What are the economic and war strengths of Wei, Shu and Wu?

Wei State

The brutal oppression of the ruling class and the warlords’ successive years of melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty severely damaged the social economy of the vast areas in the north, coupled with the constant harm of natural disasters , people's lives have become extremely difficult, tens of millions of farmers have been exiled, and society is in a miserable state. In order to restore the social economy and accumulate the power to unify the country, the Cao Cao Group took many measures in the economy, among which the main ones are: 1. Implementing the farming system. This system is divided into two types: civilian villages and military villages. At that time, there were many people displaced in the society and the land was barren. In addition, Cao Cao also plundered many agricultural tools, labor, animal power, and land from the Yellow Turban Army. Therefore, the farmland system achieved very good results as soon as it was implemented, and it was promoted nationwide the next year. The Cao Wei regime established Da Si Nong in the central government, Diannong Zhonglang Jiang or Diannong Xiaowei in the prefectures and counties, and Diannong Duwei in the counties, who were specifically responsible for farming matters. 2. Stabilize the refugees and stabilize the farmers. This enabled a large number of refugees to return to their hometowns, settle down, and resume agricultural production. In order to increase agricultural output, the Cao Wei regime also overhauled water conservancy, supported livestock raising, tree planting, sericulture, and developed handicrafts. 3. Establish the scholar family system, that is, establish the scholar family system to form a fixed number of soldiers, include the families of soldiers in special household registrations, and serve as soldiers for generations. Moreover, it was strictly stipulated that after the death of a soldier, his wife remarried, but objectively it played a certain role in stabilizing the agricultural production labor force.

Because Cao Wei took the above measures, its economy gradually developed, its treasury was enriched, and its economic and war strength were greatly enhanced. Although the total population of Wei at that time was only more than 4.43 million, it could often maintain a standing army of more than 200,000. The ratio of militia to militia is as high as 20:1. In ancient times when the economy was very underdeveloped, it was difficult to maintain without considerable economic strength as a backing.

Shu Kingdom

The Kingdom of Shu is located in the middle of Bashu and Hanzhong. The territory is remote and narrow, and the social development is much slower than that of the Central Plains. Therefore, its economic and military strength are far inferior to those of Wei and Wu. Both sides. After Liu Bei's group entered Shu, they followed Zhuge Liang's suggestion and took various measures to "conquer the Zhurong in the west and pacify the Yiyue in the south" to stabilize the social order in their ruled areas, appease people's hearts, and develop the economy.

Zhuge Liang himself suffered from migration and migration. He not only experienced the miserable life of some people, but also saw the angry power of peasant uprisings. Therefore, out of the instinct of the enlightened landlord class, he paid attention to developing the economy and enriching the country and strengthening the army. To this end, Shu State has taken some important measures: 1. Develop agricultural production. In order to protect Du'an Dayan (ie Dujiangyan in Sichuan), Zhuge Liang specially sent 1,200 people to maintain this great project, effectively utilizing its irrigation benefits. At that time, in some areas of the Chengdu Plain, the rice yield per mu could reach Dendrobium. According to some historical records, at that time, the Shu land was crisscrossed with ditches and golden rice, creating a scene of a "Land of Abundance". 2. Develop salt production and handicraft industries. At that time, Chengdu "had a salt spring well". Brocades from Shu are exported to all parts of the country. "Zhongguo Zhi Wang Lian Zhuan" records: "Compared with iron, it benefits many people and is of benefit to the country." This undoubtedly played an important role in the war between Shu and Wei. 3. Immigrated to Shu and developed Nanzhong (now part of Yunnan, Guizhou and Myanmar). The Shu Han Dynasty broke the long-term isolation of the South Central region, promoted the economic development of the region, and established a stable rear area for the Shu Kingdom. Zhuge Liang moved more than 10,000 Qingguan Qiang households to Shu to engage in agricultural and animal husbandry production, and The young and strong among them were organized into an army and became a sharp division that was brave and good at fighting.

The above-mentioned measures of the Shu Kingdom have greatly strengthened its economic and military strength. Although the population of the Shu Kingdom reached 940,000 at its highest, less than a quarter of the Cao Wei Group, it was able to maintain an army of 10 With a standing army of more than 10,000 people, the civilian-to-military ratio was as high as 9:1, and Zhuge Liang's six northern expeditions against Wei showed how impressive his economic and war strength was.

Wu State

Because Wu State is located in the south of the Yangtze River and east of the Yangtze River, it has suffered less wars since the end of the Han Dynasty, and the damage to agricultural production has been less severe. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sun Quan's group also took some measures to enrich the country and strengthen the army in order to dominate Jiangdong and strive for hegemony across the country. The main ones are: 1. Adopting the farming system.

Like the Wei State, the Sun Quan Group cultivated fields, accumulated grain, and developed agricultural production in two ways: military settlements and civilian settlements. It set up Diannong Xiaowei and Diannong Duwei to take charge of the production of civilian settlements. In Piling (now Wujin, Jiangsu) ), the number of people engaged in Mintun was once as high as tens of thousands. 2. Develop smelting, brocade weaving, salt making and various handicraft industries. At that time, the iron and copper smelting industry was the most developed in Wuchang, Hubei Province today. The state of Wu once forged 1,000 swords and 10,000 knives in Wuchang in one year. Wu's brocade and salt industries also accumulated a lot of wealth. 3. Develop vast areas in the south and southeast. At that time, there were many Yue and barbarians living in these places. Soochow repeatedly sent troops to conquer these areas, forcing them to move and live together with the Han people. Every time Soochow conquered a tribe, "the strong ones became soldiers, the winners replenished their households, and they obtained tens of thousands of elite soldiers." This is of great benefit to developing the agricultural economy and enhancing military strength.

The above-mentioned measures of Wu State made the already relatively wealthy Jiangnan and Jiangdong areas even more prosperous. At that time, Wu had a population of just over 2.3 million, which was only half that of Wei. However, it also had 200,000 soldiers and had considerable economic and war strength. This made Cao Cao dare not fight the final decisive battle with Sun Quan's group after the Battle of Chibi.

All the above are done by hand!

Reference material: "History of Chinese War"