The development history of Pinggu

Pinggu has a long history. As early as the Paleolithic Age 100,000 years ago, humans have been thriving in Pinggu. More than 30 stone tools, such as double-edged scrapers, single-edged scrapers, and double-table stone cores, were unearthed from more than 10 Paleolithic cultural sites such as Majiafen, Haizi, and Zhushui, which fully demonstrate that the Pinggu area has entered the Paleolithic Age. Late stage. A large number of stone tools, pottery, and house foundations unearthed in Shangzhai and Beizantou indicate that 7,000 years ago, the ancestors of Pinggu were already engaged in agricultural production and living a settled life. A unique archaeological culture in the Jinghe River Basin has been formed. , named "Shangzhai Culture".

Pinggu belonged to the ancient Yan Kingdom during the Xia and Shang Dynasties. The 16 sets of bronze ritual vessels and gold earrings and other gold vessels unearthed from the Shang Dynasty tombs in Liujiahe show that the ancestors of Pinggu not only mastered the technology of manufacturing bronze vessels, but also mastered the technology of manufacturing gold vessels. The discovery of iron blades and copper alloys (only 3 found in the country) further proves that people have a preliminary understanding of the properties of iron. The Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted the title of Duke Zhao to Yan and established the Yan Kingdom. Pinggu belongs to the land of Yan. In the fourteenth year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty (354 BC), "Qi Shi and Yan fought in the river, and Qi Shi escaped" ("The Year of the Secretary of Bamboo").

During the Western Han Dynasty, Pinggu County was founded in the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (195 BC) and belonged to Yuyang County. The county was located south of Da and Xiaobeiguan Village in Zhuang Town, Shandong Province today. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died, and his posthumous edict granted the title of Marquis of Bolu to the Great Sima and General Huo Guang. Today, the site of the ancient city east of Beichengzi Village is Bolu City, the fiefdom of Huo Guang. In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, a salt officer was established in the county. At the end of the period, Huayan County outside Gubeikou was moved to Bolu City (it was renamed Yantian County during the Ming Dynasty of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was later abandoned to Pinggu County). At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang seized the throne, class conflicts intensified, and peasant uprisings broke out. The north is the area where peasant uprisings take place. In the 23rd year of Gengshi (25th year), Liu Xiu sent Wu Han and more than 10 generals to lead troops to pursue the uprising armies of You Lai, Daqiang, and Wuban in the east of Lu County (now Tongzhou), and pursued them to the decisive battle in Pinggu. There were 1.3 Wan Yijun was beheaded. The remnants of the rebel army retreated eastward, then entered western Liaoning and eastern Liaoning before disintegrating. After Liu Xiu's victory, he returned to Jicheng (today's Beijing), and settled in Hebei. Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, and his country was named Han. He was Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Pinggu remained there, and the county seat was moved to the present-day Pinggu City. Pinggu County in the early Western Jin Dynasty belonged to Lu County of Yan State. After the Zhao Dynasty, Pinggu County was restored, and the county seat was moved to Beixiaoying Village, Tongzhou, under the jurisdiction of Yuyang County. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Pinggu was transferred to Lu County. Yaoyang County was moved from the north to the interior, and the city was located in Shangzhen Village, Luoying Township, present-day town. Eastern Wei Province. In the Sui Dynasty, the Pinggu area belonged to Wuzhong County. In the first year of Tang Wude (618), Pinggu was established as Dawang Town and belonged to Miyun County, Tanzhou. In the second year of Qingtai in the Later Tang Dynasty (935), Shi Jingtang cut the 16 states of You and Yan to Khitan, and Dawang Town belonged to Khitan. In the third year of Jin Tianhui's reign (1125), the Jin army defeated Tanzhou and Jizhou to Sanhe, and defeated the Song army at Baihe. Dawang Town belonged to the Jin Dynasty. In the twenty-seventh year of Dading of the Jin Dynasty (1187), Dawang Town was promoted to Pingyu (Tonggu) County. Pinggu County was established and restored, and it was subordinate to Yuyang County of Jizhou. In the fourth year of Jin Mingchang's reign (1193), Shuangquan courtyard was rebuilt. Jin Zhangzong, his concubine and Princess Qiu Ni lived in the courtyard. The next year, he spent the summer in Shuangquan Courtyard. In the first year of Zhenyou (1213), Yuan soldiers entered Gubeikou and went to Tanzhou, Shunzhou and Jizhou, and Pinggu County returned to the Yuan Dynasty. In the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287), Qiu Chuji, a real person from Changchun, came to the Yuanbao Temple (Yanxiang Temple) in Nandulehe Village in the county. He observed the withered cypresses and saw their revival. Zhang Tiandu, an old man from Nantang, wrote the poem "Resurrection Cypress" and carved a stone monument. In the 18th year of Zhizheng (1358), Mao Gui, the leader of the East Route of the Red Scarf Army of the Peasant Rebel Army, sent his troops on a northern expedition into Hebei, conquered Jizhou, Sanhe, and Pinggu, threatening most of the capital. During the Hongwu period of the early Ming Dynasty, the Zhenluoying, Beishuiyu, Nanshuiyu, Xiongerzhai and Yuzishan Great Walls were built. During the Yongle period, the construction of the Emei Mountain, Huangsongyu, Heishuiwan, Zhangzuo, and Jiangjun Shiguan Great Walls continued. During this period, Pinggu first belonged to Jizhou, Beiping Prefecture, and later changed to Jizhou, Shuntian Prefecture. In the first year of Jianwen (1399), King Zhu Di of Yan launched the "Battle of Jingnan", passing through Tongzhou, Pinggu, Miyun and other places. In the second year of Yongle (1404), Yingzhou Zhongtunwei moved from Saibei to Bolu City in Pinggu County. During the Yongle period, Zheng He, the eunuch of the Three Treasures, went to the West and had 60 husbands in Pinggu. During this period, a large number of immigrants from Shanxi and Shandong moved into the county. In the fifth year of Longqing (1571), the county magistrate Liu Ai dredged six canals into the river. In the thirteenth year of Wanli (1585), Shangbao Shaoqing Xu Zhenming was ordered to supervise the reclamation of paddy fields in the capital. Starting from Shuiyu Temple and Longjia, several acres of paddy fields were reclaimed. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), soldiers of the Later Jin Dynasty surrounded Jizhou, went down to Sanhe, crossed Pinggu, and approached Shunyi County. In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), Qing soldiers entered the pass from Qiangziling in Miyun, and then defeated Gubeikou and Jiangjun Shiguan, and captured Pinggu City. In the early Qing Dynasty, the old system of Ming Dynasty was still in place. From the first year of Shunzhi to the sixth year of Kangxi (1644-1667), soldiers from the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty occupied land on a large scale, occupying more than 120,000 acres of flat land in Pinggu twice. In order to oppose the enclosure of land, in July of the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), the White Lotus Sect uprising broke out, centered on Yanjiazhuang and Maquanzhuang in the west of the city, and besieged Pinggu County. It was suppressed by the magistrate Mou Yunlong. The two villages were razed to the ground, and the uprising failed. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign (1688), after the Shuntianfu Fourth Road Tongzhi was established, Pinggu County came under the jurisdiction of the North Road Department. In the forty-third year of Kangxi's reign (1704), the Yajishan Wanshou Taoist Temple was built to celebrate Kangxi's 60th birthday. Kangxi visited Yaji Mountain twice and wrote articles and erected monuments for it. Qianlong and Daoguang both visited Yaji Mountain. In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1743), it was changed from a county under Jizhou to directly under Shuntian Prefecture. In the early years of Guangxu, Catholicism was introduced to Pinggu.

