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From "Burden" to "cornucopia" —— Beijing Miyun Reservoir realizes a win-win situation of environmental protection and development

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August 05 days, 2005

□ Our reporter Tao Guofeng

As the lifeline of the capital, Miyun Reservoir provides two-thirds of Beijing's drinking water. The picture shows several armed soldiers patrolling the reservoir. Photo by Chen Jie

On July 2 1 day, Beijing was shrouded in sultry heat before the arrival of summer rain. The reporter made a special trip to Miyun County to interview the situation of water source protection.

Under the heavy containment of green vegetation, Miyun Reservoir, the most important drinking water source in Beijing, is quietly displayed in the fierce sunshine. It is not as vast as people think, but like a cup filled with half a glass of water, which makes people feel more serious about the topic of water shortage in hot and dry summer.

It is this "half glass of water" that provides two-thirds of Beijing's drinking water. What's more commendable is that these waters are not polluted. Residents around the reservoir enthusiastically introduced the water in Miyun Reservoir to all tourists, just as residents of some tourist attractions introduced the miracles of the gods to tourists. It is no exaggeration that Miyun Reservoir can be directly drunk, and the water quality here has indeed reached the second-class standard for direct drinking.

Like many other places, Beijing was once a city famous for its oasis. Not only Yuquan is famous for its landscape, but the whole Haidian District is full of clean water that can be drunk by holding it. Haidian people are water lakes as big as the sea. After summer, lotus, tender lotus root and water chestnut are fashionable things that vendors sell along the street. Natural ice cubes are hoarded in winter and shaved ice can be sold in summer.

However, now, a kind of water that can be directly drunk without disinfection gives us a sense of holiness and a fairytale realm.

Miyun Reservoir is the lifeline of Beijing, providing two-thirds of Beijing's drinking water. Some people say: Nothing can be short of Miyun Reservoir. It is true that all Beijingers are grateful to the Miyun people who have protected Miyun Reservoir. Now Miyun county is not only the most important water conservation area in Beijing, but also a bright spot in the virtuous circle of Beijing's economy and environmental protection.

The excellent ecological environment formed by Miyun Reservoir and water conservation is the pride of Miyun people.

As long as you get to Miyun County, someone will tell you that Miyun Reservoir is the only unpolluted drinking water source in Beijing. Miyun's surface water and groundwater meet the second-class national drinking water standard, Miyun's soil is unpolluted pure land, Miyun's air is higher than the second-class all the year round, and the air quality in the reservoir area has maintained the first-class level for a long time. The forest coverage rate in the county is higher than 60%, and that in the reservoir area is higher than 80%. The negative oxygen ions in the air are 10 times higher than those in the urban area. As Li Yongjun, director of Miyun Industrial Development Zone, said, the environment is the core competitiveness of Miyun.

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It is the first in Miyun.

Many Miyun people's feelings for the reservoir are not always like this. Miyun Reservoir was built in 1958 and 1960. The construction of the reservoir occupied most of Miyun's fertile land, and many villages were flooded. Miyun made great sacrifices for the construction of the reservoir. After the completion of the reservoir, the industrial development of Miyun was strictly controlled because of saving water.

After the 1980s, the economic development in all parts of the country surged, and Miyun was no exception. More than 100 industrial projects were almost unstoppable. But industrial development once again gave way to water resources protection.

1985 Beijing promulgated the Regulations on Environmental Protection of Miyun Reservoir, Huairou Reservoir and Jingmi Diversion Canal. The promulgation of this regulation led to the immediate closure or demolition of 64 industrial and tourism projects in Miyun County/KLOC-0, including an international amusement park with an investment of 20 million yuan and Douling Iron Mine with an investment of 7.6 million yuan. Iron ore is a traditional dominant industry in Miyun, which has been mined and smelted since the Western Han Dynasty. In order to save water, iron ore mining is strictly prohibited.

Saving water is the center of all work in Miyun, but it is also a heavy burden for Miyun people to get rich. Some Miyun people who are eager to get rich are anxious: "They are all reservoirs." Of course, this is just a complaint.

Policies are constantly being adjusted.

Qingshan water purification is not just a thing.

Many Miyun people's views on the reservoir did not change fundamentally until the industrial development zone prospered. They suddenly found that the ecological environment protected for water conservation turned out to be a unique and most valuable resource, just like a person carrying a burden that he thought was useless and unbearable, and one day suddenly found that it was a priceless treasure with infinite charm.

1One day in May 1999, an exciting and dramatic scene appeared on the playground of Tsinghua University High-tech Industrial Park.

Tsinghua Tongfang holds world-class civil nuclear technology, some of which are comparable to foreign counterparts, and some aspects are even higher than foreign counterparts. The "Large Container Inspection System" developed by the company is a national "863" key project. At that time, the General Administration of Customs was preparing to purchase a batch of such equipment produced abroad, and a national leader instructed that a set of domestic equipment must be purchased to promote the progress of independent intellectual property rights. The customs gave the order for this equipment to Tsinghua Tongfang Weishi Technology Co., Ltd. ..

After Tsinghua Tongfang Weishi's equipment was developed, experts found that its performance was better than that of foreign equipment, and its price was much lower. On this day, the heads of MOFTEC, General Administration of Customs, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Tsinghua University, relevant experts and 100 journalists gathered in the playground of Tsinghua University High-tech Industrial Park to hold the acceptance ceremony of the world's first container inspection system with accelerator as radiation source, which was successfully developed by Tsinghua Tongfang. After the equipment passed the acceptance test successfully, the Vice Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation was entrusted to announce on the spot: We want to strengthen the ambition of China people and adopt all the equipment with independent intellectual property rights in China. After saying his word, more than 200 people applauded.

