History of Jizhou

The concept of Jizhou not only has its geographical meaning, but also its administrative division meaning, both of which change with the times.

In 770 BC, Chinese history entered the Spring and Autumn Period. The Zhou Dynasty divided the world into twelve states, and Jizhou was divided into Youzhou and Uighur. The land in Jixian County belongs to the jurisdiction of Xianyu State in Bingzhou area. Xian Yuguo Ji's surname is Di, also known as Di, because she likes to wear white clothes. In 1 1 century BC, his brother was named the Tang marquis of the state of Yu in the west, and later changed to the title of Jin. In the thirty-first year of the week (489 BC), Xian Yu was destroyed by Jin. Jixian County is also under the jurisdiction of Dongyang area of Jin State (now the vast area east of Taihang Mountain). In 475 BC, it entered the Warring States period in history. The first jade people established Zhongshan State in 4 14 BC, which was very powerful. Sun Yat-sen was established in Jixian County on June 1st. In 296 BC, that is, 20 years, after Zhao Yiyan's teacher destroyed Zhongshan, the land of Jixian County was under the jurisdiction of Zhao (whose capital is now Handan). In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, abolished feudalism, established counties, and designated the world as 36 counties. Jizhou belongs to Julu County (which governs Hebei, Xing, Heng and Bei, and is located in Pingxiang County today). Now Xingtai, Zhixindu County. According to historical records, the name "New Capital" originated from Zhao Chenghou, and Zhao Chenghou was ambitious. In order to show his determination and confidence to "keep his word, keep his word and spread the word all over the world", Xing changed it to "new capital".

During the Western Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction of counties all over the country basically followed the Qin system. But in order to defend the royal family, Liu Bang also enfeoffed a few sons and nephews with the same surname. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Qin Julu County was divided into Xindu County, Changshan County and Qinghe County. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu's reign (20 1 year BC), he began to believe in Ducheng County. (Because of Changshan Wang and Wang Wei, the capital Xingtai was renamed, and the name of Xindu was moved to Jixian County. ) Liu Xian County is located in the west of the county. Xindu and Fuliu belong to Xindu County, and Xindu County belongs to Jizhou. There are 16 counties outside the county, namely Biyang, Fuliu, Great Wall, Guanjin, Dongxiang, Kunming, Li, Pingdi, Wuyi, Guang Chuan, Nangong, Dongchang and Xiliang. County governs the new capital. In the sixth year of Lv Zhi after the Han Dynasty (BC 182), Zhang Yi, the grandson of Zhang Er (the son of Princess Luyuan, the eldest daughter of Liu Bang) in Wang Zhao, was designated as Hanguguan Capital, and Hanguguan County was changed to Hanguguan Capital. After Zhang Qian committed the Zhu Lu Rebellion, the country was excluded. In 155 BC (the second year of Emperor Han Jing), the eighth Prince Peng Zu was made King of Guang Chuan in Hebei, and the capital was changed to Guang Chuan. The first two years (BC 153) were changed to Xindu County. In the first year of the Central Plains (BC 149), Liu Yue was made King of Guang Chuan and Guang Chuan was restored.

In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 106), the central government of Qin was directly under the jurisdiction of 40 counties, which was inconvenient. So a first-level administrative organization was added to the "county", which was divided into 13 secretariat departments in addition to the Lisi Department near the capital. Because it is named after the states where Yu Gong and Zhou Li are located, it is also called thirteen states. Among them, Jizhou governs four counties and six countries, and Jixian belongs to Guang Chuan. Jizhou secretariat includes all of Handan, Xingtai and Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province, most of Hengshui, southwest of Baoding, a small part of Cangzhou, three or four counties in the northern end of Henan Province and three or four counties in the western end of Shandong Province. The secretariat department has one secretariat, "no need to town". In the 5th year of Jianyuan (136 BC), Liu Qi was named King of Guang Chuan, and in the 4th year of Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty (70 BC), he was also named Xindu County and transferred to Jizhou Secretariat Department. In the fourth year of Dijie (66 BC), Guang Chuan was sealed again. In the fourth year of Ganlu (50 BC), it became Xindu County. In the second year of Emperor Zhao Jian of the Han and Yuan Dynasties (37 BC), Liu Xing, the third prince, was made king of the capital, and Guang Chuan was changed to the capital. In the second year of Hanyang Shuo (23 BC), Xindu County was restored. In the second year of Jianping, Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty (5 BC), he was made king of the capital and returned to the capital. Before the Han dynasty, the county (country) was added with the first-level administrative unit of the secretariat. Jizhou secretariat rate of eleven counties (countries) 155 counties, Jizhou secretariat patrol impermanence. Jizhou in the Western Han Dynasty has nothing to do with Jixian today, whether from the jurisdiction or the jurisdiction.

