The population situation of China, India, the United States and Japan helps! !

The current population situation in China

I. Population

China is the most populous country in the world. At the end of 2008, the population of mainland China was 65.438+328 billion, accounting for 20% of the world population and 33% of the Asian population. The birth rate is12.40 ‰; The death population was 8.49 million, with a mortality rate of 6.51‰; The natural growth rate is 5.89‰.

Second, the quality of the population.

The China Municipal Government has strengthened the construction of public health undertakings and continuously improved the health quality of the population. The average life expectancy increased from 35 years before the founding of New China to 765,438 0.8 years in 2004. The maternal mortality rate dropped from 1.500/65438+ million in the early 1950s to 5 1/65438+ million in 2004, and the infant mortality rate dropped from 200‰ before the founding of New China to 2004. The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases, parasitic diseases and endemic diseases have been greatly reduced. New infectious diseases such as atypical pneumonia and bird flu have been effectively monitored and controlled, and remarkable progress has been made in AIDS prevention and control.

Generally speaking, the health quality of China population is not high. The incidence of birth defects is 4-6% every year, about 6,543.8+0,000 cases. Tens of millions of endemic patients and disabled people have brought a heavy burden to families and society. The situation of AIDS prevention and control is still very grim. It is estimated that as of June 5, 2003 to February, there were about 840,000 people living with HIV and AIDS in China. In 2004, the epidemic situation showed the coexistence of low prevalence in the whole country and high prevalence in some areas and specific populations. The government of China has accelerated the development of education, and the scientific and cultural quality of the population has been significantly improved. In 2004, the coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education in China reached 93.6%, and the average years of education for people aged 6 and above reached 8.0 1 year (including 8.5 years for men and 7.5 1 year for women), which was 1.75 years higher than 1990. The crude illiteracy rate (the proportion of people aged 65,438+05 and over 65,438+05 who are illiterate or have little literacy) dropped to 8.33%, which is 7.55 percentage points lower than the population aged 65,438+0990. The proportion of people with various education levels in the total population is: college or above 5.42%, senior high school 12.59%, junior high school 36.93% and primary school 30.44%. The number of people with higher education has greatly increased, and the proportion of people with primary education has gradually decreased.

The overall level of scientific and cultural quality of the population in China is not high, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the crude illiteracy rate of the population is much higher than that of developed countries below 2%; Second, the gross enrollment rate of universities is much lower than that of developed countries; Third, the average length of education is not only lower than the average level of education in developed countries, but also lower than the world average (1 1 year). In addition, there are obvious differences in the educational level between urban and rural populations. In 2004, the average length of schooling in urban areas was 9.43 years, while in rural areas it was 7 years. The urban illiteracy rate is 4.9 1%, and the rural illiteracy rate is 10.438+0%.

Third, the population structure.

According to the age structure of the population, among the total population of1299.88 million at the end of 2004, the population aged 0- 14 was 279.47 million, accounting for 2 1.50% of the total population, and the population aged 0-/5-64 was 921. The population aged 65 and over is 98.57 million, accounting for 7.58%. The above data show that:

First, at present, the social support of China's population is low, the proportion of working-age population is large, and the labor resources are abundant, which provides a strong impetus for rapid economic development. The next 20 to 20 years will be the demographic window of China's economic and social development. However, the huge working-age population has also brought great pressure to employment. At present, there are nearly10 million new laborers in cities and towns, and there are more than 200 million surplus laborers in rural areas. In addition, the working-age population will continue to grow. It is predicted that in 20 16 years, the working-age population aged 15-64 will reach the peak of 1 kloc-0/0/0, and it will still reach10 in 2020. This puts higher demands on employment, industrial restructuring and social development.

Second, in 2000, the proportion of the elderly population over 65 years old reached more than 7%. According to international standards, China has entered an aging society. It is predicted that by 2020, the number of elderly people over 65 will reach 654.38+64 billion, accounting for 654.38+066.5438+0% of the total population, and the number of elderly people over 80 will reach 22 million. China's aging has the characteristics of fast speed, large scale and "getting old before getting rich", which has great influence on the future social dependency ratio, savings rate, consumption structure and social security.

Thirdly, according to the gender structure of the population, at the end of 2004, the male population was 669.76 million, accounting for 5 1.5%, and the female population was 630 1.2 million, accounting for 48.5%. The sex ratio of the total population is about 1.06. Since 1980s, the sex ratio at birth has been rising, from 1 17 in the fifth national census to 1 19 in 2003, and even as high as 130 in some provinces. In order to curb the rising trend of the sex ratio at birth, the state has taken a series of measures, promulgated the Population and Family Planning Law, the Provisions on Prohibiting Fetal Sex Identification and Sex-selective Artificial Termination of Pregnancy, and launched the "Care for Girls Action" to advocate gender equality and comprehensively address the problem of high sex ratio at birth.