This scene took place in Miyun Industrial Development Zone. Tsinghua Tongfang Weishi is a representative high-tech enterprise in Miyun Industrial Development Zone. In 2004, the output value of this enterprise reached1200 million yuan, 90% of which were exported abroad. Users spread all over the world in dozens of countries, accounting for more than 50% of the global market share. These pollution-free high-tech enterprises have played an important role in the process of forming a virtuous circle of environmental protection and economic development in Miyun.

Just as water conservation protects the environment, Miyun Development Zone has to focus on high-tech enterprises to attract investment.

After the establishment of Miyun Industrial Development Zone, there are three obvious unfavorable factors that affect the investment attraction. One is its remote location. Second, there is no preferential treatment for development zones such as Yizhuang and Zhongguancun in terms of taxation. The third is the reservoir factor, and enterprises that pollute the environment cannot be introduced. In the eyes of many people, water conservation has once again become an obstacle to Miyun's economic take-off.

But this time the situation is different, and enterprises that pollute the environment cannot be introduced. Miyun development zone tries its best to introduce high-tech enterprises that do not pollute the environment on preferential terms, and pollution-free environment has become the most important condition for attracting investment in the development zone. Famous universities such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology and beijing university of chemical technology have successively set up investment projects in Miyun Industrial Development Zone, which has enabled the development zone to quickly form characteristic industries such as electronic information engineering, photoelectric integration, bioengineering and new medicine, and has bred a large number of high-tech products with high technical content and competitiveness at home and abroad. By the end of 2004, there were 55 high-tech enterprises in Miyun Industrial Development Zone.

But this achievement is only the beginning for Miyun Industrial Development Zone.

Because China's preferential tax policies for high-tech industries are divided into regions, although many enterprises are optimistic about the environment and other conditions of Miyun Industrial Development Zone, they still put their enterprises in development zones with preferential tax policies such as Zhongguancun, or put their production bases in Miyun, but their headquarters are located in other development zones with less tax revenue.

Miyun people look at this situation with the spirit of losing money and long-term vision of soil and water conservation. Even the "separation of the two places" enterprises, which are based in Miyun and pay taxes elsewhere, provide thoughtful and efficient services and enthusiastic support. They believe that Miyun's environment and excellent work will make Miyun Industrial Development Zone win in the fierce competition.

Preferential policies are temporary and changeable, and the environment is irreplaceable. When the preferential tax policy expires or the policy changes, more enterprises will choose Miyun. Those "separated" enterprises will eventually settle in Miyun Industrial Development Zone. In fact, some enterprises think so.

Li Yongjun, director of Miyun Industrial Development Zone, is full of confidence: "The policy is constantly adjusted, and the clear water in Qingshan cannot be said to exist." China is planning to change the tax incentives for high-tech enterprises by region into more scientific and reasonable tax incentives by industry. If this change becomes a reality, it will undoubtedly be a great opportunity for Miyun Industrial Development Zone.

Investment enterprises are not hard to find.

I'm afraid your environment is not good.

In some places, attracting investment is the top priority, while the restriction of environmental protection is the unfavorable factor for attracting investment, because some enterprises that pollute the environment have to be excluded, and their profits are generally rich. The case of Miyun Industrial Development Zone provides proof to the contrary.

Some enterprises invest to find local pollution, while others invest to avoid pollution. It's not difficult to find an investment company, just because you don't have a good environment. This is the case when many well-known food processing enterprises invest in Miyun Industrial Development Zone. China dairy giant Yili Group's largest yogurt production base, China's largest chestnut processing enterprise Lurun Group's North China production base, Humboldt Group's North China headquarters, one of the five domestic ice cream giants, South Korea's world's number one kimchi brand Zongjiafu's largest production base outside South Korea, and China market headquarters have all settled in Miyun Industrial Development Zone. The most important reason why these enterprises take a fancy to Miyun is that Miyun has no polluted ecological environment.

Food processing is a rapidly developing industry in China, and green food is the development direction of food industry. In this highly competitive industry, the core of competition is the production and processing environment.

In a report in 2004, the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) believed that the competition of food enterprises in the future would shift from the competition of product quality to the competition of production environment. If food enterprises want to develop in the new competition, they must make higher guarantees for product quality. Therefore, when the enterprise development and market competition reach a certain level, the environment, a later factor, will occupy a heavier weight. Miyun people have firmly grasped this "heavier weight" in their hands.

High-tech enterprises and food processing industries have not caused environmental pollution in Miyun, but have provided new protection and motivation for environmental protection. With the development of economy, Miyun county has further strengthened its environmental protection work, and the people in the reservoir area have seen and realized the benefits of environmental protection.

A large number of farmers in water source protection areas have found satisfactory jobs in development zones and other enterprises, reducing the population in these areas, especially the labor force, and directly alleviating the pressure of water source protection. Measures such as returning farmland to forests can be implemented smoothly.

More than half of the 1.3 1.000 laborers absorbed by the development zone come from Miyun local countryside, and most of them are children of farmers who moved out of the water conservation area in the north of the reservoir to protect water resources. Food processing enterprises provide a reliable guarantee for the development of green agriculture, because farmers are no longer worried about the sales of their products. Planting chestnuts along the reservoir is one of the important measures to protect water sources and make farmers rich in Miyun. In the past, farmers have been afraid to plant with confidence, and what they are most worried about is sales.

Now, the largest chestnut processing enterprise in North China is at home, and has already signed a purchase and sale contract with farmers. The enthusiasm for growing chestnuts went up without mobilization.

In Miyun, a good ecological environment has become the biggest source of wealth in Miyun. The clearer the water, the richer people are, which has become the knowledge of Miyun people.

The picture shows busy workers in an enterprise in Miyun Industrial Park.