Where was Zhifu City in the late Qing Dynasty?

Zhifu (formerly Yantai) has a long history. Including the investigation and excavation in recent years, it is found that there are many primitive cultural sites in this area, such as Baishi Village, Zhishui, Wutai, Houmiao and Houqi Mine. According to the textual research of more than 200 relics with the unique style of Jiaodong Peninsula excavated from the site of Baishi Village in the urban area, as far back as six or seven thousand years ago, the ancestors of Zhifu lived together on the seashore at the foot of the mountain, from which the Tibetan people derived interest. The remains of the temple back and Zhishui site prove that people here had changed from simple fishing and hunting to animal husbandry and crop cultivation before the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties or at the beginning of the Three Dynasties. According to the available data, the emergence of residential areas in Zhifu area generally began in the Spring and Autumn Period, such as Zhifu Village (now known as Dafan) on Zhifu Island. Then there were Zhishui, Zhichu and Zhujiacun villages (east, west, south and north) in the Tang Dynasty. Wutai, Lan Song, Bulan and Xiyushu Villages in Song Dynasty; In the Yuan Dynasty, residential settlements such as Liangjia, Dongmajiadu and Ximajiadu were also formed. Generally speaking, the historical development of the whole town settlements in this area is mostly prosperous in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. According to the preliminary investigation and statistics of 1 15 natural villages in Zhifu township, 6 1 villages were built in the Ming Dynasty, accounting for 53% of the existing total; In the Qing Dynasty, 43 villages were built, accounting for 37% of the existing villages. Tracing back to the evolution process and formation and development factors of Zhifu urban residents' settlements, it can be divided into six stages.

The first stage: primitive society-the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, is the initial period of Zhifu residents' village.

For example, Zhifu Village (now called Dafan) was the earliest residential village in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The second stage: Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties (Southern Song Dynasty), is the formation and development period of Zhifu fishing village.

Judging from Qin Shihuang's trip to Zhifu and fishermen's activities at sea, it shows that coastal fishing villages have been formed at that time and marine fishing technology has also developed.

The third stage: Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty-before the Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty, these 700 years were the development period of multifunctional settlements in this area.

1. The formation and development of urban settlements with military functions as the mainstay. In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent Japanese invasion, the military command organization of "camp, garrison, station and village" and coastal defense facilities such as forts and smoke piers were set up in the coastal areas of Yantai, which led to a large number of urban settlements with the function of preventing Japanese invasion. The official establishment of Zhifu began with the establishment of Qishan Suo (commonly known as Yantai Suo Cheng), which is the oldest residential area in Zhifu. Due to the dense settlement centered on the city, the rapid increase of population and the continuous extension to the surrounding areas, as well as various reasons such as war and famine, immigrants continue to move in, making the scattered fishing villages in the natural kingdom gradually develop into satellite-like urban settlements. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (around 1550), "Lock City" residents spread all over Dongguan Middle Street, South Street, Xigou Street, Xihong Street, Yusheng Hutong, Cangpu Street, Dayang, Zhonghaiyang, Xiguan, Shangshan, Tongshen, Zhifu and Dongkou. Before Yantai opened to the outside world in the 1960s, the downtown area was centered on Tianhou Palace in North Street (commonly known as the Great Temple), Guangdong Street in the east, Haiphong Camp in the west, South Avenue in the south, Haiya Street in the back of the Great Temple and Fiona Fang, forming a commercial area of 3-4 square kilometers.

2. The formation and development of fishing ports and agricultural market towns. While setting up coastal defense facilities and strengthening the military command center, in order to meet the food needs of the military and civilians, the people have vigorously developed agriculture, fisheries and salt industry, resulting in a number of rural areas, fishing villages and Zhifu (Yantai) fishing ports. For example, the residents of Zhifu Dafu mainly fish, and the fishermen of Xisha King also make a living by ferry. Fishermen in Dongtan (now a bathing beach) dive to catch sea cucumbers and fish and crabs in spring, and after the flood season, they switch to agriculture. In order to adapt to the development of agricultural and fishery commodity exchange, natural markets such as Huang Wu, Chujia, Wutai and Shuizhi have been formed in some villages with convenient transportation.

3. The formation and development of urban agglomerations with domestic trade and transportation as their main functions. In Yuan Dynasty, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was changed from inland river transportation to maritime transportation. Under the condition of this historical and geographical change, Zhifu Island and other places in the city area have become important berthing points for grain carriers, and Zhifu Port, whose center of gravity moves southward along the coast, has gradually formed a famous port with both military and economic performance. The fourth stage: after the Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty-before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was the period of the formation and development of foreign trade ports and emerging industrial and commercial cities.

186 1 In August, Yantai established a trading port according to the Sino-British Tianjin Treaty, and Yantai (Zhifu) appeared as an international trading port. At the same time, comprador capital came into being. After that, the national industry also rose hard in the cracks. Maritime trade at home and abroad is increasing day by day, and new commercial areas are also expanding accordingly. Foreign companies and foreign businesses have been established in Chaoyang Street at the foot of Yantai Mountain and the main road in the east. Some China businessmen who serve companies and foreign companies have also set up shops here, and the residential areas along the Second, Third and Fourth Roads have also expanded accordingly. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, some small and medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises had set up factories and opened stores in the western part of Haiphong Camp (commonly known as Xiweizi), around Luoguoqiao, north and south of South Street and other places, and the number of manual workshops serving merchants or residents gradually increased. By 1930, the population of Yantai (Zhifu) has exceeded130,000. After more than half a century of historical changes, the network framework of Yantai's cities, towns and villages has basically taken shape.

The fifth stage: War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.

Coastal ports and towns were severely damaged by the war and remained in decline until the eve of liberation.

The sixth stage: after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the urban and rural group settlements flourished.

After nearly half a century of pioneering efforts, today, like the ancient city of Yantai, Zhifu, the central city of Yantai, has formed a huge urban network with 8 sub-district offices, thousands of streets, 5 towns and 1 15 natural villages, and has become a famous port city for foreign trade and tourism at home and abroad.