters of the Grandfather-in-law and Grandson of Suoguo, which describes the separation and aggregation of the rich Yi (Wen Xiu), mainly promoting feudal morality, but also exposing some social problems at that time.

The protagonist in the play is Zhang Yi. He is from Nanjing, lives in Zhugan Lane and runs a shoe store called Golden Lion. Everyone calls him Mr. Zhang Golden Lion. There are four people in his family, including his wife Zhao, his children and his wife Li Yu 'e. Although Zhang Yi is a rich man, he is very charitable, neither deceiving others nor being stingy. At the beginning, the author wrote that he saved the lives of two people, one was Zhao, and they were drinking and enjoying the snow in the street. Chen Hu was kicked out by the bartender because he couldn't afford the rent and meals. He was cold, and there was no food in his stomach. He contracted the symptoms of freezing weather, and he fell coldly in the snow. In order to accumulate "ghosts", Zhang Yi ordered someone to help him go upstairs, roast him with a cage fire, give him wine to eat, give him a cotton padded jacket to wear, give him five taels of silver for travelling expenses, and accept Chen Hu as his adopted son, putting him in charge of the family property. Zhao is a prisoner who was sent to Salmonella Island. Being cold and hungry, he begged for leftovers. Zhang Yi thought: "I wonder how many lives the government has lost"; What's more, the mother-in-law Ye Zhao's surname is Zhao, and Zhao "was not called a family five hundred years ago"; In order to "accumulate happiness", I gave Zhao twelve taels of silver and a cotton ball coat. My mother-in-law Zhao gave Zhao a gold hairpin as a travel expense. Before leaving, Zhang Yi emphasized the names of himself and his family and asked Zhao to be a "prison reporter". Chen Hu was scolded by Yi Cheung for trying to steal what Yi Cheung and his wife gave to Zhao to "make money" for himself. Zhang Yi used Chen Hu's own experience to educate Chen Hu: "He is entangled in the prison lock now, and he is trapped in the dust. You said he was a man for the first time, and he was lonely and poor for the rest of his life. When will he get the reward? Then you are alone, lost your soul, walking around the door, bulging your tongue, shaking your lips and singing, "Chen Hu, you are so poor." Zhang Yi also used kindness and enmity to teach Chen Hu: "He is in danger now. If you speak ill of him, he will hold a grudge against you, and he will avenge you both. Is this right or wrong? "Zhang Yi also used the ancients to enlighten Chen Hu;" You should learn to repay kindness like an elf, dropping out of school is as annoying as Pang Juan, and I advise you not to laugh at those who have lost time. Judging from Zhang Yi's help and Zhao's ideological motivation, his charity behavior is out of pity for the poor on the one hand and kindness to the poor on the other, and the latter accounts for a larger proportion than the former.

Consistent with the idea of kindness, Zhang Yi raised her children to "prevent old age". On one occasion, his son Zhang Xiaoyou and his daughter-in-law Li Yu 'e were deceived by Chen Hu and ran away without permission. He and his wife lost their lives and rushed to the bank of the Yellow River. He can't stand the blow of being separated from wealth; He can't stand the lonely and miserable life when his son is not at home. As he said to his son in his heart, "It's true that you left your hometown. Who will bring me wine and tea? " Out of anxiety about old age, he and his wife knelt by the river. "Zhang Xiaoyou boy if you don't get out, one day will be kneeling. Don't get off the boat for two days, kneel for two days. Thousands of people scold him and kill him. " He regretted it: "Good boys and girls are all flowers at the moment, so it is better not to raise him." He teaches his son and daughter-in-law; "How tall are your parents? Why don't you want to buy divination in heaven?" "What's more, it's not wise to have a wife." Zhang Yi's thoughts of "parents don't travel far away" and "raising children to prevent old age" are very common in a society where small-scale production is dominant, and in a society where "everyone sweeps the snow in front of the door and ignores the frost of others", which shows the empathy of the elderly.