In the new dynasty (9 years), Wang Mang changed Xindu County to Xinbo Pavilion and Xindu County to Xinbo.

In the first year of Jianwu (25th year), Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty changed Xindu County to Chang 'an State, which governed Xindu. 15 years (72 years), Yongping, Ming Di, made Liu, the sixth prince, king of Lecheng, and changed Chang 'an to Lecheng. In the first year of An (122), Zhang Zhisun was named King of An Ping. Change Le to the country of Anping, and set Jizhou to govern this area, which governs thirteen counties (Xindu, Fucheng, Fuliu, Nangong, Jing, Wuyi, Guanjin, Tangyang, Wusui, Raoyang, Anping and Shenze). In jizhou city, Han is working on the Zhao Zheng Monument in Anping. In the first year of Zhong Ping, Emperor Ling (184), except for the country, it was changed to Anping County, and the county ruled the letter capital. At this time, the Yellow Scarf Army of Julu people attacked Jizhou City. In the first year of Xian Di Chuping (190), Dong Zhuoju took Han Fu as Jizhou's shepherd. According to Old Records, Xie Jiean said (citing Hanshu) that Yuan Shao was in the Han Dynasty, starting his troops, chasing Han Fu and taking charge of animal husbandry in Jizhou. At that time, it was the second year of Chuping (19 1 year), and there were four known states: Qing, You, He and Ji. With their sons Yuan Shang and II, they are both in Ye Zhen (now Ye Zhen, Linzhang County, and now Yecheng, where Yuan Shao's tomb is located). Jizhou secretariat has jurisdiction over Anping, Changshan, Zhongshan, Hejian, Qinghe, Zhao, Julu, Bohai and Weijiu counties, as well as more than 100 states (counties), where it governs (now Baixiang County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province). The secretariat of Jizhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty was wider than that in the Western Han Dynasty, with a small number of Cangzhou, Langfang and Tianjin added.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Ministry of Han Dynasty was abolished, and the organizational system of "Zhou" was set up, which became a three-level administrative unit of state, county and county. In the ninth year of Jian 'an (204), Cao Cao defeated Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, sons of Yuan Shao, occupied Jizhou and took charge of animal husbandry in Jizhou. In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Cao Cao was named Duke Wei, with ten counties including Jizhou and Hedong. According to Wei Zhi Wendi Ji, Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty abdicated in 5438+00, and in June 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, and the title was changed from Yankang to Wei because of the name of Cao Cao. From this year on, China entered the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, the jurisdiction of Wei Jizhou was roughly the same as that of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the second year of Huangchu in Wei Wendi (22 1), because Yecheng was one of the five capitals (Chang 'an, Qiaocheng, Xuchang, Ye and Luoyang), Jizhou Prefecture moved to Xindu, and Anping County also managed Xindu. Xinzhou is under the jurisdiction of three levels, and Jizhou and Jixian have been linked since then.

In the year of Sima Yan Yuan in the Western Jin Dynasty (265), Sima Fu was named King Anping, Anping County was changed to Anping Prefecture, and the Han system was still adopted, and the state ruled the capital. Jizhouling 13 counties and countries: Anping, Julu, Zhao, Pingyuan, Laoling, Bohai, Zhangwu, Hejian, Levin, Boling, Qinghe, Changshan and Zhongshan. Anping led eight counties: Xindu, Fuliu, Xia Bo, Guangzong, Jing, Guanjin, Wuyi and Wusui. Fucheng County was merged into Xindu (according to the annals of Daqing County). According to Fan Ju's records, in the fifth year of Jin Taikang (284), Wang Fu's great-grandson, former Anping, was made King of Changle, and Anping was changed to Changle. In the summer of 309, the third year of Huai Yongjia, Jizhou was captured by Zhao, the leader of Jie tribe, killed Wang Bin, the capital of Jizhou, and moved Jizhou from the capital to China. There are three states, and Jizhou governs Jizhou.