In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu's reign (1900), the Boxer Rebellion broke out. The rebels burned the Zhanggezhuang church, captured Pinggu County, destroyed the county government office, and broke open the prison. Later it was suppressed by the Qing government.

After the Revolution of 1911, in the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Shuntian Prefecture was changed to Jingzhao Special Zone, and Pinggu became one of the counties under Jingzhao. In the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), Jingzhao was abolished and the county was reorganized into Jizhou Road, Hebei Province. In September of the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), the Jimi Administrative Inspectorate District was established in Hebei Province, and Pinggu belonged to it. In November of the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Yin Rugeng established the pseudo "Jidong Anti-Japanese Autonomous Government", which governed 22 counties, one of which was Pinggu. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), it was affiliated to the puppet "Jidong Road of Hebei Province", and in the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) it was changed to the "Yanjing Road".

During the Anti-Japanese War, the Fourth Column of the Eighth Route Army advanced into Jidong. In June 1938, the Mi (Yun) Ping (Valley) Ji (County) coalition government was established in Zhenluoying. In July, Pinggu County was captured and Pinggu was built. County anti-Japanese democratic government. Withdrew that year. After 1940, it was a period of establishment and development of the anti-Japanese base areas centered on Yuzishan and Panshan. In April, Ji (County), Ping (Gu), Mi (Yun) United County was built in Panshan, and in July, the northwest office was built in Yuzishan, which has jurisdiction over the entire Pinggu and part of Miyun and Xinglong. According to the development and changes of the situation, in November 1940, November 1942 and July 1943, three joint counties were established with Pinggu as the center, namely: Ping (gu), Mi (yun) Xing (long), Ping (long) (Gu) San (River) Mi (Yun), belongs to the 13th exclusive; Ping (Gu) San (River) Ji (County), first belonged to the 1st Special Office of the Hebei Re-Liao Administrative Office, and after January 1945, it belonged to the Hebei Re-Liao Administrative Office 14th Department. On September 13, 1945, under the siege of the anti-Japanese army and civilians, Pinggu County was liberated, and Pingsanji Lianhe County moved into Pinggu County. During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, 555 martyrs died for the country in Pinggu County, 1,287 people were brutally killed, more than 10,000 houses were burned down, and 11.21 million kilograms of grain were robbed. In March 1946, the establishment of the joint county was cancelled, and the establishment of a single county was restored. It belongs to the 14th Special Office of the Jidong Administrative Office. In August 1949, it belonged to the Tongzhou Administration of Hebei Province. During this period, from September 16, 1946 to June 16, 1947, the Kuomintang troops occupied Pinggu County and its surrounding 44 villages for only 9 months.

In March 1958, Tongxian County Prefecture was abolished, and Pinggu County was transferred to the Tangshan Prefecture of Hebei Province. In October of the same year, it was incorporated into Beijing City.

Pinggu County has gone through more than 2,000 years since it was established as a county in the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. During this period, counties were merged and merged, and the territory changed. However, the name of the county continues to this day. Just as Wang Zhaoyuan, who wrote the "Pinggu County Chronicles" in the 23rd year of the Republic of China, said: "Since ancient times, the construction of cities must be based on the situation of mountains and rivers. Pinggu is surrounded by mountains on three sides to the south, east, and north, and is surrounded by mountains. It is a screen vassal." On the left and right, it lingers back to the territory and merges into the southwest, forming the natural boundary. The county government was established as far back as the early Han Dynasty, and from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty. Although the provinces were repeatedly reduced, the county was still established, but it could not be changed. "Some people said. Zeng joked: “The name of Pinggu County is cultural relics.

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