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Are South Korea and North Korea the same country?
Originally there was only one country, North Korea. After World War II, it split into two countries with different ideologies.
The origin of the name is as follows:
In 1945, Japan surrendered, and the 38th parallel was taken over by the Soviet and American troops respectively. With the support of the United States and the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea was established in August 1948, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in September 1948. The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and China and the United States intervened respectively. On October 19, the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. On July 27, 1953, with the provisional dividing line (38th parallel) as the boundary, the Chinese and North Korean coalition forces signed an armistice agreement with the United Nations forces, and the United Nations designated permanently neutral Swiss and Swedish troops to garrison in the security area of ????the two countries to monitor the two sides. military operations on the border. On October 26, 1958, all Chinese People's Volunteers withdrew from the Korean Peninsula. Currently, some US troops are still stationed in South Korea.
The history of the Korean Peninsula is attached below for reference:
Korean history mainly refers to the history within the Korean Peninsula.
Ancient Korea
There is "Dongyi" in Chinese historical records, which means archers from the east. They are found in Manchuria, the eastern coast of China, north of the Yangtze River, the Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula. Modern Koreans may be a branch of Dongyi. The Korean Peninsula has a history of five thousand years, which can be traced back as far as the founding of Tangun. But in fact, as early as hundreds of thousands of years ago, people lived on the Korean Peninsula. The Paleolithic Age on the Korean Peninsula began in 700,000 BC, and the Bronze Age began in the 10th century BC. In the 4th century BC, the Iron Age entered. The Koreans were originally ethnic groups of the Altaic language family living in the northern continent of Asia. They gradually migrated to the Korean Peninsula. From the 4th century BC, a slave country was formed in the north, known as ancient Korea in history. Several tribal alliances were formed in the southern part of the peninsula, including Woju, Yi, Mahan, Chenhan and Bianhan. Later, Ma Han unified the three Koreas and called them Chen Kingdom.
Tangun Joseon
According to legend, in 2333 BC, Tangun was the offspring of the god Hwanung and the "Bear Girl" (originally meaning a woman turned into a bear, possibly a tribal woman who used bears as totems). King Jian built Wangjian City in today's Pyongyang and founded the ancient "Korean Kingdom", which means "the land of tranquility and morning light". After Tangun ruled Korea for 1,500 years, he abdicated and became a mountain god. This legend is recorded in "Heritage of the Three Kingdoms".
Jizi Korea
The earliest recorded Korea in Chinese history was after the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty. Jizi, a relic of the Shang Dynasty, went to the Korean Peninsula and established the "Ji Shi Hou Kingdom" with the local indigenous people. ". At the end of the 3rd century BC, it was recorded for the first time in Korean history. According to the book "Historical Records" by Sima Qian, a historian from the Han Dynasty in China, Jizi, the brother of Zhou, the last king of the Shang Dynasty, brought the etiquette and systems of the Shang Dynasty to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula after King Wu of Zhou defeated Zhou, and was adopted by the people there. He was elected as the king and recognized by the Zhou Dynasty. It is known as "Ji Zi Korea" in history.
According to the Korean history book "The Legacy of the Three Kingdoms", after Jizi came to North Korea, Tangun's descendants took the people to move south to avoid conflict with the people Jizi brought. . These people later became the ancestors of the Three Hans.
Jizi Korea ruled the Korean Peninsula for nearly a thousand years. According to the "Genealogy of the Xianyu Family in Taiyuan", the Xianyu family in North Korea originated from the descendants of Jizi North Korea. Starting from Jizi, they experienced 41 generations of monarchs until they were destroyed in the 1st century BC.
For nationalistic reasons, some Korean and Korean scholars currently have certain disputes over the existence of this period of history and do not recognize the existence of Jizi Korea.
Wei's North Korea
Wei Man, the general of Yan State, led immigrants to North Korea and became the palace minister of Jizi North Korea. In 194 BC, the Wei family regime was established in Pyongyang and overthrew the Jizi North Korean regime. This is the second dynasty in Korean history, called "Wei's Korea".
