The historical development of the surname Lu

Origin: The surname Jiang comes from the Lu family given to Boyi by Emperor Shun in his later years. It is a surname based on the surname given by the emperor, the name of the tribe, the name of the country, and the name of the city where he lived. Its ancestor was Boyi. According to legend, the ancient tribal leader Shennong's Emperor Yan lived in the Jiangshui River Basin, so he took him as his surname and was named Jiang. During the reign of Emperor Shun, Boyi, a descendant of the Jiang surname, was the Zhizong in charge of etiquette and helped Shun manage the tribal alliance and made great political achievements. When Yu acted as the emperor, Boyi devoted himself to assisting Bi and became Yu's confidant, forming a marquis state with a territory of no more than seventy miles. Boyi was the first generation of Luhou in the Lu Kingdom and the ancestor of the Lu family. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Lu was a vassal state. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the thirty-seventh Miao Taigong after Boyi wanted Lu Shang to assist King Wen and King Wu in establishing the Zhou Dynasty. Because of his meritorious service, Lu Shang was the first to be granted the title of Taigong Lu Shang in Yingqiu, and he was named the State of Qi. Ding Gong Luji, the son of Hou Taigong, came to the throne. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancient Lu State and the Qi State coexisted for more than 300 years. When Lu Shang's 12th grandson Qi Huan Gong Lu Xiaobai, King Chu Wen sent troops to the north (679 BC). He took advantage of the Deng Kingdom in Nanyang to attack the Gushen Kingdom in Nanyang. After the State of Shen was destroyed by the State of Chu, the people of the State of Lu who were located to the west of the State of Shen were afraid that the State of Chu would send troops to attack, so a large number of people moved east to Xincai and established a new State of Lu, which was historically known as the State of Donglu.

After the Nanyang Lu State was destroyed by the Chu State, the descendants of the Lu State all took their surnames from their old country, forming the main line of the Lu family. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, after the Qi State founded by Lu Shang, the grandson of Luhou's branch, was destroyed by the Tian family, his descendants took the surnames of Lu and Qi respectively, and were called Lu family, Qi family, Jiang family, etc., and they lived scattered in Han, Wei, The land of Qi and Lu was known as the authentic Lu family in history, and it was the Nanyang Lu family. Most people of the Lu clan respect Boyi as the ancestor of their surname.

According to historical records, a part of the surname Lu north of Anyang, Henan, came from the surname Gao. Origin 2 comes from Ji's surname Wei. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Prince Chong'er of Jin State fled away, and among his followers was a man named Wei Jie, also known as Wei Wuzi. After Chong'er returned to Jin and became the king, he made Wei Ji a doctor. Wei Ji's son Wei Qi had fiefs in Lu and Chu, so everyone called him Lu Qi. The descendants of Lu Qi took the fiefdom as their surname and called it the Lu family.

According to the "Yuan of Surnames" and "Tongzhi Clan Briefing", there was a Lu family in the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period, which was derived from the Wei family. The hometown of the Lu people in Shanxi was annexed by the State of Jin. The Marquis of Jin used this place as a fief and awarded it to the Wei family, a noble family surnamed Ji. Although the descendants of the Wei family belong to the Jin clan and have the surname Ji, they still use the old name of Lu because they were granted the title of Lu people. During the reign of Duke Hui of Jin Dynasty, there was a minister called Lu's nephew. Volume 41 of "Minutes of Reading History Fangyu" Volume 41 of Huozhou Lucheng Article: "Three miles to the west of the state, the hometown of Lu was the hometown of Lu in Jin Dynasty. Today there is Lupi. It is ten miles to the southwest of the state. It is also named after Lu's nephew. In the Sui Dynasty, Lu was established Zhou." Lu Yi was later annexed by the Jin Dynasty, and the descendants of Lu's nephew took Yi as their surname, forming the surname Lu. It is the Lu family in Shanxi. The third origin comes from ethnic minorities who changed their surnames. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he implemented Sinicization. The original Xianbei clan's northern surnames Chilu and Chiqiu were changed to the single surname Lu in Chinese characters. In the Zhou Dynasty after the Five Dynasties, the surname with three characters in the north was changed to Lu Ling with a single surname in Chinese characters.

Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi·Clan Brief" records that the Xianbei people originally had compound surnames such as Chilu and Qiluling. After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he changed the compound surname of the Xianbei people into a single-character Han surname, and changed the Chi Lu family name to Lu. In the later Zhou Dynasty, the surname Zhi Luling was changed to Lu. The Biqiu and Deputy Lu surnames listed in "Tongzhi Clan Briefing" were all changed to Lu. Origin 4: Originated from other ethnic minorities, which are Hanized and changed their surname to Lu. The Lu people are distributed among today's Li, Mulao, Tu, Mongolian, Tujia, Korean and other ethnic minorities. Most of their origins are from the control policies implemented by the central government in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Mi policy and the movement of returning natives to Liu, the Liu family was changed to the Han surname Lu, which has been passed down from generation to generation to this day.

It originated from the surname Ren and belonged to the country where the Ren family was enfeoffed. According to "Zuo Zhuan": Ren surnames include Xie, Zhang, Xue, Shu, Lu, Zhu, Zhong, Quan, Bi and Guo. It is said that all the ten countries have different surnames.

The surname Ren is the surname of the Yellow Emperor's youngest son. He was enfeoffed in the Ren Kingdom. The Ren family's power expanded and established ten small kingdoms, and Bi was one of them. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, there were ten surnames: Xie, Zhang, Xue, Shu, Lu, Zhu, Zhong, Quan, Bi, and Guo. They were all feudal lords of the descendants of Ren. branched off. According to a sentence in "Zuo Zhuan": "I dare not argue with you Ren", the so-called "Zhu Ren" refers to these ten surnames, which are the surnames of the Western Zhou aristocrats, so they are not willing to argue with them. It can be seen that the Ren family was not willing to argue with them at that time. Prominence of the clan. The ancestor of the surname Lu was a descendant of Boyi, and his surname was Jiang. He was the ancestor of the Four Mountains. Because of his meritorious service in helping Xia Yu control floods, he was granted the title of Marquis of Lu and established the Lu State, a vassal state with the surname Jiang (the capital of which is now Nanyang, Henan Province). During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Lu was annexed by the State of Chu, and its descendants took the country as their surname and called it the Lu family. Historically, it was known as the Zhengzong surname of Lu. He respected Boyi as the founder of the country.

Bo Yi. According to legend, the leader of the ancient Chinese tribes, Emperor Yan Shennong, took Jiang as his surname because he lived in the Jiangshui River Basin. Later, it developed eastward to the Central Plains area, mixed with the Yellow Emperor's tribe, and was divided into four phratry groups (i.e., the Four Mountains). Boyi once assisted Emperor Yao in taking charge of the Four Mountains, and later assisted Dayu in flood control, and became Dayu's "Xinlu Zhichen (confidant minister)" ", so he was named Luhou. Both the Shang and Zhou dynasties were vassal states. In the early Spring and Autumn Period (680 BC), the Lu State was destroyed by the Chu State. After that, the descendants took the country as their surname and scattered in Korea. , Wei, Qi and Lu, the surname Lu was known as Zhengzong in history, and Boyi was listed as the ancestor of the surname Lu. The birthplace of the surname Lu should be in the area west of Nanyang in today's Henan Province. During the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States periods, the surname Lu should have spread in Xi'an, Shaanxi, Dongping, Shouzhang, Shandong, Shouxian, Fengtai County, Anhui, and other places.

Before the Spring and Autumn Period

More than 4,000 years ago, Boyi, who came from the tribe surnamed Jiang, had the state of Lu. After the state of Lu was destroyed, some of Boyi’s descendants took the state as their surname, and then there was the name Lu. Surname. (Note that they are some but not all of the descendants. Other descendants of Boyi are named Qi, Xu, Shen, etc.). At that time, not only were there a small number of surnames, but also a small number of surnames. The Lu family As a sub-surname, it is one of the earliest surnames in Chinese history.

