Harm of Yushu earthquake to the source region of the Three Rivers.

Yushu prefecture, Qinghai province, where Tibetans live in compact communities, is located in the Three Rivers source area, which is of great significance to the Chinese nation.

1. Protecting Yushu ecology means protecting China Water Tower.

Sanjiangyuan is the highest altitude and largest plateau wetland ecosystem in the world, and it is also the largest water-producing area in China. The annual output of the three major rivers is 60 billion cubic meters, of which 25% of the total water of the Yangtze River, 49% of the total water of the Yellow River and 15% of the total water of the Lancang River come from this area.

Sanjiangyuan is a precious germplasm resource and plateau gene bank. It is the area with the most concentrated biodiversity in high altitude areas in the world, and it is one of the few remaining habitats of large terrestrial rare wild animals in the world. It is of great value in scientific research, ecological balance and even humanities.

Protecting the ecological environment of Yushu Prefecture is of great significance to protect the ecology of the Three Rivers Source Region. The ecological environment in the Three Rivers source area is very fragile, which is mainly characterized by strong surface weathering, thin soil layer, rough texture, cold climate, short plant growth period, weak self-regulation ability and poor recovery ability. Once the surface vegetation is destroyed, the natural restoration cycle will be long, and artificial restoration will pay a huge price.

In recent decades, large and small lakes and rivers in the Sanjiangyuan region have shrunk rapidly or even dried up, and large marshes have disappeared, and the ecological environment in the Sanjiangyuan region has deteriorated day by day. The problem of environmental resources in the source of the Three Rivers is endangering the ecological balance and national security, and has become a restrictive factor for the development of the western region and the economic and social development of China.

Protecting the ecological environment of Yushu Prefecture has an irreplaceable strategic position for national ecological security. The change of ecological environment in the source region of the Three Rivers not only affects its own ecological environment quality, but also affects the ecological security of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River and even the whole country. As a part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sanjiangyuan region constitutes the upstream key section of the most important river in China, which plays an initial role in the water cycle of major rivers and has a great influence on the hydrological cycle and water quantity in the middle and lower reaches.

In recent years, the Yellow River has been cut off frequently, and the floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are closely related to the degradation of ecological environment and the destruction of vegetation in the source area of the Three Rivers.

2. There are abundant species of animals and plants in the Three Rivers source area.

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwest of Qinghai Province, with a total area of about 270,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 1/3 of the total area of the province, and governs 6 counties. In 2009 (provided by the National Family Planning Bureau), the total population was over 350,000, of which 96.5% were Tibetans, 3.0 1% were Han, 0.27% were Hui and 0. 19% were other nationalities. It is a minority area dominated by Tibetans and the birthplace of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River.

Yushu Prefecture, located in the source region of the Three Rivers, is the upper reaches of the most important rivers in China and Asia (namely, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River). Yushu Prefecture also has the famous Hoh Xil Nature Reserve, which is rich in wildlife and mineral resources. Hoh Xil retains the original ecological environment and unique natural landscape. Hoh Xil is rich in animal and plant resources. The endemic species here are not only rare animals and plants in China, but also attract the attention of the world, which is very important both academically and in nature conservation.

3. Sacrificing local interests to build a national ecological barrier

In order to protect the local ecological environment, Yushu Prefecture has made a unique contribution to China. Yushu people actively return farmland to forests and grasslands, enclose fenced grasslands, strengthen the protection of the Three Rivers, and protect the overall ecological environment of China at the expense of local economic interests.