The Four Han Commanderies and the Three Han Era
In 108 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Wei's Korea and established Lelang, Xuantu, Lintun and Zhenfan in the central and northern part of the Korean Peninsula. County, known as the "Four counties of Han Dynasty" in history. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Gongsun clan of Liaodong (Gongsun Zan in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms") established Daifang County in the south of Lelang County. The ancient Koreans who moved south, including the remnants of the Wei clan and other tribes, established the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The Chen Kingdom centered on Chenhan, Mahan, and Benhan, and small countries such as Gaya also existed.
Three Kingdoms Era
Due to the disintegration of the Han Dynasty and the inability to visit the north, the Chen Kingdom began to disintegrate in the middle of the 1st century BC. Silla and Baekje became increasingly powerful. In the 4th century AD, Korea formed the period of the three kingdoms of Goguryeo, Silla and Baekje.
Before and after BC ("Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded in the first century BC), three major regimes emerged on the Korean Peninsula: Silla (57 BC - 935 BC), Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 years), Baekje (18 BC - 660 years). There are also Gaya and other regimes at the southern end of the peninsula. Countries attacked each other, and a heyday in Korean history also appeared.
Baekje was developed by the Mahan tribe-{}-, and Silla was formed by a small tribe in Chenhan. Baekje relied on the Southern Dynasties of China to absorb culture from China and spread it to Japan.
About Gaya/Jina Nipponbu
As for Japan, some scholars believe that the Gaya and other regimes located in the Benhan area at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula (today’s Gyeongsangnam Province) were the The Japanese Yamato imperial court's colony on the Korean Peninsula was called "Kana Nippon Prefecture". Baekje, one of the three peninsula countries, approached Japan in order to resist the invasion of Goguryeo and Silla, hoping to use Japan to contain the two countries. Japan is trying to take advantage of this situation to establish its own power on the Korean Peninsula. This led to the Yamato court sending troops to Silla in the fourth century, occupying Benhan, and establishing Nippon Prefecture to rule it.
In 512, Baekje sent an envoy to ask the Yamato court to cede the four counties of Imna to compensate for the northern territory occupied by Goguryeo. At that time, the Yamato court was unable to continue to rule the southern part of Korea and had to agree to Baekje's request. In 562, the Japanese Mansion of Renna was destroyed by Silla.
As for North Korea and South Korea, many scholars deny that there was a Japanese colony on the Korean Peninsula at that time. On the contrary, they believed that there were many small countries on the Japanese archipelago ruled by Baekje, Gaya, and Silla, and that when the peninsula countries competed with each other for supremacy, they also competed to use the power of their dependent countries in the Japanese archipelago.
The debate between scholars from Japan, North Korea and South Korea on this issue has not yet reached a conclusion acceptable to all parties. In one year, the Microsoft Encyclopedia caused protests from some Korean scholars because of this issue. There are also many disputes in the Three Kingdoms about the interpretation of the inscription on the Goguryeo "King Tae Monument". Some Korean scholars even pointed out that the inscription on the "King Tae Monument" in Goguryeo had been tampered with by the old Japanese Army General Staff Headquarters.
Unified Silla Era
Silla formed an alliance with the emerging Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Gojong was in power, he joined forces with the Tang Dynasty to destroy Baekje in 660 AD, and in 668 AD, The Tang Dynasty united to destroy Goguryeo, but the Tang Dynasty sent general Xue Rengui to establish the Andong Protectorate in the old areas of Goguryeo and Baekje. Due to the resistance of the local people and the Tang Dynasty's need to defend against the threat of the Western Turks, the Tang army retreated in 676. Silla finally unified the Korean Peninsula, established its capital in Gyeongju, and adopted the Tang Dynasty's national system.
In the 9th century, peasants revolted in various places. In 900, the army general Zhenxuan became the king, and the Baekje Kingdom was established, with its capital Gwangju. In 903, the revolting monk Jin Gongyi became the king, and established the kingdom in the north and northwest of Silla. The Taifeng Kingdom (first named the Mozhen Kingdom) had its capital in Cheelwon. In 918, Wang Jian established the Goryeo Dynasty, and later named the country "Goryeo"; together with the original Silla, it was called the Later Three Kingdoms period.
Silla died in Goryeo in 935, marking the end of the Silla era. Some Korean scholars include the Balhae Kingdom into the scope of their country's history, so this era is called the Northern and Southern Kingdoms era.
