Tago’s life story. Representative works, brief introduction

Tagore

Life story:

On May 7, 1861, Tagore was born in Calcutta, West Bengal, India. His family belonged to the merchant and landowning class, a Brahmin caste. During the era of the British East India Company, they became prosperous and became Chaiminda landowners. His grandfather and father were social activists who actively supported the Enlightenment Movement in Bengal and supported social reforms at that time. His father studied the Vedas and Upanishads, was a philosopher and religious reformer, and was full of nationalistic tendencies. Because he was incompatible with the traditional customs of society, he was regarded as an alienated person without caste by the customary forces. He had fourteen children, and Tagore was the youngest in the family. It was in this family that many scholars and artists emerged among brothers, sisters and nephews. Growing up in such a scholarly family where Indian traditional culture and Western culture harmoniously blended, Tagore was influenced by the family environment from an early age.

As the youngest son of his parents, Rabindranath was affectionately called "Rabbi" by his family and became the favorite child of every member of the family, but everyone did not dote on him. The little rabbi attended four schools in Calcutta. Although he disliked all four schools, he received a good education under the supervision of his eldest brother and sister.

Tagore’s literary cultivation first came from the influence of his family environment. He attended Oriental College, Normal College and Bengal College. However, he was free-spirited by nature, disliked the harsh school life, and did not complete the school's formal study courses. His knowledge mainly comes from the advice of his father, brother and tutor, as well as his own extensive reading. He has been obsessed with poetry since he was a child. He has been writing poems since he was thirteen years old. His poems are filled with sentiments against colonialism and love for the motherland.

In 1878, he followed his father and brother's wishes and went to England to study, initially studying law. But he didn't like law, so he transferred to London University to study English literature and Western music. He returned to China in 1880 and specialized in literary creation. In 1884, he left the city and went to the countryside to manage his ancestral tenants. Here he became familiar with the lives of the lower class people and observed the motherland and nature. In 1901, in order to realize his educational ideals, he founded a school in the holy city of Niketan near Bolpur, Bangladesh. This school later developed into a famous international university.

After 1905, the national movement reached its climax. The people of Bengal and all of India rose up to oppose the decision to split Bangladesh, forming a vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Tagore resolutely devoted himself to this movement, full of passion The patriotic campers were filled with righteous indignation and wrote a large number of patriotic poems. However, it was not long before Tagore had differences of opinion with other leaders of the movement. He disapproved of the so-called "direct action" in which the masses burned British goods and insulted the British. He advocated doing more "constructive" work, such as going to the countryside to develop one's own industry, eliminate poverty and ignorance, etc. However, some people did not accept his views, and out of frustration, he quit the movement. From then on, for a long period of time, he lived a reclusive life away from real struggles and immersed himself in literary creation. ·

In 1915, he met Gandhi. This was the meeting of two giants in Indian history. He has long been in contact with the Indian National Congress Party and attended the Congress Party Congress. However, his relationship with the Congress Party has always been distant. He had a very sincere personal friendship with Gandhi. However, he did not agree with some of Gandhi's practices. These two extraordinary figures made no attempt to conceal their differences of opinion. At the same time, they always respect and support each other morally and in social activities.

In 1916, Rabindranath Tagore came to Japan. He was deeply moved by Japan, an emerging country full of vitality. Later, he went to the United States from Japan and gave many reports on the topic of "Nationalism". He denounced "nationalism" in both East and West. He has never had a good impression of the United States, and he hates the ethnic discrimination there. American newspapers and detective agencies often caused him some trouble in terms of public opinion and actions. His subsequent visits to England were not pleasant. In 1929, he visited Canada and then arrived in the United States, where he was detained and questioned by U.S. immigration officials.

In 1919, the "Amritsar Massacre" occurred. The British army shot and killed more than 1,000 Indian civilians. Tagore was very angry, stood up and wrote a righteous letter To the Governor of India, he protested and renounced the title of "Sir" given to him by the British King.

In 1924, he visited China. He had longed for this ancient and fertile Eastern country since he was a child. , and was very sympathetic to the plight of the Chinese people, and wrote an article angrily criticizing the British colonialists for their opium trade. This visit finally fulfilled his long-cherished wish.

In 1930, Tagore visited the young socialist country, the Soviet Union. ．He saw a magical world there, which inspired him so much that he wrote the book "Russian Letters" in praise of the Soviet Union. Although he did not fully understand socialism, he yearned for this new society and wanted to do it. Bring this magical world among the Indian people. His yearning for the world's first socialist country has always been there. In his 80th birthday article, he also emphasized and praised the achievements of the Soviet Union and did not respond to other people's attacks. Affecting his beautiful image of the Soviet Union.

Letter written by Tagore.

In 1934, the Italian fascist army invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and Rabindranath Tagore immediately severely condemned it. In 1936, a rebellion broke out in Spain against the communist government. He stood on the side of the communist government and clearly opposed the perverse actions of fascist leader Franco. In 1938, German fascists invaded Czechoslovakia. He wrote to friends there to express his care and solidarity with the Czechoslovak people. In 1939, German fascists brazenly launched a world war. Following the advice of his European friends, he wrote an article angrily denounced the unjust acts of the German "leaders." Tagore always hated fascism. But he expressed infinite sympathy for the oppressed and weak ethnic groups. Especially towards China, he always has a good impression and hope. He has always been a true and loyal friend of the Chinese people.

On August 6, 1941, Rabindranath Tagore passed away peacefully in his ancestral home in Calcutta, and thousands of citizens mourned him.

Representative works

"Gitanjali", "Gola", "Crisis of Civilization"

Content introduction:

His works reflect the strong desire of the Indian people to change their destiny under the oppression of imperialism and the feudal caste system. They describe their indomitable resistance struggle and are full of distinctive patriotism and democratic spirit. At the same time, they are full of national style and nationality. Characteristic, with high artistic value, deeply loved by the people.

His creations are mostly based on real life in India, reflecting the tragic fate of the Indian people under the oppression of colonialism, feudalism, and ignorant and backward ideas, and depicting the changes in Indian society under the impact of new ideas. and the awakening of a new generation, while also recording his personal spiritual exploration. In terms of creative skills, he not only absorbed the nutrition of national literature, but also drew on the advantages of Western culture, and his artistic achievements were quite high. In particular, his poetry has a fresh style, beautiful verses, strange imagination, beautiful rhythm, and rich lyricism. At the same time, it is full of profound philosophical and religious thoughts, social and life ideals, which tug at the heartstrings of readers. Some poems appear mysterious due to the influence of religious ideas in the Vedas and Upanishads, but they still have a unique artistic charm.