What's the difference between ecological migration and environmental migration? Does environmental migration include ecological migration?

Ecological migration refers to the population migration in order to protect or restore the special ecology of a certain area, such as the large-scale migration in the source areas of the Three Rivers (Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River). Sanjiangyuan is the largest ecological function area and water conservation area in China, which plays an ecological barrier role in the sustainable development of the middle and lower reaches and even the whole country. Because human activities have aggravated the ecological degradation in this area, local residents have been moved to other places through natural restoration. Eco-migration also refers to immigrants who move out the local people as a whole because of the harsh natural environment and the lack of poverty alleviation conditions in the local area. For example, in Mashan area of Guizhou Province, due to the continuous loss of water and soil resources, the local people have lost their basic living conditions and have to move to other places.

Environmental migration refers to the population migration caused by the deterioration of the natural environment on which people live; The reasons include natural disasters, ecological environment degradation, environmental pollution and other environmental factors. Environmental migrants caused by catastrophic environmental events such as floods, droughts, mudslides, landslides and earthquakes are called "environmental disaster migrants"; Environmental migration caused by desertification, desertification, soil erosion and other ecological environment degradation can be called "ecological migration"; Environmental migrants caused by environmental pollution incidents can be called "environmental pollution migrants". There are three main factors of environmental migration: (1) the overloaded area where the total population exceeds the environmental capacity of the population, which is the fundamental reason of environmental migration, mainly manifested in living in poverty due to insufficient food and water resources and poor sanitation conditions; (2) The areas with large population and unsaturated population make environmental migration possible; (3) The will of immigrants (including the will that is enforced by coercive means) enables environmental migration to be realized.