Goryeo Dynasty
In 918, Wang Jian, a general of King Gongyi of Goguryeo, was proclaimed king by his generals and moved the capital to his hometown Kaesong (Songak). The country's name is "Goryeo". Silla was destroyed in 935, Baekje was destroyed in 936, and the Goryeo Dynasty was established. Defeated by the Liao State in 993, he was forced to sever relations with the Song Dynasty and surrender to the Liao State. In 1127, he was forced to surrender to the Jin State. During the period of resisting the Khitans and Jurchens, the power of the military increased greatly. In 1170 and 1173, two coups took place, led by the military general Zheng Zhongfu. The coup soldiers deposed the king, massacred the nobles and civil servants, and finally established the "capital house" where the military general Cui Zhongxian held the king hostage. "regime. In 1231, the Mongolian army attacked Goryeo. In 1258, the Choi family's regime fell and the king surrendered to Mongolia. It became a vassal state of the Yuan Dynasty, and Daruhuachi was stationed in Kaicheng to supervise state affairs. In 1280, it became a province of the Yuan Dynasty (Zhengdong Province).
Li's Korea
In 1368, the Ming Dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty. In 1387, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to recover the Yuan Dynasty's territory in the northeast. The King of Goryeo still relied on the remaining Mongolian forces and refused to return it. He sent the capital commander Li Chenggui attacked Liaodong, but Li Chenggui opposed sending troops and launched a coup. In 1392, he deposed the king and established himself. He changed the name of the country to Chosun, which means "Korea and Japan are clear", and made Seoul the capital. This era was called "Lee's Korea" in Japan, and this name is still used today in most historical circles. Scholars from North and South Korea believe that it should be called the Joseon Dynasty, but this name is easily confused and rarely accepted.
In 1443, King Sejong created the Korean alphabet "Hunminjeongeum".
The "Jingguo Dadian" completed in 1469 established a new political system.
Li's North Korea implemented a policy of promoting Confucianism and rejecting Buddhism.
In 1591, Japanese Sekihaku Toyotomi Hideyoshi led 200,000 troops to invade North Korea and occupied Pyongyang for a time. The Ming Dynasty of China sent troops to aid Korea. In 1598, the Japanese army was defeated by the Chinese and Korean coalition forces. The Korean general Yi Sun-shin and the Chinese general Deng Zilong supported each other and died heroically in the end. This period of history is called the "Imjin Japanese Rebellion", and modern China is called the "Wanli War to Aid Korea".
When the Ming Dynasty fought against Hou Jin in 1618, North Korea sent troops to assist. In 1636, the Qing army captured North Korea. The king surrendered and paid tribute, becoming a canonized state of the Qing Dynasty.
In 1863, King Zhezong died without heirs. The son of the royal family Li Shiying ascended the throne as Gaozong. Li Shiying served as the regent of the "Daewuanjun" and implemented a series of reforms to strengthen centralization, suppress local feudal forces, and isolate the country from the outside world. , set fire to the US warships that entered North Korea to rob, and repelled the attacks of US warships many times, destroying three US warships.
In 1873, when Gojong came of age and took charge personally, Lord Daewon stopped regenting, and Concubine Min’s relatives took power. Japanese warships entered the mouth of the Han River, forcing North Korea to sign the unequal Ganghwa Treaty. In 1882, Concubine Min’s relatives withheld military pay, which led to the Renwu mutiny. During the mutiny, rebel soldiers killed Japanese legation officials and stormed the palace. Concubine Min disguised herself as a palace maid and escaped, and Lord Da Yuan returned to power. At Concubine Min's request, the Qing Dynasty sent Wu Changqing to lead 3,000 troops into North Korea to suppress the mutiny, imprisoned Lord Dayuan, and Concubine Min's relatives' group regained power. From then on, both Japan and the Qing Dynasty stationed troops in Korea.
The Korean aristocracy was divided into the "enlightened faction" who demanded reform and the "conservative faction" headed by Concubine Min. On December 4, 1884, the enlightened faction and the Japanese minister planned together to launch a coup relying on the Japanese army and killed Officials of the old school announced that they would sever ties with the Qing government. It was the "Jiashen Coup". At the request of the conservative faction, the Qing army led by Yuan Shikai entered the palace on the 6th, defeated the Japanese army, and killed the leaders of the enlightened faction. Some of the leaders of the enlightened faction fled to Japan, and the conservative faction regained power.
