Does Greenland in the Arctic belong to Canada or Denmark? What is its economy? What are its indigenous peoples?

Greenland

Name Greenland (Greenland, Kalaallit Nunaat)

Area 2.1756 million square kilometers

Population 56,200

< p>Age structure:

0-14 years old: 27% (male 7718; female 7483)

15-64 years old: 68% (male 20860; female 17272)

65 years and over: 5% (1332 males; 1644 females) (2000)

Population growth rate: 0.09% (2000)

Birth rate: 16.85 births/1,000 Population (2000)

Mortality rate: 7.55 deaths/1,000 Population (2000)

Sex ratio:

Births: 1 male/female

< p>Under 15 years old 1.03 males/females

15-64 years old: 1.21 males/females

65 years old and above: 0.81 males/females

Total population : 1.13 boys/female (2000)

Infant mortality rate: 18.26 /1000 (2000)

Life expectancy at birth:

Total population: 68.07 years< /p>

Male: 64.52 years

Female 71.69 years (2000)

Fertility rate: 2.45 births/woman (2000)

Ethnicity: 87% Greenlanders (Inuit and European Greenlanders), Danish and 13% other

Religion: Lutheran

Language: Greenlandic (Eastern Inuit) (language), Danish, English

The capital is Nuuk, formerly known as Godthaab. Population: 14,000 (January 2001).

Governor-General Peter Lauritzen (appointed on April 1, 2002).

Brief Profile

The largest island in the world. Located in northeastern North America. About 4/5 of the island is within the Arctic Circle. The coastline is 44,000 kilometers long. The annual average temperature is below 0 ℃, and the lowest can reach -70 ℃.

No one knows when Greenland’s indigenous people came here and why they chose such a desolate place to live. When the Icelandic colonists arrived here in 982, they found it uninhabited. At the extreme south end of the island, the Icelanders established three strongholds that they held on to over the next few centuries.

The name Greenland was given by these Scandinavians. According to the Norse mythological epic saga, Erikson the Red Beard fled from Iceland to this place after committing murder. The Eriksons and their slaves sailed northwest to discover a land rumored to exist there. When he settled on the island, he named the island Greenland (meaning "green land") to attract more immigrants. (At least the fjord at the southern end of the island was still grassy.) His clever plan worked, and the Nordic settlers were able to live in harmony with the newly arrived Inuit people. In the 12th century, a Catholic bishopric was even established in Greenland. In 1386, Greenland officially belonged to Norway. Since Norway was a member of the Kalmar Union of the three Nordic countries at that time, after the union collapsed, Greenland fell under the rule of the Danish-Norwegian dual monarchy. After persisting for more than five hundred years, the Norse settlements suddenly disappeared in the 15th century, most likely due to widespread food shortages caused by the Little Ice Age. The remains of residents of this period that were later discovered showed signs of malnutrition.

In 1814, according to the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark regained sovereignty over Greenland. In the 1920s, after Norway gained independence from Denmark, it occupied the then uninhabited eastern Greenland, claiming it as unclaimed land and claiming sovereignty over it. In 1933, Denmark and Norway agreed to submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice under the League of Nations. According to the arbitration results, Denmark gained sovereignty over all Greenland. On early maps, Greenland was also marked with the name Gruntland (meaning the land of the earth). No one knows whether Grunt is a corruption of Green or vice versa. During World War II, the connection between Greenland and mainland Denmark was severed when Nazi Germany occupied Denmark on April 9, 1940. Greenland managed to trade with the United States and Canada to obtain necessary commodities through the mining of Ivigtut's cryolite deposits. This situation lasted until the end of the war. The climate of the North Atlantic is heavily influenced by ocean current conditions off the coast of northeastern Greenland. As a result, skirmishes also took place in this area during World War II.

In 1943, a Danish soldier was killed in the area, and a year later a German soldier was killed there.

Politics

It has an autonomous parliament and an autonomous government. Affairs such as taxation, underground resources, education, culture and social welfare are the responsibility of the autonomous government; defense, diplomacy, justice and currency are in charge of the Danish government. The governor is appointed by the Danish monarch. Has 2 seats in the Danish Parliament. Has its own flag and stamps. A general election was held in February 1999 to form a coalition government between the Kadima Party and the Workers' Party.

Parliament

The Autonomous Parliament (Landsting) is elected by universal suffrage with a term of 4 years and 31 seats. The current Autonomous Assembly was elected in February 1999, with 11 seats for the Kadima Party, 8 seats for the Solidarity Party, 7 seats for the Workers' Party, 4 seats for the Independent Alliance, and 1 seat for independents. Speaker Johan Lund Olsen Olsen, Workers' Party).