With the course of history, in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the descendants of Boyi who had Lu as their surname once again divided the big Lu family into many smaller ones, and successively changed the Lu family name to other characters. . According to the available information, by the early Spring and Autumn Period, only Jiang Ziya continued to use Lu Zuo's name, calling Jiang's surname Lu's name Shang. (2,600 years ago, the Lu Qi clan, which originated from the surname Ji, also began to use the surname Lu Zuo to multiply in Hedong County. Some of the descendants of this Lu later changed to use another character for their surname, while others continued to use the surname Lu Zuo. As time passed, the descendants of the surname were lost and their accurate lineage could not be traced back. They recognized Lu Shang as their ancestor and merged into the current Lu surname)

Qin Dynasty

In the Qin Dynasty, they spread again to the north and west, with the most prosperous population in southwestern Shanxi, and later became a prominent local family. By the Han Dynasty, people with the surname Lu were mainly distributed in present-day Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and other places, and were scattered in parts of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Among them, the Lu family, which thrived in Dongping, Shandong and Huainan, Anhui, also became a prominent local family in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The migration of people surnamed Lu to the south began in the Han Dynasty, either to Zhejiang, Jiangsu, or to Hubei, Yunnan, and Sichuan. The large-scale migration of the Lu surname to the south began in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Afterwards, two prominent families were formed in southern China. One is the Jinhua Lu family, with Lu Qian as the ancestor; the other is the Jinjiang Lu family.

Han Dynasty

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, one of Lu Shang's descendants lived in Haiqu County, Zhonglangli County (today's west of Rizhao, Shandong). In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the politics were dark, the eunuchs were dictatorial, the government was ruthless, and the people were in dire straits. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, one branch of the Lu family had moved to Jiuyuan County, Wuyuan County (now west of Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Lu family in Wuyuan was represented by Lu Bu.

Two Song Dynasties

The Two Song Dynasties were the heyday of the development of the Lu surname. During this period, many politicians and thinkers with the Lu surname emerged, thus greatly increasing the influence of the Lu surname. force. It also established its status as a popular surname in China. In the early Song Dynasty, Lu's name was listed as the 22nd in "Hundred Family Surnames" compiled by an old Confucian from Qiantang.

Immigration to Taiwan

Taiwanese people with the surname Lu immigrated from the mainland. It began in the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684). There were brothers Lu Asi and Lu Ananke from Quanzhou, Fujian. It was developed in Yingge Town, Taipei County. This surname of Lu is said to be the descendant of Lu Xiangjian, a great scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty. After Lu Zuqian, he moved from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province to Guizhou, and then moved from Guizhou to Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. Later, he moved from Zhangzhou to Quanzhou, and some of them moved to Guangdong. Since the Lu A brothers came to Taiwan, there has been a steady stream of Lu Wu who moved to Taiwan from Fujian and Guangdong for reclamation, with the largest number coming from Taipei County, followed by Chiayi County. When Japan occupied Taiwan in 1895, it forced the people with the surname Lu to change their surnames to Japanese surnames such as Miyamoto. It was not until the liberation of Taiwan in 1945 that the Taiwanese surname Lu returned to their ancestral surname. In 1949, when the Kuomintang regime retreated to Taiwan, some people with the surname Lu immigrated from the mainland, expanding the number of people with the surname Lu.

Moving overseas

From the late Ming Dynasty, people in the southeastern coastal areas were forced to make a living and ventured into "Nanyang". Among them was Lu. At the end of the 19th century, many poor people went to the United States and Canada, and the surname Lu followed them to the Americas. The 20th century was a century of openness, and more people with the surname Lu went overseas to seek development. The overseas surname Lu is most concentrated in Southeast Asia.