Who is the most famous astrophysicist on earth?

1, Galileo was the first scientist who made great achievements in observing celestial bodies with a telescope. 1609, after knowing that the Dutch had telescopes, Galileo made an astronomical telescope (later called galileo telescope) and used it to observe celestial bodies, and discovered many previously unknown astronomical phenomena. He found that with the increase of telescope magnification, the number of stars he saw also increased; The Milky Way is made up of countless independent stars; There are uneven phenomena on the surface of the moon (the first map of the moon was drawn by hand), and the phenomenon of Venus' profit and loss; Jupiter has four satellites (actually, the largest four of Europa, now called Galileo satellite). He also discovered sunspots, and believed that sunspots were phenomena on the sun. He concluded from the rotation period of sunspots on the sun's surface that the rotation period of the sun is 28 days (actually 27.35 days). 1637, in the case of poor eyesight, he also found the Sunday of the moon and the Zhou Yue libration. These discoveries ushered in a new era of astronomy.

2. stephen william hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA (English: stephen william hawking, 1942, 65438+18 October-), a famous physicist in Cambridge University, England, is considered as one of the most outstanding theoretical physicists after Einstein. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are paralyzed and unable to pronounce. From 1979 to 2009, he served as Lucas Professor of Mathematics, which is one of the most lofty professorships in Britain.

3. Mikolaj Kopernik (1473—1543) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician, doctor of church law and priest from15 to 16 centuries.

At the age of 40, Copernicus suggested that Heliocentrism's denial of the authority of the church changed human's view of nature and himself. At that time, the Roman Catholic Church mistakenly believed that his Heliocentrism violated the Bible. However, Copernicus still firmly believed in Heliocentrism, and believed that there was no contradiction between Heliocentrism and the Bible. After years of observation and calculation, he completed his masterpiece.

4. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), an outstanding astronomer in Germany, discovered three laws of planetary motion, namely, the law of orbit, the law of area and the law of periodicity, which can be described as follows: all planets run in elliptical orbits with different sizes; At the same time, the area swept by the planet in the radial direction on the orbital plane is equal; The square of the planet period of revolution is proportional to the cube of its distance from the sun. These three laws finally won him the reputation of "sky legislator". At the same time, he also made important contributions to optics and mathematics. He is the founder of modern experimental optics.

5. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (C.F.Gauss,1April 30, 777-1February 23, 855), male, is a famous German mathematician, physicist, astronomer and geodetic scientist. As one of the founders of modern mathematics, Gauss is regarded as one of the most important mathematicians in history and is known as the "prince of mathematics". Gauss, Archimedes and Euler are tied as the three greatest mathematicians in the world. I have achieved great success in my life.

The achievements named after his name "Gauss" include 1 10, which is the most among mathematicians. Gauss has a great influence in history, and can be juxtaposed with Archimedes and Euler.

6. Newton made reflecting telescope in 1672. He used the universal gravitation between particles to prove that the external gravitation of a spherically symmetric sphere can be replaced by particles with the same mass in the center. He also explained various phenomena of tides with the principle of universal gravitation, pointing out that the magnitude of tides is not only related to the phase of the moon, but also related to the orientation of the sun. Newton predicted that the earth was not a right sphere. Precession is caused by the disturbance of the equator by the sun.

7. Walter Baade?? (1893-1960) German astronomer who spent most of his scientific research career in the United States. Budd put forward the concept of two kinds of star groups, correctly distinguished two kinds of Cepheid variables, and made an important revision to the scale of cosmic distance. Budd was born on March 24th, 1983 in Schleitinghausen, Germany. When he was young, he studied at the universities of Mü nster and G? ttingen. 19 19 received his doctorate. Then he worked at the burgdorf Observatory at the University of Hamburg. 193 1 year, bud immigrated to the United States and worked at Mount Wilson Observatory. 1948 entered Paloma Observatory, 1958 retired. Bud retired and returned to G? ttingen, where he died on June 25th, 1960.

8. Guo Shoujing (1231-1316), with thoughtful words, was a famous astronomer, mathematician and water conservancy expert in Yuan Dynasty. Han nationality, Shunde Xingtai (Xingtai County, Xingtai City). Born in Yuan Taizong for three years, died in Yuan Renzong for three years. Guo Shoujing used to be the water superintendent, responsible for repairing the canal from Dadu to Tongzhou. 1276, Guo Shoujing revised the new calendar, and after four years, it worked out the chronograph calendar, which has been used for more than 360 years. This was the most advanced calendar in the world at that time. 198 1 year. To commemorate the 750th anniversary of Guo Shoujing's birth, the International Astronomical Society named a crater on the moon after him.

9. Zu Chongzhi (April 20, 429-500), Han nationality, was born in Wen Yuan. He was an outstanding mathematician and scientist in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Born in Yuanjia and Liu for six years, he died in Hou Yongyuan and was in a coma for two years. Grandpa Zuchang used to be a "great craftsman" in Liu Song, in charge of civil engineering.

Zu Chongzhi created the Daming calendar, and introduced precession into the calendar at the earliest. New leap weeks of 39 1 year and 144 leap months are adopted. The number of months and days of intersection (27.438+0223) and the number of days of return year (365.428) were accurately calculated for the first time.

And so on, and invented a method to measure the length of noon shadow in the days before and after the winter solstice, and determined the time of winter solstice with a standard table.

10, Stone God, date of birth and death to be tested. Shi Shenfu, an astronomer and astrologer of Wei State in the mid-Warring States period, was born in Kaifeng, one of China people named after the crater on the back of the moon. He has eight volumes of Astronomy (this book was honored as Historical Records after the Western Han Dynasty) and Hun Tian Tu. Shi Gan Xing Jing occupies an important position in the history of astronomy in China and even in the world.

1 1, Zhang Heng made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy, mechanical technology and seismology in China, invented the armillary sphere and seismograph, and was one of the representatives of the armillary sphere theory in the middle Eastern Han Dynasty. Known as the "wood saint" by later generations. Because of his outstanding contribution, the United Nations Astronomical Organization named a crater on the back of the moon as "Zhangheng Crater" and the asteroid 1802 in the solar system as "Zhanghengxing". Later, in memory of Zhang Heng, Zhang Heng Museum was built in Nanyang.