Why is Russia's land area and population distribution so uneven?

I. Reasons for population distribution:

1. Natural reasons: most parts of the Russian Far East and Siberia are extremely cold and the environment is harsh, which is not suitable for human survival. The climate in some parts of Europe is relatively mild, so the population is concentrated in the west (European part).

2. Socio-economic reasons: Russian industry and agriculture are mainly concentrated in the west, with developed transportation, so the population is concentrated; Due to the harsh environment in the eastern region, the development of industry and agriculture is slow, the traffic conditions are backward and the population is sparse.

3. Historical factors: Russia is a European country in history, and its European part has a long history of development and a large population. The Asian part is a territory acquired by later expansion, which has a short history, has not been effectively developed and has a small population.

Second, the characteristics of population distribution:

The population distribution in Russia is extremely uneven, with an average of 52-77 people per square kilometer in the developed western regions, reaching 26 1 in some places and less than 1 in the tundra in the northeast. The ethnic composition in the Caucasus is the most complex, with about 40 ethnic groups living here. Most residents believe in the Orthodox Church, followed by Islam.

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the population of Russia has been decreasing. The administrative regions at the national level are composed of 85 federal entities (including two administrative regions merged in recent years). Of the 83 uncontroversial administrative regions, 63 are decreasing in population and 20 are increasing. These 20 areas with increasing population are mainly concentrated in the western half of the capital Moscow. The problem of population loss in Russia's Far East and Urals is very prominent. Demographic statistics show that the population currently living in the Russian Far East is only 6.29 million, which has decreased by 6% in the past eight years.

During the 26 years from 1992 to 20 17, the population of Russia naturally decreased to13.3 million. During the period of 1993, the population growth rate of Russia showed negative growth for the first time.11%. From then until 20 19, the population growth in Russia was negative for most of the time. Fortunately, the population growth rate reached -0.46% in 2002, which bottomed out. 20 19 to 1 August, the birth population in Russia was 994,000, 83,000 fewer than that in the same period last year, and the death toll was 6,543,800+0.2 million. The birth rate is still lower than the death rate.

The ancestors of Russians are Russian tribes of Eastern Slavs. At the end of 15, a unified feudal country was gradually formed with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as the center. Ivan IV changed the title of Grand Duke to czar in 1547, and Peter I was awarded the title of "All-Russian Emperor" by the Senate in 172 1 and established the Russian Empire. It embarked on the road of foreign aggression and expansion, once annexed many countries in Europe and Asia, and reached its peak during the reign of Yekaterina II Alekseyevna in the middle and late18th century. Soviet Russia was established after the October Revolution of 19 17. 1922 12.30. The Soviet Union and Russia were formed by countries that were independent from the Russian Empire after World War I. During the Cold War, they became superpowers and competed with the United States for hegemony by vigorously developing their military strength.