A detailed history of Rome

1, the era of monarchy: the establishment of Rome and its geographical location In the middle of the 8th century BC, the ancient Romans established the city of Rome in the lower reaches of the Tiber River on the Latim Plain in the middle of the Italian peninsula. It gave birth to ancient Roman civilization.

2. * * and the Times: In 509 BC, Rome abolished the "royal government" and changed it to the * * and the system, which began the period of nearly 500 years of Rome and the country.

From the middle of the 3rd century BC, the Roman Republic began to expand overseas. Through Punic War, Macedonian War and Syrian War, the Romans established their hegemony in the Mediterranean region.

3. Imperial Age: * * In the 30 BC of the empire, Octavian, a military strongman who rose after Caesar, defeated his political opponents, ended the decades-long civil war in Rome and seized the supreme power of the country. In 27 BC, he was awarded the title of "Augustus" by the Senate, which marked the entry of Roman history into the imperial era.

By the beginning of the 2nd century AD, the territory ruled by the Romans reached the largest scale: east to the Euphrates River, west to Britain, north to the Danube River and south to North Africa, forming a great empire around the Mediterranean across Europe, Asia and Africa.

4. Crisis and division: In 395 AD, under the impact of the crisis, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts: the Eastern Roman Empire with Constantinople as its capital and the Western Roman Empire with Rome as its capital.

5. The demise of Western Rome: From the 4th century, the resistance movements of the lower classes and slaves came and went, and the Germans took advantage of it and invaded frequently, which impacted the ruling foundation of the empire. In 476 AD, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire was deposed. This event marked the demise of the Western Roman Empire and the end of ancient European history.

6. The demise of Eastern Rome: 1453 On May 29th, after two years of siege, the Ottoman Turkish Empire Muhammad Ⅱ conquered Constantinople and the Byzantine emperor Constantine Xi died. The fall of eastern Rome.

Extended data

The expansion of the Roman Republic made Rome surpass the concept of city-state and become a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-lingual and multi-cultural country around the Mediterranean. In 27 BC, the Senate awarded Gaius Octavius the title of "Augustus", and the Roman Republic entered the imperial era.

During the reign of Trajan (1998-1 17), the Roman Empire reached its peak, with unprecedented economic prosperity and the largest territory: Spain, Gaul and Britain in the west, the upper reaches of the Euphrates River in the east, North Africa in the south and the Rhine and Danube in the north. At its peak, the Mediterranean became the inland sea of the empire, controlling about 5 million square kilometers of land.

In 395, Theodosius I divided the empire between his two sons. Since then, the Roman Empire has been divided into two parts, and it is permanently divided.

In 4 10, Germanic visigoths entered Italy under the leadership of alaric, besieged Rome, opened the city gates with the cooperation of slaves in the city, plundered and left, and then established the visigoth kingdom in the Western Roman Empire.

In 476, the leader of Roman mercenaries, German Odoac, deposed the last emperor of western Rome, and the western Rome came to an end. After the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered the Middle Ages for nearly a thousand years.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Roman Empire