It turned out that Li Yu' e was pregnant for 18 months and was not born. Zhang Xiaoyou was depressed. For the purpose of bullying his wife and hurting his husband, Hu flatters "Xuzhou Dongyue Temple is the most holy, with a jade cup, which is a page; Throwing flat is a daughter; An unnatural ball is a ghost. I am very good at doing business there, and I will make my money ten times. " Zhang Xiaoyou believed it, packed Gymboree, took his wife, and left with Chen Hu without saying goodbye to his parents. When Zhang Xiaoyou, Zhang Yi's son, wanted to be brothers with Hu Chen, he didn't agree, because he saw that Hu Chen had "some evil". Take your own money and things to help Zhao, and let him further realize the fierce face and the bad behavior of "remembering too little and forgetting too much". Deceiving his son and daughter-in-law to leave is another big exposure of Chen Hu's evil virtue of "lying". Zhang Yi reminded his son and daughter-in-law not to be fooled. Don't be deceived Dongyue Shen Ming won't care about "the doll in your belly"; He only believes that "God does not allow rape, and God can observe it" and "If you plant grain, you will reap, and if you plant hemp, you will reap". We are a family of good deeds, and tight encirclement does not miss anything. "This is the real idea in Zhang Yi's heart at this moment, another embodiment of his previous ideological motivation of caring for the poor and giving charity, and also the main spiritual pillar of his life.

Obsessed with ignorance, Zhang Xiaoyou threatened his father with death and had to go; Zhang yi thought again; As the saying goes, it is difficult to stay with your heart and pay attention to it. Retaining his son is to let him "enjoy his knees", and now it is not what Zhang Yi wants. So Zhang Yi had to agree to his son's request to leave. The author wrote two details of Zhang Yi's farewell to his son, which further revealed Zhang Yi's psychological state. First, Zhang Yi split his son Zhang Xiaoyou's close-fitting undershirt in half, and his son and daughter-in-law took half, and Zhang Yi and his wife took half, in order to: "I'm afraid you two won't come back in a year or so. When you think of me, seeing this half-sweatshirt is like seeing my two children. " I have a headache and a fever. When I miss you, seeing this half shirt is like seeing you two. "Another detail is that Zhang Yi bit his son's hand to let him know the pain and educated his son:" I bite you and you hurt. I think my lover jumped into the flowers from the water and picked you up. Today, you gave birth to all kinds of branches and left me. You said that you hurt, and my couple hurt more. " "I have no brothers under the house now. If I have to hide the yellow sand, I'll cover half the box of this shirt. Alas, it's easy for you to cry and mop. "The so-called" children are a piece of meat, and children are worried for thousands of miles. "Although Zhang Yi is a rich man, the sadness when he and his son were separated is typical in the feudal society of male chauvinism, and it can also touch the hearts of the audience.

Zhang Yi was willing to give kindness but didn't get a good return, and her adopted son was left unattended. As soon as my son left, the house caught fire, "as deep as a copper-headed courtyard" and "there was no tile in the fire" In the past, Mr. Zhang was prosperous and burned down. Mr. Zhang became Zhang Jiaohua, from a rich man who gave up the poor to a poor man who relied on the rich to give up. 18 years ago, Zhang Yi once sang while watching drinking and enjoying the snow on the street:

At the beginning of the cold, you said that the solstice of winter made me doubt spring. How can pears and catkins grow without sand? Pear flower falls, liu build by laying bricks or stones into a silver world, and make up the jade. I'm here for beautiful scenery and beautiful days, hanging brocade curtains, setting up fancy designs, stringing gold plates, arranging purple camels and pouring bottles of wine, which are full of goose yellow and tender. I am a prosperous city, and I am proud of the people in the dragon sleeve.

Eighteen years later, there was another heavy snow, but the carefree mood when enjoying the snow eighteen years ago was swept away:

Oh, but we are all old, and we should share what we want. Oh, my God. Oh, my God, it's my destiny to share this hunger and cold debt. I have no cover now, which makes me feel cold. Ken's snow is deep and windy. When you come at night, you dare not turn over or make a fist. God, then my husband and I will suffer in the hell of the ice hall. I knelt on the street here and looked at my grandpa and mom from the heart.

