About the vikings and Britain

Viking mainly refers to the vikings in ancient Norway, so it is also called Viking.

At that time, different regions and tribes in Scandinavia were not as different as they are now. They speak the same language, believe in the same primitive religion and have similar lifestyles. However, they took very different routes. Vikings from Norway developed westward and successively entered Britain, shetland islands, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland and finally Canada. Danish pirates went south to attack the northern Netherlands, and then headed for Britain, France, Spain and the Mediterranean; Swedish vikings in the east entered the territory of Slavs and ruled the vast plains, and some of them even spread to Constantinople.

On June 8, 793, the Danes attacked Lindisfarne Island, which shocked Western Europe and Christian churches. After that, I went to England to harass and rob every year, then set up a strategic stronghold along the coast of England and then set out to harass the mainland. Since 866, Danes have made large-scale expeditions, gradually established immigrant areas in northeast England, and often invaded southwest England. In 878, King Alfred of Western Sahara defeated the Danes in the Battle of Iseni, and signed the Widmore Peace Treaty the following year. It is said that the Danes occupied the northeast of England, which was called the Danish area in history and existed until 975. In 99 1 year, England was forced to pay tribute to the Danes regularly. 10 13 the swan king of Denmark conquered the whole of England and became the king of Denmark and England. 1028, his son Knut the Great established the "North Sea Empire", whose territory includes Denmark, Norway, England, southern Sweden and most of Scotland. This is the heyday of the Viking era. 104 1 year The empire collapsed after Knut's death.

Danes and Norwegians also invaded the European continent alone or jointly. In 845, the Danes sacked Paris and Hamburg and besieged Rome. Subsequently, they attacked Italy and Iberian Peninsula together with the Norwegians, reaching as far as North Africa. In 9 1 1 year, Charles III of France signed the Treaty of St. crell with Rollo, the leader of Danish pirates, making Rollo a duke and giving the estuary of the Seine to the Danes. The Danes and some Norwegians established the Principality of Normandy here.

The last successful invasion of England took place in 1066. William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, defeated the British in the Battle of Hastings, and Normans from France and others came to settle here. In the following three centuries, French became the language of nobles, and the legal structure was influenced by the laws prevailing across the English Channel, and the social structure was also influenced to some extent.

Although Wales is often within the sphere of influence of the English, it has always been a fortress of the Celtics. However, after Prince Llewellyn was killed in 1282, Edward I of England of England launched a campaign and won, putting Wales under English rule. The national sentiment of the Welsh people continues to rise,1The uprising led by Irving Gellind at the beginning of the 5th century is an example. The joint decrees 1536 and 1542 integrated England and Wales administratively, politically and legally.

Most people who originally lived in Scotland were Picts. In the 6th century, Scots from Ireland settled in what is now argyle. The English lived in Lothian, while the British in Wales continued north to Strathclyde. In the 9th century, all parts of Scotland united against the Vikings. Throughout the Middle Ages, the powerful monarchy in England threatened the independence of Scotland.

The final union of England and Scotland showed that the religious differences at that time were more critical than the national hatred in the past. In England, Elizabeth I was succeeded by James VI of Scotland (James I, England) in 1603. although

In this way, England and Scotland have always been independent of each other in the17th century, except that they were forcibly unified under the rule of oliver cromwell. By 1707, realizing the benefits of closer political and economic union, the two sides agreed to establish a single British parliament. Scotland still retains its own judicial system and religious groups. However, during the reign of George I and George II, two Protestants of Hanover royal family, the relationship between England and Scotland became tense, and the James II Party launched two rebellions to try to restore the Stuart royal family who believed in Catholicism.

1 169 Henry II of England invaded Ireland. British Pope Adrian IV granted power to Henry II, the supreme ruler, because he was anxious to make the Irish Church obey Rome completely. Most of Ireland fell into the hands of Anglo-Norman dignitaries.

There were many kingdoms in Ireland in BC, but Ireland was not spared by the Viking invasion. By the 10 century, Ireland had become a unified kingdom of the Vikings.

So now the British, at least the British royal family, are actually descendants of the Vikings.