What does Xihe refer to in ancient times?

1. Hexi, also known as Hexi, is the area west of the Yellow River. For example, "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Meeted at Mianchi outside the Xihe River." "On Passing the Qin Dynasty": "So the Qin people handed over and took the outside of the Xihe River."

2. Xihe, Chengcheng County, Shaanxi Province ( 1) Overview of the Xihe River

The Xihe River is the largest main stream of the Luohe River. It is located 1.5 kilometers west of the county seat of Chengcheng County, Shaanxi Province. It originates from the East-West Valley of Yapanzhai, Zhaozhuang Township, and flows through Zhaozhuang and Zhaozhuang on the left bank. Luojiawa, Zhuangtou, Chengjiao, etc., the right bank flows through Liujiawa, Wangzhuang, Anli, Yaotou, etc., and merges into Luohe River in Suocun. The total length is 36.8 kilometers, the drainage area is 304.48 square kilometers, the average flow is 0.61m3/s, and the average ratio is 11.94‰. It is a perennial river; the average annual runoff is about 1911.83 cubic meters, accounting for 20.6% of the county’s total water resources. It is the main water source for human and livestock drinking and farmland irrigation in more than a dozen towns and villages north of Cigou, the county. It is one of the main ways of using water for industrial and agricultural development in the county, and is the main water source and lifeblood for the survival and development of the people in the county. Both sides of the Xihe River are areas with moderate soil and water loss, and water erosion is serious. Surface erosion and gully erosion are the main ones. The soil erosion modulus is 1450t/km2? year, and the total soil erosion amount is 441,500 tons/year. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, large amounts of organic matter, salts, etc. in the soil flowed into the Xihe River along with surface runoff, causing serious pollution to the water body.

The hydrological characteristics of the Xihe River are mainly affected by atmospheric precipitation. The river flow changes greatly seasonally. Generally, December to February is the dry season, July to September is the wet season, and April to May and October are the flat season. . The sediment content of rivers is positively correlated with precipitation intensity, and the environmental capacity of rivers is positively correlated with river water volume. The environmental capacity is generally larger in summer and smaller in winter and spring.

(2) Xihe and Wu Qi:

During the Warring States Period, Wu Qi, a famous general of the Wei State, guarded Xihe and resisted Qin and South Korea. In the seventeenth year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (409 BC), he captured Linjin (today's east of Dali, Shaanxi) and Yuanli (today's south of Chengcheng) in the Qinhexi area, and built these two additional cities. The next year, they attacked Qin to Zheng (now Huaxian County), built Luoyin (now south of Dali) and Heyang (southeast of today's Heyang), and occupied all the land west of Qin's Hexi (the land between today's Yellow River and the southern section of Beiluo River) ( See the Battle of Wei's Attack on Qin and Hexi), established Xihe County, and served as the governor of Xihe County. During this period, he "had seventy-six battles with the princes and won sixty-four", and "expanded the land on all sides and expanded the territory thousands of miles". Especially in the Battle of Yin and Jin in the 13th year of King Zhou An (389 BC), Wu Qi used 50,000 Wei troops to defeat the Qin army that was ten times the size of his own. It became a famous battle in the history of Chinese wars in which a small number defeated a large number. Wei State became a powerful vassal state in the early Warring States Period.

Marquis Wu of Wei once took a boat down the Xihe River with Wu Qi. When the boat reached the middle of the river, Marquis Wu said: "It is as beautiful as the mountains and rivers. This is the treasure of Wei!"

"Wu" "The Art of War", this ancient military work that ranks alongside "The Art of War" in our country's military history, was also born in Xihe. It was written by Wu Qi based on his many years of combat experience when he was the governor of Xihe.

The Xihe River during the Warring States Period was so spectacular that there is a poem describing the Xihe River in the Yuefu Poetry Anthology, which is currently missing.

