What are the main international law of the sea systems?

Regarding the navigation system, the International Convention on the Law of the Sea stipulates that ships of any country can fly their national flag and sail freely on the high seas. No country may obstruct the lawful navigation of ships of other countries on the high seas. Ships sailing on the high seas must be registered in a country and fly its national flag. The country of registration is called the nationality country or flag country of the ship. Ships sailing on the high seas must and can only fly the flag of one country. If they sail under the flags of two or more countries, or change their flags for convenience, they can be regarded as stateless ships. The flag state should have genuine contact with the ship and issue ship registration documents to the ships registered under its domestic law and flying its national flag. Damage caused by ships flying its national flag to citizens, ships, facilities or the environment of other countries on the high seas shall be investigated in cooperation with the countries concerned; The captain should also be instructed to rescue ships from collisions, shipwrecks and other related situations in accordance with international rules.

According to the International Convention on the Law of the Sea, the navigation system mainly includes:

① Public transport system

The transit passage system is applicable to many straits, and is often called the passage system for international navigation in straits. This system is specifically stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The main contents include: ships and planes of all countries enjoy the right of transit passage on the high seas and in the international navigation straits between one part of the exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas and exclusive economic zone. Transit traffic is free navigation and overflight for the purpose of sustained and rapid traffic, and also includes traffic for the purpose of legally entering and leaving countries along the Straits. Transit traffic should pass quickly without delay; Prohibit the illegal use of force or threat; Except for force majeure or distress, they shall not engage in any activities other than those that usually accompany their navigation; Do not carry out any research or measurement activities; We should also abide by the national standards on ships, aviation and radio, and abide by the laws and regulations of coastal countries on fishing prevention, pollution prevention, navigation safety, customs, finance, immigration and health. The system of cross-strait transit passage is a restriction on the sovereignty of the coastal countries concerned, but it does not change the legal status of the strait waters, nor does it affect any other rights of the coastal countries.

② the system of free passage on the high seas

A strait applicable to the free passage of high seas is a channel with high seas or exclusive economic zones in the strait;

③ Harmless channel system

The international navigation channel suitable for innocent passage is a channel composed of a country's mainland and its islands. There is a channel with the same convenient navigation and hydrological characteristics in the sea area outside the island, which can cross the high seas or exclusive economic zone. The special agreement system means that the passage system of some straits is stipulated by an international convention specially concluded for the straits. Such as the Black Sea Strait and strait of magellan, are governed by their respective special treaties.