Classical Chinese translation of <>

Any way to govern a country must first enrich the people. It is easy to govern when the people are rich, but difficult to govern when the people are poor. Xi Yi knows this? If the people are prosperous, the countryside will be peaceful and the family will be respected. If the town is peaceful and the family is valued, the people will be respectful and fearful of crime. If the people are respectful and fearful of crime, it will be easier to govern. If the people are poor, they will endanger their hometown and neglect their family. If they endanger their hometown and neglect their family, they will dare to challenge the superiors and violate the prohibitions. If the superiors violate the prohibitions, it will be difficult to cure them. Therefore, a country with good governance will always be rich, but a country with chaos will always be poor. Therefore, those who want to run a good country must first enrich the people and then govern them.

Translation

In general, the principle of governing a country must first make the people rich. If the people are rich, it will be easier to govern, and if the people are poor, it will be difficult to govern. How do you know this? When the people are prosperous, they will be content in their countryside and cherish their homes; when they are in their homes and love their homes, they will respect their superiors and fear punishments; if they respect their superiors and fear crimes, they will be able to govern easily. If the people are poor, they will be dissatisfied with living in the countryside and despise their homes. If they are dissatisfied with living in the countryside and despise their homes, they will dare to resist the emperor and violate the prohibitions. If they resist the superiors and violate the prohibitions, it will be difficult to govern. Therefore, a well-governed country is often rich, and a chaotic country is bound to be poor. Therefore, a monarch who is good at presiding over the country must first make the people rich and then govern them.

In the past, seventy-nine generations of kings had different legal systems and different orders, but why did they all rule the world? The country must be rich and have a lot of grain. My husband made the country rich and had plenty of millet, so he was born in agriculture, so the previous kings valued him. If there is an urgent need for the country, it must be banned first. If it is banned, the people will have nowhere to go and eat. If the people have no place to eat, they will have to farm. Civilian farming means cultivating the fields, and cultivating the fields will lead to an abundance of millet, and an abundance of millet will make the country rich. The rich country has a strong army, the strong army is victorious, and the victor has a vast territory. Therefore, the former king knew that the people, the strong army, the vast territory, and the rich country must grow from millet, so he banned the last work, stopped the ingenuity, and benefited the agriculture. Today is the last one to do wonderful things. He does it in one day and eats it in five days. What a farmer does all year round is not enough to feed himself. However, the people abandon their ability and fail to do anything. If one neglects one's ability and fails to do anything, then the fields will be barren and the country will be poor.

Translation

In the past, the monarchs of the past dynasties had different laws and orders, but they were able to unify the world. What is the reason for this? It must be because the country is rich and has a lot of food. Most of the country's wealth comes from agriculture, so the previous saint kings all attached great importance to agriculture. As long as it is an urgent matter to govern the country, we must first ban luxury industry and commerce and the manufacture of luxury goods. If these are banned, the people will not be able to wander around in search of food, and the people will have no choice but to engage in agriculture. When the people engage in agriculture, the land will be cultivated, and if the land is cultivated, the food will increase. When the food increases, the country will be rich. If the country is rich, the army will be strong. If the army is strong, the war will be won. If the army is victorious, the land will be vast. Therefore, the sage kings of the past generations understood that a large population, strong military strength, vast territory and national wealth must come from food, so they banned luxury industry and commerce and the production of luxury goods in order to facilitate the development of agriculture. Nowadays, people who are engaged in luxury industry, commerce and luxury goods production can eat for five days. Farmers work all year round but cannot maintain their families' lives. In this way, the people gave up agriculture and engaged in luxury industry and commerce. If you abandon agriculture and engage in luxury industry and commerce, the land will be barren and the country will be poor.

For ordinary farmers, there are not enough months but more than one year. If the expedition is urgent and there is no time, the people will lend double the amount to support the expedition. There is time for those who cultivate the land, but the benefits are not enough, so the people borrow twice as much to get mediocre income. Buying five in autumn and shedding in spring are double loans. Therefore, according to the above evidence, four times the amount is taken from the people, the rent from the customs market, the grain collected from the treasury, and the affairs of the public servants, these four times should also be doubled. A husband feeds four masters with one people, so those who flee are unable to be stopped by punishment, and the grain is scarce but the people have no accumulation.

Translation

In all agriculture, the characteristic of income is that it is often insufficient on a monthly basis, but may be more than enough on an annual basis. However, the government's tax collection was urgent and was not scheduled at the right time, so farmers had to borrow "one for two" loan sharks to cope with the tax collection. There are seasonal restrictions on plowing and weeding, but the rain may not be enough in time, so farmers have to borrow "one for two" loan sharks to hire people to water the fields. Merchants buy grain for "five" in the fall and sell grain for "ten" in the spring. This is another usurious loan of "one for two". Therefore, when the above levies are included, the number of doubled demands on farmers reaches four items, because the city's rent tax, the collection from the treasury, one-tenth of the grain levy and various labor services are all put together. - Added up throughout the year, it’s equivalent to a “one for two” loan shark. A farmer has to support four creditors, so the king can also punish those who flee from the country. This is because there is little food and the farmers have no savings.