A large-scale peasant uprising broke out in North Korea in 1894. The Qing army landed in Asan on June 6. The Japanese army immediately landed in Incheon on July 6 and launched the Imwu Incident, occupying Seoul and forcing North Korea to Signed the unequal Treaty of Jemulpo (Jemulpo is today's Incheon). He also organized a pro-Japanese government and suppressed the peasant uprising.
In 1894, Japan and the Qing army stationed in Korea launched the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894.
In April 1895, the Qing army failed and the "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki" was signed. North Korea announced the termination of its canonization relationship with the Qing Dynasty and became a modern country. Japan assassinated Empress Mingcheng who had anti-Japanese tendencies.
In 1896, Emperor Gaozong proclaimed himself emperor and established the Korean Empire. From then on, North Korea was changed to South Korea. After the Russo-Japanese War, Russia was defeated.
Otomi Protection Treaty of 1905. After being conquered by Japan, Korea became Japan's "protectorate".
In 1906, Japan established a Japanese-sent "unification supervision" regime in North Korea.
In 1907, Japan forced Emperor Gaozong to abdicate and the crown prince succeeded him.
In 1909, Japan's first governor, Ito Hirobumi, was stabbed to death by North Korean patriot Ahn Jung-geun in Harbin.
Period of Japanese rule
Japan-Korea merger
Japan forced the South Korean government to sign the "Japan-Korea Merger Treaty" in August 1910, officially annexing North Korea. On the peninsula, the Governor-General of Korea was established to carry out colonial rule. Japan made the Korean royal family a Japanese nobility, made Gojong abdicate in favor of Soonjong.
Provisional Government
On March 1, 1919, the Korean Peninsula launched large-scale resistance activities because Japan banned the use of the Korean national language in schools.
Ryu Kwan-soon and other young students issued the "March First Declaration of Independence" at Tapdong Park in Jongno-gu, Seoul today, and spread the declaration of independence throughout the country. These independent activities aroused national resistance and impacted Japanese police agencies in various places, resulting in violent suppression by the Japanese police. Known as the "March 1st Movement" in history. In the same year, the leaders of the Korean independence movement established provisional governments in Vladivostok, Shanghai, and Seoul. Finally, the three provisional governments merged into the "Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea" in Shanghai. The provisional government was recognized by China's law-protecting government led by Sun Yat-sen and France, Poland and other countries. After the fall of Shanghai in 1939, the provisional government moved several times, and finally moved to Chongqing, China's wartime capital at that time, in September 1940. With the help of the Chinese government, North Korean restorationists established the "South Korean Liberation Army" and the "North Korean Volunteer Corps" in China. The Pacific War broke out on December 7, 1941, and the provisional government declared war on Japan on December 9. On May 15, 1942, the Chinese Military Commission decided to merge the two armed forces into the Korean Liberation Army and place them under the direct control of the Provisional Government. On November 23, 1945, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea moved back to the country, and the Liberation Army also returned the following year.
Arms of the Korean Communist Party
Since 1932, the guerrillas led by the Korean Communist Kim Il Sung have carried out anti-Japanese guerrilla activities in Northeast China. Kim Il Sung's anti-Japanese troops occupied the town of Putianbo in northern North Korea in 1937 and were forced to withdraw to the Soviet Union in 1941.
Modern
Japan surrendered in 1945, with the 38th parallel as the boundary, and was taken over by the Soviet and American troops respectively. With the support of the United States and the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea was established in August 1948, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in September 1948. The Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and China and the United States intervened respectively. On October 19, the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. On July 27, 1953, with the provisional dividing line (38th parallel) as the boundary, the Chinese and North Korean coalition forces signed an armistice agreement with the United Nations forces, and the United Nations assigned permanently neutral Swiss and Swedish troops to garrison in the same security area of ????Taiwan to monitor the two sides. military operations on the border. On October 26, 1958, all Chinese People’s Volunteers withdrew from the Korean Peninsula. Currently, some US troops are still stationed in South Korea.
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