From 3 17 to 420, it entered the period of sixteen countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There are Houzhao, Yan Qian, Qianqin and Houyan in Jizhou area, and the administrative divisions basically follow the Western Jin Dynasty. To Jilong, Jizhou governs Changle County. Yan Qian and Murong Di of Xianbei tied for Ran Min. Li Xin moved the capital to Jizhou again. Fu Jian, a former Qin Imperial, moved to Cao Zhen in Murong Yong and Zhou. Rong Chui claimed to be Hou, and moved to Jizhou Xindu according to Zhongshan (now Wanxian County, Hebei Province). In 439, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, changed to the Northern Dynasty, and confronted the Southern Dynasty, which was called the "Southern and Northern Dynasties" in history. In the first year of Tuoba GUI in the Northern Wei Dynasty (396), Jizhou was established to govern Xindu, governing Changle, Wuyi and Bohai counties. Changle County has eight counties under its jurisdiction: Lingxindu, Fuliu, Tangyang, Zaoqiang, Thoreau, Guang Chuan, Nangong and Xia Bo. 5 15, June, Xuan Wudi extended, Northern Wei Dynasty, Daochang Faqing rebelled in Jizhou. In 53 1 year, Gao Huan led the troops to the capital and set out to pacify Hebei. Gao Huan was in charge of the Eastern Wei Dynasty for sixteen years, and was honored as the Emperor of Qi SHEN WOO after his death. In the Northern Qi Dynasty (560), it was merged into the new capital, and the county ruled the new capital and the state ruled the leaves. Therefore, at this time, the jurisdiction of Jixian County is mainly Xindu County (A Brief History of Counties and Counties in Hebei Province, The Book of Jin Ji County Annals).

After Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, China moved from separatist regime to unification. Due to the vast territory, the state was changed to a county and the county system was implemented. At that time, there were 190 counties and 1255 counties in China. After the Sui Dynasty, Jizhou, as a first-class administrative region, disappeared from historical records. The first administrative region of the Sui Dynasty was the county. The jurisdiction of Jizhou is getting narrower and narrower. Jizhou in Han Dynasty was located in the south-central part of Hebei Province, which was equivalent to a county in Han Dynasty in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In 583, Emperor Wendi opened the emperor for three years, and the strike county was Jizhou, and the state ruled the capital. Six years, divided into Duxian and Changle counties. 16 years, Changle County was placed under Zecheng County (Fuliu County). In the third year of Yang Di Daye (607), Xindu was renamed as Changle County, and in the same year it was abolished as Xindu County, which governed eleven counties of Changle, Tangyang, Hengshui, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, Kunming, Nangong, Wuqiang, Lucheng, Xia Bo and Fucheng. In 12, it was renamed Xindu County (see Ji County Records, Ji Zhou Records and Sui Shu).

According to Fan Zhi and Tang Shu, in the early years of Wude in Tang Gaozu, the county was changed to state, and the county satrap was changed to state secretariat. In four years (62 1), Xindu County was changed to Jizhou, and Lingxindu, Tangyang, Nangong, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, Hengshui, Fucheng, Jun and Wuqiang were the governing capitals. Liu Heita fell to Jizhou in December. After the Western Jin Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Jizhou was reduced, and the Tang Dynasty only included these nine counties. In the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), the mountains and rivers were convenient, and the world was divided into ten roads, namely, roads, prefectures (counties, prefectures) and counties. Jizhou belongs to Hebei Road (under the jurisdiction of 20 Kyushu). At that time, "all faiths were hoped for, and all counties were covered" (Records of Yuanhe County). "Hoping for prosperity" (Book of the Tang Dynasty). In 662, Tang Gaozong Longshuo changed Jizhou to Weizhou. Xianheng three years (672), renamed Jizhou. In the first year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (742), Bazhou was the new capital county, leading nine counties. In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Ba County returned to Jizhou, belonging to Hebei Road, leading Xindu (household 16023, population 72673), Nangong, Tangyang, Zaoqiang, Wuyi and Hengshui counties. In the second year of Tianhua in Tang Aidi (905), it was changed to Duyao County (Wangwang) and transferred to Jizhou. According to the taboo list in the 56th edition of the newly selected Hanhe Dictionary, Huang Zhu, the great ancestor of the Five Dynasties Liang Dynasty, changed his name to Du Yao for fear of his own name. Tian Ping took Jizhou in four years.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it was still Duyao County according to the Tang Dynasty, and soon it was re-established as Xindu County, which belonged to Jizhou and ruled Xindu by the state (according to Hebei Tongzhi).