To the east of Songshan Mountain, between the river and the river, fleas are born and killed later. Where the grains are eaten, there are four kinds and five harvests. A middle-aged man earns two shi per mu, and a husband earns 200 shi per mu. Nowadays, the barns are empty and the people have no accumulation. The farmers who make porridge have no skills to even it out. Therefore, the previous kings made it possible for farmers, scholars, merchants, and workers to make trades and exchanges, so that the benefits of the whole year would not be exceeded. This is achieved by uniting the people. When the people cultivate a field, there will be no treachery. If the fields are cultivated, there will be more millet, and if there is more millet, the country will be rich. If treachery does not occur, the people will rule. To be rich and rule is the way of a king.

Translation

From the eastern foot of Gaoshan to between the Yellow River and Ru River. The crop growth period is early and the withering period is late, making it a good place to increase grain production. Plant in all seasons and reap in all grains. In the medium-term, the annual yield per mu is two shi of grain. One laborer can plow a hundred acres and harvest two hundred stones. Today the country's granary is empty and the people have no savings. Peasants sold their sons and daughters because the monarch had no way to balance people's income. Therefore, the sage kings of the past generations always paid attention to the fact that even if farmers, scholars, merchants, and workers exchanged their industries, their annual incomes could not exceed each other. In this way, farmers specialize in agriculture and their income can be balanced with other industries. If farmers focus on farming, their fields will be cultivated, and no evil will happen.

If the fields are cultivated, the food will increase, and if there is more food, the country will become richer. If there is no such thing as cunning, the people will be in peace. Wealth and stability are the path to becoming a king.

A country without millet will perish; if millet grows, the dead will dominate; if millet grows, the dead will become the king. Millet is where the people return; millet is where the wealth is; millet is where the land is. If there are too many millets, the world's supplies will be exhausted. Therefore, Shun first moved to Chengyi, the second moved to Chengdu, and the second moved to Chengdu. Shun did not impose severe punishments and prohibitions, but when the people returned, those who left would be harmed, and those who followed would benefit. The former king was good at eliminating harm and bringing benefits to the people, so the people of the world returned to him. The so-called profit-promoting means benefiting farming; the so-called removing harm means forbidding harm to farming. If the farming is successful, there will be more millet, and if there is more millet, the country will be rich. If the country is rich, the country will be settled and the family will be settled. If the village is settled and the family is settled, the people will not be evil even if they change customs and habits and drive people to immigrate. This is the result of millet. If agriculture is unfavorable, there will be less millet. If there is less millet, people will be poor. If people are poor, they will underestimate the family. If the family is underestimated, it will be easy to leave. If it is easy to leave, the orders cannot be carried out. If the orders cannot be carried out, the prohibitions cannot be stopped. The prohibitions cannot be stopped. There is no need to win the battle, and the defense does not need to be solid. There is no need to carry out the orders of the husband, to stop the prohibitions, to win the battles, and to be strong in defenses. His destiny is to call him a parasitic king. This is disadvantageous to farmers and the shortage of millet. Millet is the skill of the king, the great task of the master, and the way of governing the country.

Translation

A country that does not produce food will perish. A country that produces food and eats it up can only dominate. A country that produces food and can eat it all can become a country. Wangye. Food can attract people; food can attract wealth; food can also expand territory. When there is an abundance of grain, all the products in the world will be available. Therefore, Shun led his people to move to An'an for the first time to develop farming and build a "city", to move to An for the second time to build a "capital", and to move to An for the third time to build a "state". Shun did not use severe punishments or bans, but the people followed him. Because if you leave him, you will suffer, and if you follow him, you will gain. The sage kings of the past generations were good at eliminating harm and bringing benefits to the people, so people all over the world attached themselves to him. The so-called profit is beneficial to agriculture. The so-called elimination of pests means banning pests from agriculture. When agriculture develops, food income will increase. When food income increases, the country will become rich. When the country becomes rich, the people will live in the countryside and cherish their homes. Although they change their customs and habits, drive and dispatch them to the point of killing, the people None of them are hateful. This is all the result of dedication to food production. If the ruler does not develop agriculture, there will be less food. If there is less food, the people will be poor. If they are poor, they will despise their homeland. If they despise their home, they will easily flee. If the people flee easily, the emperor's orders will not be "must be implemented". If the emperor's orders cannot be implemented, the prohibitions will not be enforced either. "It must be stopped". If the prohibition cannot be stopped, the war cannot be won, and the defense cannot be secured. Laws cannot be enforced. Prohibitions cannot be enforced, battles cannot be won, and defenses cannot be secured. This is called a parasitic monarch. These are the hazards of lack of food if agriculture is not developed. Therefore, increasing food production is the fundamental matter of becoming a king, a major task of the ruler, a way to attract people and a way to govern the country. I don't know if it is useful to you. You have many versions of governing the country. .

Khan