Information about Tibetans?

Tibetans mainly live on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and use Tibetan, calling themselves Boba (Tibetan:? ; Willie: Bodpa). Mainly distributed in Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan in People's Republic of China (PRC), with a population of about 6.3 million (2010); It is also distributed in Nepal, India, Bhutan, Pakistan and other countries around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In addition, nearly 200,000 Tibetans and their descendants immigrated from China.

In the 7th century, Songzan Gambo unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and established the Tubo Empire. In 1 1 and12nd century, Tibetans began to form gradually. Tibetans use Tibetan, which is commonly used. Mainly engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture. He mainly believes in Tibetan Buddhism and has a strong religious atmosphere. Always wearing Tibetan robes. Take Ciba as the staple food, eat more beef and mutton, and like to drink butter tea and highland barley wine. Tents live in pastoral areas and bunkers live in towns. Multi-line celestial burial Tibetan New Year is an important festival.

Tibetan culture is long, splendid and unique, and there are many documents. Tibetan medicine, Tibetan calendar, songs and dances, Thangka and bronze Buddha statues are all unique. The epic "Biography of King Gesar", Regong art and Tibetan opera were selected into the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.

Clan origin

Among Tibetan folk legends about the origin of ethnic groups, the most widespread and dominant one is that macaques mate with hooligans to breed Tibetans. Some scholars speculate that "hooligans" refer to Tibetan aborigines, and "macaques" refer to people from Hengduan Mountain area. The legend of the combination of two metaphors is the marriage between ancient clans.

94% of Tibetan genes come from modern races and 6% from genocide. Among the genes of its modern race, 82% are similar to East Asians, 1 1% are similar to Central Asians, and 6% are similar to South Asians. According to the unique genes of Tibetans, Tibetans came to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 62,000-38,000 years ago. There are many "alien theories" about the origin of Tibetan nationality in history.

Archaeological excavations show that primitive humans lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 39,000-3/kloc-0,000 years ago. Qamdo Karuo site and Lhasa Qugong site are typical representatives of Neolithic culture in eastern Tibet and hinterland of Tibet respectively. According to modern research, the ethnic groups and cultures in Tibetan areas are mainly composed of local aborigines in Tibetan areas and frontier tribes from Gan Qing in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

Another part of the ancient Qiang people developed eastward and participated in the formation of the Han nationality, that is, the Xiqiang tribe in China literature; Some of them moved south to Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Southeast Asia and developed into Tibeto-Burman language. The tribes left on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau gradually developed into today's Tibetans.

After the demise of the Tubo dynasty, Tibetans were finally formed after the former Tubo dynasty conquered the region (the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), especially after the residents of all ethnic groups conquered by the former Tubo dynasty in Gansu, Qinghai and western Sichuan Plateau lived together for centuries, and their lives and blood ties blended with each other, especially after the widespread spread and popularization of Tibetan Buddhism in the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the post-flood period.

Extended data:

First, the surname

Call yourself/design style

In Tibetan, Tibetan area is called Bo (Tibetan:; Willie: bod), calling Tibetans "Boba" (Tibetan:? ; Willie: Bodpa). In addition, Tibetans in different regions have different self-names: Ali region calls itself "Duiba", later Tibet calls itself "Zangba", former Tibet calls itself "Wei Ba", Kangqu calls itself "Kangba" and Amdo region calls itself "Amdo Wow".

he said

Tibetan is the root word of Han nationality. In Tibetan, "Tibetan" originally refers to fullness, purity and clearness, and later refers to the Yarlung Zangbo River ("Tibetan music"), and later refers to the post-Tibetan area centered on Shigatse, the birthplace of the Yarlung Zangbo River. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, China literature began to refer to the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with "Tibet", and people living in "Tibet" were called "Tibetans" and "Tibetans" according to the local names. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the word "Tibetan" was used as the title of Tibetans.

In addition, according to the Tibetan name "Bo" and Tibetan name "Boba", China documents also refer to Tibetans as Fanzu, Fanren, Pupu, Fanba, Boba, Baiba, Beifa and Faqiang.

The Tang Dynasty called the Tibetan regime at that time "Tubo". In Tibetan, "spit" means "above" and "above". "Tubo", that is, "Tibetans living in high places", was originally called a barbarian in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley by Tibetan ancestors around the Tibet Plateau, but it remained after being conquered by barbarian tribes. This title is used in both Mongolian and Manchu, with Mongolian translated into "Tubo" and Manchu translated into "Tubo". The names of Tibetan areas and Tibetans in western languages are also translated from this category. For example, Tibet is called "Tibet" in English.

Ethnic relations

For a long time, Tibetans and Han people in the Central Plains have had close cultural exchanges. During Songtsan Gambu period, the road from Chang 'an to Xining to Tanggula Pass to Naqu and then to Lhasa was opened between Tang Dynasty and Tubo. Since then, the economic and cultural exchanges between Tibetans and Hans have been very close. Han people's ceramics, silk, printing and other technologies were introduced into Tibet, and Tibetans passed a large number of religious documents to the Han people.

Tibetans also have close ties with India in the South Asian subcontinent. At the same time as Songtsan Gampo, Tubo opened the road from Lhasa to Nipolo, and communicated with Tianzhu through Nipolo. When he was in power, he was welcome to enter Tibet from India. Buddhism from India has left a deep impression on the spiritual culture of Tibet. The writing system of Tibetan is also deeply influenced by Sanskrit.

Tibetans have exerted influence on the ruling ethnic groups in the surrounding areas through Tibetan Buddhism. The upper classes of Mongolian in Yuan Dynasty, Manchu in Qing Dynasty and Naxi in Lijiang all accepted the belief of Tibetan Buddhism, and their lives, customs and cultures were also blended in different degrees.

Tibetans have long lived with the ethnic groups of Menba, Barrow and Sherpa on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and have close contacts. The 6th Dalai Lama Cangyang Gyatso is a Menba, born in a corner. The Tibetan language used by Tibetans to record Tibetan language is also used by people in Bhutan, Sikkim and other places to record their own language.

There are some ethnic groups deeply influenced by Tibetans in the Tibetan-Yi Corridor at the junction of Gansu, Qingchuan, Yunnan and Tibet. Most of them use Tibetan outside and their own language at home. They are officially recognized as Tibetans in mainland China, such as Jiarong people and Muya people.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia: Tibetans