After the establishment of the Song Dynasty in 960 AD, in the second year of Daofa (997), Zhao Guangyi, Song Taizong, replaced Daofa in the Tang Dynasty with Daofa, and divided the world into fifteen roads, and Jizhou belonged to Jidong Road. Hebei East Road governs the country and commands three states and eleven states. In the first year of Xining (1068), Zaoqiang Province entered Xindu County as the town. After ten years' re-analysis, Xindu County still belongs to Jizhou, and the state governs Xindu. Jizhou city Lingxindu, Nangong, Zaoqiang, Wuyi, Kunming, Hengshui and Fucheng counties. Song Renzong celebrated its eighth year (1048) and was promoted to Yong ying as Wu 'an Army Day. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Gaozong Jianyan was in the second year (1 128), Jizhou belonged to the State of Jin, and Emperor Taizong was in the seventh year (1 129). Jizhou is still the capital of Hebei, belonging to Hejian House and placed under Hebei East Road. In the sixth year of Jin Zhangzong Taihe (1206), the Mongolian army captured Jizhou. In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (12 19), Mongolian Zhang Rou led the troops south, and Yuan Taizu took Jizhou in the eighth year (see Ji County Records and Song Shu).

After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, 127 1 established the Yuan Empire, and the national administrative divisions were changed to four levels: road, state and county. From the first year of Shizu to the Yuan Dynasty (1264), Xindu County was merged into Jizhou. Jizhou belongs to the true way, and it is placed under the Su Zheng Lianfang Department of Yannan Hebei Road, which governs Hebei, Shenzhen, Shanxi and Lisizhou. Jizhou leads the five counties of Xindu, Nangong, Zaoqiang, Wuyi and Xinhe, and the state governs Xindu. In two years, Xindu County was rehabilitated (see Ji County Records and Yuan History). In the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Ping, Yuan Shundi, Jizhou was captured by the Ming Dynasty.

1368, after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zhu Yuanzhang abandoned the road and stood in the early Ming Dynasty. Calm down the government to lead Hebei, Ding, Jin, Zhao and Shen. Jizhou leads Nangong, Xinhe, Zaoqiang and Wuyi counties. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), the state ruled the trust capital and abandoned the trust capital county, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Jizhou and belonged to the real government. Since the beginning of this year, people from Hongdong, Yuci, Shandong and other places in Shanxi have begun to immigrate to our region. According to "Old Records", since the Ming Dynasty, Jizhou has become a "giant state of Guinea" because of its assistance to Kyoto. Jizhou City is a fairly large city near Beijing, which is known as "the first male capital of Jizhou" and "the ancient metropolis".

In the early Qing dynasty, it still followed the Ming system. The first year of Yongzheng (1723) was changed to Zhengding House, and Jizhou belonged to Zhengding House. In June of the second year of Yongzheng, Jizhou was changed to Zhili, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the Chief Secretary. Xindu is still under the jurisdiction of Jizhou, a waste county. Apart from Nangong, Xinhe, Zaoqiang, Wuyi and Hengshui, the state governs the capital. This is the smallest period in Jizhou jurisdiction in history.

In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the Ministry of Internal Affairs stipulated that the local administrative division of China was divided into three levels: province, province and county. It is a famous road to abandon the state system and change Jizhou into Jixian. In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Jixian belonged to Hebei Province (see Ji County Records, Ji Zhou Records and Hebei Tongzhi).

With the rise and fall of historical dynasties, the scope of administrative divisions in Jizhou has experienced a development and evolution process from large to small. During the Han Dynasty, Jizhou was in the south-central part of Hebei. Sui Dynasty was the second short-lived dynasty in the history of China. It did not have time to carry out major political changes, but changed the state into a county, and it was still under the Han system. Jizhou belonged to Hebei Road in Tang Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was about equivalent to that of a county in Han Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, Jizhou belonged to Hebei East Road. "Tao" and "Tao" in Tang and Song Dynasties have the same nature, but their names are different. Under it, the Tang Dynasty was a county and the Song Dynasty was a state. You can often see the exchange of state names and county names in history books. The number of counties under its jurisdiction is slightly different. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hebei Province was under the central government of Zhili, and it was an important place in both capital and capital. In Qing Dynasty, Jizhou was Zhili Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Zhili Province. 19 13 The word "Jizhou" was replaced by Jixian. It has never been used as an administrative division since then.