Introduction of Bud Schubert

Country or region: Germany-USA

Subject: Astronomers

Invention:

Simple calendar

Bud. Walter is a German-born American astronomer. Born in Tinghausen, Westphalia on March 24th,1893; 1960 died in gottingen on June 25th. Budd 19 19 received a doctorate from the University of G? ttingen. After working in Hamburg University for eleven years, 193 1 came to the United States. It was at Mount Wilson and Paloma Observatory that he made the greatest contribution to astronomy. Indeed, in 1920, he made an interesting discovery about the asteroid seagull. Its orbit extends beyond Saturn's orbit, which is the farthest known at that time and now (1977). The asteroid between Mars and Uranus may be the farthest. -the translator's asteroid. Because of his strangeness, Budd discovered the asteroid Icarus at 1948; Its orbit extends in the range of about 30 million kilometers from the sun, which is closer than Mercury, so it is the closest asteroid known to the sun. Obviously, as Kuiper and Nicholson also pointed out, there are still new discoveries to be made in the solar system, although Budd called asteroids "pests in the sky" in a gentle and contemptuous tone. Outside the solar system, 194 1 year kuiper (suspected to be Bud's fault. A small nebula was found near the location of the new star that Kepler first discovered. However, Budd began to make his greatest contribution at 1942. The wartime blackout in Los Angeles made the night sky on Mount Wilson very clear. Budd took this opportunity to study the Andromeda galaxy in detail with a telescope of 100 inch. For the first time, he was able to distinguish some stars in this galaxy. Before that, Hubble tried to decompose, and he only observed the blue and white giant planets in the spiral arms. Budd noticed that the brightest stars in the inner region of this galaxy are red, not blue and white. Budd believes that there are two groups of stars with different structures and histories. He called the stars outside the galaxy the first group of stars, and the stars with reddish inner regions the second group of stars. The first group of stars are relatively young, and they are produced from the dusty environment of the spiral arms. The second group of stars is older and comes from the dust-free area of galactic nuclei. When the 200-inch telescope began to operate after World War II, Budd continued his research and found more than 300 Cepheid variables in the Andromeda galaxy. He found that Cepheid variables were found in the stars of the first and second star groups, but the Cepheid variable curve obtained by shapley and Loewit was only applicable to the second star group. It is the second group of stars in globular cluster, wheat cluster and Magellanic Cloud, so the distance obtained is good, both inside and outside the Milky Way to Magellanic Cloud. But the distance between outer galaxies, like Hubble's conclusion, is based on the Cepheid variable of the first star family. For these Cepheid variables, Budd got a new cyclic curve at 1952. On this curve, stars with a certain period prove to be much brighter. This means that if the blue and white Cepheid variable in Andromeda's spiral arm really looks so dark, then the distance of this galaxy must be much farther than Hubble thought. Andromeda galaxy is not 800,000 light years, but more than 2 million light years. The whole universe has increased twenty times. Now imagine that time to go back, galaxies (moving at their observed speed) will finally meet in 5 billion or 6 billion years, instead of 2 billion years for Hubble's smaller universe. Geologists believe that this period of time is sufficient for the evolution of the earth. They know that the earth's crust has a history of more than three billion years. In fact, there are signs that the universe is much older than 6 billion years, but our own solar system is certainly not older. Budd's discovery also means that because Andromeda and other galaxies are much farther away than previously thought, they must be much bigger to look as bright as they look from the earth. Our own galaxy is by no means a supergiant galaxy much larger than all other galaxies, but a normal size. For example, it is smaller than the Andromeda galaxy. Just as Copernicus drove away the earth, shapley drove away the sun, and Budd also drove away the leadership of our galaxy. With the increasing scale of the universe, people's attention began to shift from a single galaxy to galaxy groups and clusters. Zwicky has won a reputation in the field of space research. As Jansky was the first radio launch to discover outer space, the construction of radio telescope provided a new tool for remote research. For example, one of the strongest radio sources in the sky can't find any corresponding celestial bodies within the effective range of a 200-inch telescope; Later, a twisted galaxy discovered by Budd in Cygnus proved to be the radio source. Radio waves emitted by galaxies can be clearly detected at a distance of 260 million light years. It has been seen that a practical size radio telescope can cross a distance that no practical size optical telescope can. The era of cosmic shooting star exploration has really begun. 1958, bud returned to gottingen, Germany, and the "magnifying machine" of the universe died.