Since the start of the ecological and construction project of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in 2005, Yushu Prefecture has seriously implemented the grazing prohibition and relocation project with returning grazing to grassland and ecological migration as the main contents, and all the work has achieved remarkable results. Quanzhou has implemented more than 20 ecological protection and construction projects in Sanjiang, returning 34,249,400 mu of grazing land to grassland, harnessing 40,000 mu of black soil beach, resettling 3,825 households, and closing hillsides to prohibit grazing/0/662,590 sheep units. Three national nature reserves, five provincial nature reserves and 54 national nature reserves have been built in Sanjiangyuan, Hoh Xil and Longbao Lake. Tongtianhe, Dong Zhong, Yuegu Zonglie, Guozong Muka, Gradandong, Dangqu, Ansai, Baizha, Jiangxi, Suojiaquma River 10 core areas, with the protection and restoration of ecological functions as the main task, form a restricted and prohibited development area with Sanjiang ecology and construction as the main content.

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□ Regional overview

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province is located at the source of Sanjiang River in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the southwest of Qinghai Province.

Yushu Prefecture is the birthplace of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River. There are many rivers in this area. The main and tributaries of the Yellow River are 559 kilometers long in the territory, with a total basin area of 238,000 square kilometers, accounting for 89. 12% of the total area of the whole state.

Yushu Tibetan means "site". The longest thing in the Autonomous Prefecture is 738 kilometers, and the widest from north to south is 406 kilometers, with a total land area of 267,000 square kilometers, accounting for 37.2% of the total area of the province.

Yushu Prefecture, founded in 195 1 12, is the first minority autonomous prefecture in Qinghai Province and the second in China. It is the autonomous prefecture with the highest proportion of main ethnic groups, the highest altitude, the largest per capita area and the most important ecological status among the 30 ethnic autonomous prefectures in China. Yushu Prefecture governs six counties: Yushu, Chengduo, Nangqian, Zaduo, Zhiduo and Qumalai.

□ Religious culture

Yushu is a religious area inhabited by Tibetans, and Tibetan Buddhism has a history of more than 800 years. Because it is located on the ancient Tang-Fan road leading from the Central Plains to Tibet, there are many monasteries with Tibetan Buddhism as the center and strong religious color. Before liberation, monasteries all over the state were not only places for local cultural and artistic activities, but also centers for cultural education. After a long period of continuation and evolution, it has now formed a unique venue for religious, cultural and artistic activities. Due to the profound influence of historical process, geographical conditions and natural environment, local people have different characteristics from other Tibetan areas in psychological quality, language style, aesthetic point of view, lifestyle and traditional habits. There are 192 Tibetan Buddhist temples in the whole state (accounting for 29.23% of the total number of Tibetan Buddhist temples in Qinghai Province).

Yushu Prefecture is represented by Tibetan Buddhist culture, including Jiegu Temple in Jiegu Town, Princess Wencheng Temple and Mani Stone Pile in Xinzhai. Zhu Jie Temple, Dangka Temple Temple and Dogan Temple in many counties; Gaer Temple in Nangqian County. Although Nangqian County is remote, it is the county with the densest temples in Qinghai Province, and there are many Buddhist temples of various schools.

□ Natural resources

Yushu Prefecture is an area with animal husbandry as the main part and farming and animal husbandry as the sideline, with an average elevation of more than 4,200 meters. The annual rainfall is about 520 mm, and the annual average temperature is 0.0℃. The oxygen content of air is only 40 ~ 60% of sea level. There are 265,438+10,000 mu of grassland and 267,000 mu of cultivated land, mainly planting highland barley, peas, potatoes, rape and taro. There are 26/kloc-0 mineral occurrences, including more than 40 kinds of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, coal, sulfur, crystal and jade, with a total reserve of 30 billion tons. There are 9 13 identified Chinese herbal medicines, including Cordyceps sinensis, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Fritillaria, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Saussurea involucrata. There are 80 kinds of animal medicines, mainly pilose antler and musk.

There are four natural forest areas in Quanzhou with a total area of 390,000 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 2. 1%. In Yuan Ye, a mountain jungle, there are all kinds of rare birds and animals, mainly including wild yak, wild donkey, Tibetan antelope, rock sheep, white-lipped deer, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, rare black-necked crane, pheasant and snow chicken. The species of birds ranks first in the province, and the species of mammals ranks second in the province.