Oh, it was a cold winter day, and there was no rice and firewood in the broken tile kiln. I saw the frozen body, but no one expected to take a look. Who wants to bury their children underground? What the old people saw was left in this wilderness.

The former is full of food and clothing, and enjoys the snow; The latter is lonely and helpless, avoiding snow and hating it. The two feelings of the same snow scene vividly describe the changes in Zhang Yi's life and mood after he left his son, and the contrast is strong.

But after all, Zhang Yi is a person who doesn't believe in destiny and immortals. His life creed is "plant grains and reap hemp", which is also the spiritual strength that he and his wife can persist in living 18 years while begging and suffering along the street. "One good turn deserves another, and one evil turn deserves another. It's not like you don't report it. I will reimburse you then. " This day has finally arrived. Zhang Xiaoyou and Chen Hu fled together and were pushed into the Yellow River by Chen Hu. A fisherman saved him and became a monk in Jinsha Academy. Daughter-in-law Li Yu 'e was occupied by Chen Hu; Eighteen years later, his grandson, Chen Bao, won the first prize in martial arts, was awarded the post of governor, and went to Suoguoji to help the poor. Zhang Yi and his wife happened to go to Suoguo Temple to beg, and they met. The meeting between Sokokuji's grandfather and grandson, like the parting of father and son by the Yellow River, is a heavy scene for Zhang Yi. His wife found that the official of Sanzhai seemed to be her son Zhang Xiaoyou. He taught Zhang Yi to laugh, and Zhang Yi also laughed, and Zhang Yi also laughed. His smirk contains confidence in life and the joy of meeting his father and son. When his wife told him his great discovery, his first thought was "I'll beat this disciple." When he saw Paul Chen, he called him an "angry thief", which was the natural expression of his feelings of "longing for extreme hatred" and his anger that he longed to get together with his son but didn't get a response from the other side. Who knows that the "xianggong" in front of him is only eighteen years old and was born in the year when he was separated from his son; Zhang Yi guessed from Chen Bao's half-length T-shirt that her son was no longer alive, and she couldn't help crying in tears. Fortunately, although the "xianggong" in front of him is not a son, he is the son of his son, which is another happy event in Zhang Yi's great sorrow. Although Chen Bao didn't know that Zhang Yi and his wife were grandparents, he knew that they were "old relatives" ordered by his mother. Later, after Li Yu 'e's explanation, Chen Bao learned about his relationship with Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Yi, and the whole family was reunited in Jinsha Hospital where Zhang Xiaoyou was located. Zhao, who was assisted by Zhang Yi, was also appointed as an inspector at this time. He and Chen Bao captured Chen Hu alive together, and he turned around. "As you sow, you reap." The whole play ends with Zhang Yi's family garden. Zhang yi's charity, raising children to prevent old age, has gone through ups and downs and got his wish. Zhang Yi in this play is rich, but kind. On the one hand, he is good to his son, on the other hand, he is also good to the poor. A good motive is to get a good return, to have a sense of security in the old age, and not to lose one's life. Here, the idea that wealthy families get good results by doing good deeds has been popularized; At the same time, the pain after separation from Zhang's son and the joy after reunion reflect the importance of filial piety in maintaining family relations, the decisive role in the fate of the elderly, and the decisive role of punishing evil and promoting good to maintain the stability of the whole society and people's lives under the condition of private ownership. "Parents don't travel far" and "Do more good and do less evil" are not imaginary things that some people think of when they are shut up at home. They are based on the real life of feudal society, that is, there is no support for the old, everyone is for himself, and the world is cold, so many people, especially the elderly, pin their hopes on future generations, hoping that good and evil will be rewarded. This is the general psychology of ordinary people, especially the elderly.

At the end of the play, Zhang Yi sings:

A family of flesh and blood will get together in the garden, which is not shallow, just waiting to slaughter sheep and make wine and have a big feast. Most of them are just merciful, saying that I am from the Zhang family and have given a lot of money to help the poor. Today, my descendants are still worth a lot.