Four. population distribution

In terms of urban and rural distribution, the urban population reached 542.83 million at the end of 2004, accounting for 465.438+0.76% of the total population, and the rural population was 757.05 million, accounting for 58.24%. In recent years, due to the active promotion of population urbanization and upgrading of industrial structure, and the implementation of the development strategy of cities driving rural areas and industries feeding back agriculture, the population urbanization rate has increased at a rate of more than 1 percentage point per year. Take various measures, make rational planning, guide the transfer of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural industries, strive to improve the environment for farmers to work in cities, and promote the orderly flow of rural labor. In 2004, the floating population in China has exceeded 65.438+0.4 billion. A large number of rural laborers go to work in cities, which provides abundant labor for urban development and improves rural economic conditions. According to the annual increase of population urbanization rate 1 percentage point, about 300 million people will be transferred from rural areas by 2020.

At the same time, the management and service system of floating population is seriously lagging behind and needs to be improved urgently. The huge floating population puts great pressure on urban infrastructure and public services. The floating population's rights in employment, children's education, health care, social security and family planning are not effectively guaranteed, which seriously restricts the orderly flow and rational distribution of the population, and it is difficult to coordinate urban and rural and regional development.

Facing the complex population problem, the China Municipal Government embarks from the strategic height of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society, adheres to a people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development, constantly improves population policies and programs, and comprehensively solves the population problem with people as the foundation. While stabilizing the low fertility level, we should improve the quality of the population, improve the population structure, guide the rational distribution of the population, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population, economy, society, resources and environment.

The current population situation in India

Total population:165438+66 million (CIA website in 2009). Hindustan accounts for 46.3%, Telugu 8.6%, Bengali 7.7%, Marathi 7.6%, Tamil 7.4%, Gujarat 4.6%, Kannada 3.9%, Malayalam 3.9%, Oriya 3.8% and Punjabi 2.3%. English and Hindi are official languages. About 82% of the residents believe in Hinduism, followed by Islam (12%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.9%), Buddhism (0.8%) and Jainism (0.4%).

Although the population control policy has been implemented for many years, more and more Indians want their families to have only two children, but on the whole, India's desire to control the rapid population growth has been difficult to achieve. The National Population Commission of India recently admitted that the national population control plan as of 20 10 was close to failure. Will become the most populous country.

This concern appeared after India's population exceeded165438+300 million in 2008. The population control plan adopted in 2000 put forward a series of socio-economic measures to prevent the national population from exceeding 1 1 billion. However, this ambitious plan failed again, and India faces a very realistic prospect of becoming the most populous country in the world by 2050.

Earlier, the United Nations Population Fund pointed out in its World Population Report 2008 that by 2050, the Indian population will reach 654.38+658 million, surpassing China in the same year and becoming the most populous country in the world. The report also points out that in 2008, the total fertility rate in India was 2.78%, while that in China was 1.73%.

Current situation of American population

The total population of the United States is 307,654.38+07.9 million (ranked third in the world in 2009 and third in the International Monetary Fund), second only to China and India. The population density is 32 people /km2 (world ranking 178, second only to Zimbabwe and Nagorno Karabakh).

The United States is a country with a very high level of urbanization, with about 865,438+0% of the population living in cities and their suburbs (data in mid-2005), while the level of urbanization in the world is only 49%. The population center of the United States has been shifting to the southwest for many years, among which California and Texas are the most populous States in the United States. In 2008, American women gave birth to an average of 2. 1 offspring. Nevertheless, the United States is still one of the countries with the highest population growth rate among industrialized countries. According to the prediction of the United Nations, the population of the United States will surge from the current 306 million to 402 million in 2050.

The United States is the largest immigrant country in the world, and more than 1 10,000 people immigrate to the United States every year. According to the data of the 2000 U.S. Census, at present, one in every 10 people in the United States was born abroad, with 28.4 million people, accounting for 1 1% of the U.S. population. In addition, 654.38+048 million people have parents born in foreign countries, and 654.38+027 million people have only one parent. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2042, the proportion of whites in the U.S. population will be less than half. At present, these immigrants or their descendants mainly live in California, new york, Florida, Texas, New Jersey and Illinois, accounting for 70.4% of the total. Among them, 25.9% of California residents were born abroad, and new york 19.6%. In big cities, the foreign-born population in Los Angeles accounts for 29.6%, and that in new york is as high as 36.7%. In 2007, the racial composition of the United States was: white 80. 1%, Hispanic 15. 1%, African 12.8%, Asian 4.4%, Indian and Alaska Native 1.0%, Hawaiian Native and Pacific. Among them, the total population of African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians has reached1070,000.

Current situation of Japanese population

Total population: 127767944 (No.10 in the world), with a population density of 337 persons/km2 (in 2009). According to Zhongxin. com. On September 2, 20091day, the statistics released by the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications showed that as of September 15, 2009, there were 28.98 million elderly people over 65 in Japan, an increase of 800,000 over last year. The proportion of the 65-year-old population in Japan's total population also increased by 0.6 percentage points, reaching a record 22.7%.

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