(3) Wangxihe language comes from the ancient Yuefu "Long Song Xing". The poem goes: "Far travels make the mind wander, and wanderers are born in love. The wind blows the thorns, and the young branches and leaves are tilted. The yellow birds sing. Chasing each other, biting and biting to make good sounds. Standing and looking at the West River, weeping and touching Luoying." During the Warring States Period, Wu Qi, a native of the Wei Kingdom, said goodbye to his mother before he left the country. Senior officials such as prime ministers will not return to Weiguo. Later, his mother died and he finally did not go back. He once served as the guard general of Xihe in Wei State, but was forced to leave. When he left, he looked at Xihe and cried sadly.

3. Tributaries of the Yangtze River The Xihe River is a tributary on the right bank of the Yuxi River, a first-level tributary of the Yangtze River. It is a plain river that was gradually formed during the process of encircling and connecting polders. It is basically parallel to the east of the left bank of the Yangtze River. Historically, the Xihe River was the section from the gap to Bianjiaguai, and Bianjiaguai was collectively referred to as "Tianhe" or "Zhouhe" below. Among them, the downstream section from Makou Gate to the mouth of Huangluo River is part of the ancient Ruxushui. The entrance channel of the Xihe River gradually moves from the upstream to the downstream, which is a characteristic of the evolution of its water system. The earliest entrances to the river are Xin'anqiao and Liujiadu. After the Ming Dynasty, the polder mouths along the river were merged and river embankments were built, so that some tributaries leading to the river were enclosed in the polder. The upstream estuaries were supported by the river water level, and new outlets were found downstream. During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), the Liujiadu river estuary was blocked; during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), the Xin'an Bridge's river estuary was blocked and the steep gate of the Xin'an Bridge was built in the Xinmao year of Wanli (1591). Therefore, the entrance of the Xihe River moves to the middle and lower reaches. It mainly enters the river from the mouth of Nicha River through Nicha River; enters the river from the mouth of Shentang River through Magou River and Shentang River; and merges into Yuxi River from the mouth of Yuxi River through the mouth of Huangluo River. Entering the river and other three places. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1873), the two estuaries of Nicha and Shentang were blocked. At this point, the drainage outlet of the Xihe River was only left to enter the Yuxi River through the Huangluo River, which officially became a part of the Yuxi River. Large tributary. The Xihe River receives water from the Huangpi Lake system in Lujiang County. The main stream starts from the gap and flows eastward. It turns north when it reaches Hengshan, then turns eastward when it reaches Huanggunan. It passes through the Liangjiaba right and Naguogong River, and ends on the right of Hulongbei. From the Nahu Long River to the south of Xiang'an Town and to the Na Yong'an River; to Fenghuang Neck, there is a diversion river on the right bank leading south to the river through Fenghuang Neck Gate. The Fenghuang Neck Gate was built in 1952 and is mainly used to divert river water for irrigation and drainage to the Yangtze River after floods. , generally does not have a flood drainage effect during the flood season.

The Xihe River continues east and then turns northeast to flow to Changba in Wuwei County, then crosses the river at Zuonahua; passes through Tianqiao to the mouth of Huangluo River and flows into Yuxi River. The basin area is 2,224 square kilometers (including 602 square kilometers of water from Huangpi Lake), including 509 square kilometers of mountainous areas, 791 square kilometers of hilly areas, 869 square kilometers of plain areas, and 55 square kilometers of lake water. The total water catchment area of ??Huangpi Lake and Baihu Lake above the Xihe Gap is 1,138 square kilometers, mostly in hilly areas. The incoming water is regulated and stored by the two lakes and then flows to the Xihe River. From 1953 to 1960, Baihu Lake was reclaimed, which reduced the storage capacity of the upper reaches of the Xihe River. However, the Zhaohe River after dredging and regulation has connected Chaohu Lake from the gap and northeast to the mouth of Mawei River. At this point, the flood water above the gap has basically flowed into Chaohu via the Zhaohe River, and the water area below the gap from the West River into the Yuxi River is 1,622 square kilometers. The length of the river channel is 108 kilometers from the gap to the mouth of the Huangluo River. The upper mouth of the river channel is 110 meters wide and the bottom width is 45 meters, a decrease of 1/70000. Polder fields are concentrated on both sides of the river, with about 1 million acres of cultivated land. The river embankments are connected by polder embankments, and the flood control standards are still low.