At this time, the prefect Li Zhi also went to Jinsha Garden on orders from the emperor:

I was asked to interview rumors and avenge the civilians. The family outside Bird is happy, and Li Yu 'e is married again. Chen Hu will be chopped to pieces, and he will give orders to the street.

These two paragraphs summarize the main idea of the whole play. The theme of Yuan Zaju is generally revealed by the lyric poems of the main characters at the end of the drama and the final judgments of the key characters. The advantage of this method is that after going through the complicated experience of the previous characters and the twists and turns of the plot, a general conclusion will be drawn, leaving a complete, clear and outstanding impression.

There are two desperate people in the play who get help from Zhang Yi, one is Zhao. About Chen Hu, he introduced himself: "I have done some inappropriate things before. Every time an old man in my village walks by:' Chen Hu, you turn us', I walk past the old man, and I can't get along without punching him. I didn't get a flower like a good wife and didn't come back. " This passage shows that Chen Hu is poor in economy and has ulterior motives. As soon as he changed from a poor man who was about to freeze to death to a "two-person turn", he took advantage of the situation and bullied Zhao, even the husband and wife, and finally ended up in "ruin" Zhao's economic status is not high, but his moral character is completely different. He came to the strip market to do business. When he saw a young man beating an old man, he went forward to remonstrate, but he wouldn't listen. His classmate passed by the young man and punched him, but he didn't want to kill him. The man who is a public official should pay for his life. Thanks to Liu Ge, Kong Mu saved his life. He died unexpectedly and went to Salmonella Island with 60 crutches. It snowed heavily in winter, and I was cold and hungry, so I got generous help from Teacher Zhang. Seeing that he is a righteous man with a rough road and a sword to help him, the minister of Salmon Island has repeatedly taught him to fight against thieves and given him the duty of inspection for his meritorious service. He is full of chivalry, the exact opposite of Chen Hu. And Zhao, two different roles, serve the theme of the whole play-"Good and evil are rewarded".

The characters in this play are complicated and tortuous, but the author weaves them in an orderly way. The first two folds mainly talk about Zhang's kindness and the separation of father and son, from rich to poor; The last two folds, it is written that good and evil are rewarded, and a family is reunited, from poor to rich. Eighteen years apart, omit not to write; Write about the division and combination of the Yi Cheung family. Among them, the undershirt, as a red line running through the plot and characters, makes the complicated characters' plots appear orderly. The first appearance of the undershirt was at the second discount, and Zhang Yi couldn't keep his son. He divided a sweatshirt into two halves, half for father and half for son, as a sign of meeting the day after tomorrow. This move shows Zhang Yi's foresight. In that chaotic society, "there are unexpected events in the sky, and people are doomed." His son ran away and was cheated. Where to go, more harm than good. There will be no future if father and son are separated; This move is another manifestation of Zhang Yi's confidence in life, that is: "If you plant grain, you will reap, and if you plant marijuana, you will reap." . Fate will never force him into a corner of a family that has accumulated kindness like him, and father and son will definitely meet. The undershirt appeared for the second time in the third game. Chen Bao, like his grandfather, was charitable and went to Suoguo Temple to help the poor. Out of pity, he gave his mother to Zhang Yi, an "old relative", to mend his clothes, and this so-called silk is a half-length undershirt that Zhang Yi gave to Zhang Xiaoyou by the Yellow River. Li Yu 'e called it a silk son instead of a sweatshirt, because he was subject to Hu Chen and didn't want to be subject to Hu Chen, but he was afraid of being hurt by Chen Hu. Although Chen Bao didn't know the secret, Zhang Yi knew the reason. But 18 years later, his own son is no longer alive. What is Li Yu 'e's plan at this time? What's the trend of Chen Hu now? He doesn't know. Therefore, although he knows that the "xianggong" in front of him is a grandson, it is inconvenient to recognize him rashly and go with him. The author's handling of this is not only in line with the psychology of Zhang Yi and his wife at this moment, but also leaves room for the later big group garden. It can be seen that the undershirt not only plays a penetrating role in the plot of the play, but also plays a good role in revealing the subtle psychological activities of many characters, especially the main characters at critical moments.