The "second earth" discovered by scientists: Can people on earth live in a stable climate or life?

As we all know, the earth is the only planet with life and civilization discovered by human beings at present. But the universe is vast, and no one can guarantee that the earth is the only living planet.

Today, the earth is still a scene of prosperity, and everything is thriving and multiplying from generation to generation. However, nothing will last forever, including the earth.

Even a star as powerful as the sun has a life cycle and will lose its light one day.

Even if the earth is livable, human beings are still too small in front of the universe, and any interstellar accident may become a catastrophe for the earth and human beings.

As The Wandering Earth showed, if human beings want to exist for a long time, they can't escape the fate of another planet suitable for survival.

Fortunately, the current level of science and technology can help us predict the coming of disasters and give mankind more time to avoid disasters. At the same time, NASA is also making unremitting efforts to help mankind find a planet suitable for survival.

So far, the most promising planet for scientists is Kepler 186F. For Kepler 186F, scientists are stepping up their exploration and have made some discoveries.

This planet is highly similar to the earth's environment. It may not only have liquid water resources, but also life. At the same time, this Kepler 186F planet has a stable seasonal variation, which is very rare.

Although scientists' understanding of Kepler 186F is still in the basic stage, it is also an important step for human beings to find planets similar to Earth.

The sci-fi drama "Alien Catastrophe" tells the story that after several years, the earth was destroyed and human beings were forced to find a habitable planet again. There are many similar TV dramas. These TV plays seem avant-garde and bold, but in fact, the journey of human beings looking for the second earth has already begun.

In real life, although the search for a new livable planet is not as urgent as in movies and TV plays, it is an established fact that the earth on which we live will eventually go extinct.

Therefore, for many years, scientists have been trying to find a planet suitable for human habitation, so that in the future, human beings can take root on another planet without being completely extinct.

In the process of finding a suitable planet, scientists mainly judge whether it is qualified according to three points.

One is the distance between the planet and the star, the other is whether there are rocky planets around the planet, and the third is whether there are abundant liquid water resources on the planet.

At first, scientists searched for habitable planets in the solar system and turned their attention to Venus and Mars.

However, after further exploration by scientists, these two planets were judged to be unqualified.

The first is Venus, although Venus has always been called the sister planet of the earth, because its size and weight are similar to that of the earth, and Venus also has an atmosphere similar to that of the earth.

But the temperature of Venus is extremely high, with an average annual temperature of 480 degrees Celsius. Besides, the orbit of Venus makes it impossible for it to change in four seasons.

Venus's atmosphere is also very different from that of the earth, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is as high as 98%, which is unbearable for human beings. The harsh environment of its planet also leads to frequent acid rain on the surface of Venus.

On the whole, Venus is extremely unsuitable for human habitation in terms of climate, temperature and environment.

Followed by Mars, which is currently recognized as the most suitable planet for human migration in the solar system except the Earth. Many countries attach great importance to Mars and have sent probes to Mars many times. Landing on Mars has always been a human dream.

Elon musk, the world's richest man, once launched a program about immigrants from Mars. Even though those chosen to go to Mars may never come back, thousands of people still signed up for this project.

However, according to scientists' research on Mars, the atmosphere of Mars is thin, the oxygen content is extremely low, and a lot of ultraviolet rays will shine on the surface of Mars. The thin atmosphere will also make the surface of Mars unable to form a greenhouse effect, thus causing the problem of low temperature.

Therefore, for a fragile living body like human beings, the chances of taking root and sprouting on Mars are very slim.

So far, there are no planets suitable for human migration in the solar system, so scientists have expanded their exploration scope and started to explore planets outside the solar system.

At present, scientists have excavated more than 4,000 exoplanets and discovered hundreds of planets in the "livable zone". Scientists collectively refer to these planets as "super earth".

Among them, Kepler 22b, which is 2.4 times larger than the earth, is a typical representative of these "super-earths". Its surface temperature is roughly maintained at-1 1 celsius, and it was once considered as the most livable planet except the earth.

Later, scientists discovered Kepler 452b, which is called "the big cousin of the earth" and is about 1400 light years away from the earth. Its distance to the stars is similar to that of the earth and the sun, as well as flowing water resources and the atmosphere.

The discovery of Kepler 452b replaced Kepler 22b as a livable planet at that time.

With the development of science and technology, scientists have more tools and methods to explore the universe, and soon NASA discovered another planet more suitable for immigrants than Kepler 452-Kepler 186f.

Planets are highly similar in size to the earth, and liquid water and climate change are also suspected. Scientists even suspect that there is life on the surface of the planet. Compared with the first two exoplanets, Kepler 186f is obviously closer to the earth's environment.

Although human exploration of exoplanets has made some achievements, the resistance suffered by human beings is far more than finding planets, and there are still many difficulties that human beings need to overcome.

For example, the speed of human beings is too small for the vast universe.

1977, NASA launched the Voyager series of space probes. It has been 45 years since the launch, but it has not left the solar system. It will take at least 300 years for the probe to leave the solar system.

It can be seen that there is still a long way to go before human beings can complete the mission of emigration.

Although it is almost impossible for human beings to emigrate to alien planets at present, it is a great progress to explore Kepler 186f similar to the Second Earth, which is of great significance to human migration in the future.

Before talking about Kepler 186F, let's learn about its revolving star Kepler 186.

This is an extrasolar red dwarf star, about 500 light years away from the earth. Scientists named it Kepler 186. The mass of this star is about 0.56 times that of the sun, and its internal temperature is slightly lower than that of the sun.