Government

The current autonomous government was formed in February 1999 by the Kadima Party and the Workers' Party. *** has 7 members: Chairman Jonat Mozfit ( Jonathan Motzfeldt, Kadima Party); Josef Motzfeldt (Workers Party), responsible for economy and trade; Alfred Jakobsen (Workers Party), responsible for health, environment and religious affairs ; Benedikte Thorsteinsson (Kadima), responsible for social and labor affairs; Paaviaaraq Heilmann (Kadima), responsible for business; Marianne Jensen, Female, Kadima Party) is responsible for culture, education and scientific research; Peter Groenvold Samuelsson (Peter Groenvold Samuelsson, Kadima Party) is responsible for housing and infrastructure.

Administrative divisions The island is divided into three parts: East Greenland, West Greenland and North Greenland.

Political parties

(1) Progress Party (Siumut): established in July 1977. Chairman Lars Emil Johanson. It is a moderate socialist party that advocates a higher degree of autonomy.

(2) Unity Party (Atassut): established in January 1978. Formerly known as the Solidarity Movement, it was renamed in 1981. Chairman Konrad Steenholdt. Tends to be conservative and advocates strengthening relations between Greenland and Denmark.

(3) Workers' Party (Inuit Ataqatigiit): composed of left-wingers who split from the Kadima Party in 1978. Chairman Josef Motzfeldt. Advocates for Greenland's complete independence from Denmark.

(4) Arctic Party (Issittup Partiia): established in May 1987.

(5) Central Party (Akkulliit Partiiat): established in 1991.

(6) Independent Alliance (Kattusseqatigiit): established in 1998.

Economy

The fishing industry and fish product processing industry are the main economic sectors. A 200-nautical-mile fishing zone was established in 1977. In 1997, the total fishing volume was approximately 121,000 tons, with an output value of more than 400 million kronor. The main seafood products are shrimp, Greenland halibut, cod and salmon. In 1998, there were 441 fishing boats of various types, including 300 speedboats and 103 fishing boats with a tonnage of more than 20 tons.

The economic indicators in 1998 are as follows:

Gross domestic product: 7.71 billion Danish kroner (approximately 1.15 billion US dollars).

Gross domestic product per capita: 137,000 kronor (approximately 20,400 US dollars).

Economic growth rate: 7.8%.

Currency name: Danish krone.

Exchange rate: 1 US dollar = 8.09 crowns. (2000)

Hunting and animal husbandry

Hunting is a traditional industry, with 1/4 of the population making a living from it. The annual output is about 180,000 seal skins and more than 1,000 fox skins. The livestock industry is dominated by sheep and reindeer, with about 15,000 sheep slaughtered annually.

Resources and Mining Industry

The underground contains resources such as lead, zinc, cryolite, chromium, coal, tungsten, molybdenum, iron, nickel, uranium and petroleum, of which cryolite has basically Finished picking. In 1985, it produced 119,000 tons of zinc ore and 26,000 tons of lead ore. There has been no mining activity since 1987. In 1989, a gold deposit was discovered in the east of the island. The preliminary proven reserves are worth about 1.2 billion crowns and can be mined 12 tons per year.

Transportation

The main means of transportation are boats, airplanes, helicopters and sleds. It has regular flights or passenger and cargo ship connections with Denmark, Canada and Iceland. In 2000, there were 3,729 cars, including 2,093 private cars.

Finance

In 1998, the self-government budget revenue was 4.498 billion kronor and the expenditure was 4.325 billion kroner. The total amount of subsidies given by the Danish government to autonomous governments is DKK 1.7 billion.

Foreign trade

Mainly exports fish, shrimp, fur and mineral products; imports various means of production and means of living. The import and export situation of commodities in recent years is as follows (unit: billion kroner):

1998 1999 2000

Import volume 27.4 27.9 29.12

Export volume 17.0 19.3 22.08

p>

Difference -10.4 -8.6 -7.04

The import and export situation with major trading partners in 1999 is as follows (unit: billion kroner):

Export value Import value

Denmark 16.2 Denmark 19.7

Japan 1.6 Norway 1.5

United States 0.3 France 1.3

United Kingdom 0.2 United States 0.6

People’s Life

In 2000, there were 18 hospitals and medical clinics, 90 doctors, 33 dentists, 504 nursing staff, and 441 hospital beds. Price index (1995=100): 2000=105. Wage index (1995=100): 1999=105.

Military

Denmark has a Greenland headquarters on Greenland Island, which is specifically responsible for fishing area patrols, maritime rescue, ocean surveying, meteorological services and liaison with US military bases. On April 9, 1941, Denmark and the United States signed the Greenland Defense Agreement, giving the United States the right to establish military facilities on the island. The United States maintains a Thule military base, radar stations and early warning systems.

Culture and Education

Nine-year free compulsory education is implemented. The teaching language is Greenlandic and Danish is a compulsory subject for students. In 1999/2000, there were 88 primary and secondary schools, with 11,164 students and 1,109 teachers, including 865 local Greenlandic teachers. There are 10 vocational schools, one trade college, one education college, and one small university (University of Greenland). The vast majority of students go to Danish higher education institutions for higher education. The main newspapers and periodicals include the Greenland Post, the Forward Party newspaper and the Solidarity Party newspaper. Greenland Radio and Television broadcasts and broadcasts television programs in Greenlandic and Danish.