There are many planets orbiting this star. The planets around the red dwarf are named B, C, D, E, F, G and H according to the distance between the planet and the star. The planet near Kepler 186 was named Kepler 186f.

NASA NASA took the lead in discovering the first four planets orbiting the revolution, namely Kepler 186b, Kepler 186c, Kepler 186d and Kepler 186e.

The four planets revolve around Kepler 186 red dwarf for four days, seven days, thirteen days and twenty-two days respectively.

The characteristics of these four planets are that they are very close to the stars, and the surface temperature of the planets is very high, so no living thing can survive at this temperature.

So scientists began to look for the fifth planet far away from Kepler 186 red dwarf, and finally found this planet through Kepler telescope, and spent three years analyzing and detecting the signal of Kepler186 F.

This planet is located in Cygnus, in the "livable zone", not far from the position of the star.

Although scientists have discovered many planets in the "livable zone" before, they are all relatively large, and the smallest planet is found to be 40% larger than the earth.

According to scientists' calculations, the density and mass of Kepler 186F meet the standards of rocky planets.

So scientists studied Kepler 185F. According to the known photos, Kepler 186F is very similar to the earth in shape and size, about 1. 1 times of the earth, and there is the possibility of liquid water on its surface.

Only the mass and density of Kepler 186F are unknown.

Kepler 186F is about 500 light years away from the earth and orbits the red dwarf Kepler 186. Its period of revolution is about 130 earth days, its orbital radius is about 36% of the distance from the earth to the sun, and its position is similar to that of Mars in the solar system.

Planets can get energy from red dwarfs in their revolutions, but only the earth gets one-third of the energy from the sun.

Although Kepler 186F is similar to Earth in all aspects, it does not mean that this planet is necessarily suitable for human habitation. Just because the planet is in the "livable zone" does not mean that the planet itself is livable.

Climate and temperature are very important factors for human survival on a planet, and the temperature of Kepler 186F mainly depends on the thickness and composition of the planet's atmosphere.

Thomas blake, the co-author of Science magazine, once described Kepler 186F. He said: "Kepler 186F may be regarded as the cousin of the earth, but it is not a twin."

For a long time, mankind has been looking for another livable planet. Kepler 186F is by far the most Earth-like planet, so is it suitable for human habitation? Is there life on this planet 500 light years away from the earth?

Although scientists have high expectations for Kepler 186F, so far there is still a lot of information about the planet that cannot be known. Scientists can only rely on experience to describe Kepler 186F.

According to the distance between Kepler 186F and the star, scientists speculate that there are liquid water resources on the planet, because the heat provided by the red dwarf can maintain the liquid water of Kepler 186F.

At the same time, the planet is a rocky planet, and its atmospheric environment is good and sufficient. The atmospheric composition of Kepler 186F should be similar to that of the Earth.

At present, scientists speculate that Kepler 186F meets the conditions of three livable planets: a proper distance from stars, rocky planets and the existence of liquid water resources. It has not been found that the planet itself poses a hard threat to human life.

Suppose scientists find that Kepler 186F is indeed a livable planet, is it possible for human beings to survive on this planet?

According to the current level of science and technology, it is impossible for human beings to board Kepler 186F. At present, the fastest known aircraft is the American Parker solar launcher, which can fly 700,000 kilometers per second.

Kepler 186F is about 500 light-years away from the Earth, and the American Parker solar launcher needs to fly continuously for more than two million years to reach the planet.

Therefore, although human beings are rare intelligent creatures in the universe, their strength is still too small. Facing the huge universe, human science and technology still have little influence on the universe.

Even in many years to come, it will be difficult for human beings to break through the difficulty of speed.

However, scientists exist not to invent laws, but to discover the laws of the universe. The history of mankind has been 6 million years, and we haven't found a few natural laws, but the things that human beings rely on to extend and develop are endless.

Man's exploration of nature is still in its infancy, and there are countless unsolved mysteries in the scientific community. Therefore, it is difficult to guarantee that there will be no break of the established time in the future.

For example, the existence of the "wormhole" predicted by Einstein before his death can distort time and space and achieve the effect of crossing.

For today's human beings, alien migration is a very sci-fi topic.

That's true. Our generation and even future generations need not worry about the survival of the earth. Immigration is really an abstract existence for people today.

But the reason why small human beings are precious in the vast universe is because we are intelligent creatures, and we have the conditions to create our own destiny instead of waiting for it to invade us.

Although the human body is small, human wisdom is the only chance to transcend the existence of the universe. If we do nothing and start to succumb to destruction early, what is the point of what human beings are doing now?

The immigration plan is a relay race, which requires several generations to take over the banner of their ancestors and keep going. This kind of cooperation is not for our own initiative, but for the greatness of mankind.

However, there are not only selfless people in this world, but also many people make unrestrained demands on the earth for temporary enjoyment and interests.

Such demand will only make the earth dry up prematurely and greatly shorten the time for human beings to find another way out for themselves.

The earth is the foundation on which we live. Even though human beings have been planning immigration plans for a long time, it is too difficult to realize this idea, and it is hard to say when it will be completed.

Therefore, as a member of the earth, protecting the earth's environment and cherishing the earth's resources is our reward for it and the wealth left to future generations.

If we don't take good care of the earth, it's useless to find many Kepler 186F. We need to love the earth and fear nature. Even though human wisdom is infinite, we can't exist without nature.