Russia's Position on Immigrants

In recent ten years, the immigrant population has become a major problem affecting Russia's social, economic and political development. The emergence of immigrants has brought a series of important social, economic, psychological and moral problems to Russia, forcing the Russian government to put this issue on the agenda.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the main change of Russian immigration problem is the immigration exchange between the former Soviet Union and other countries. According to statistics, in 0989, the number of Russians going to new countries increased from 65438 to 69. 20,000 to 1996 to 19? 1 10,000, minus 3? Six times. At the same time, only 1992 immigrants entered Russia? D 1996 reached 4.5 million. These immigration departments partially compensated Russia for the natural losses caused by the death rate exceeding the birth rate, such as only in 1989? During the period of D 199 1, the population of Russia increased by 3.4 million due to the immigration exchange with new countries.

The main reason for the increase of immigrants from new countries born in the former Soviet Union is that a considerable number of Russian speakers in these new countries have asked to return to Russia and get legal recognition, and some refugees from wars and ethnic conflicts have asked to take refuge in Russia.

In Russia, due to the turmoil in the North Caucasus and other regions, the immigrant population of the Russian Federation has increased significantly, and the number of forced immigrants in this region has exceeded 200,000, which has brought serious economic and social consequences to the country. In addition, due to the large-scale migration of Russian population originally living in the North Caucasus, people are worried that this will pose a threat to the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation and aggravate the social and political instability in the southern part of the country.

At the same time, about 65438+ ten thousand people emigrate abroad for a long time every year in Russia, resulting in a large number of brain drain, and it is difficult for immigrants to fully compensate.

In recent years, due to the transparency of Russia's border with CIS countries and the lack of corresponding laws and regulations for foreigners to immigrate to Russia, immigrants from Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Somalia, Sudan, Sri Lanka and other third world countries have increased. Some immigrants applied for refugee status, but only a few were recognized. Most immigrants live in Russia temporarily, waiting for the opportunity to go to western countries.

According to experts' assessment, there are currently about 654.38+0.5 billion illegal immigrants in Russia. This means that it will be a long-term task for Russia to organize temporary registration and expulsion of illegal immigrants.

In addition, the outflow of working-age population in some areas of Russia not only reduces the population in these areas, but also makes the population structure unreasonable.

Immigrants are mostly concentrated in the central area of the European part of Russian countries and other old residential areas with dense population, good natural climate conditions and relatively high social and economic development level. Therefore, areas and industries that often need labor force supplement labor force through immigration. Because the law stipulates that immigrants can freely choose their place of residence, it is a difficult problem how to rationally allocate the flow of immigrants according to economic leverage.

In addition, in some cities and regions, illegal employment of immigrants still exists, and improving the work of supervision institutions that employ foreign labor has become a problem that must be seriously considered.

From the end of11980 s to the beginning of11990 s, due to the sporadic nature of the immigration problem at that time, there was no need for systematic work organization at the national level. Only 199 165438 in February, Russia set up a committee on immigrant population, and in June, 1992, an immigration bureau was established on the basis of this committee. The Immigration Bureau has formulated the basic principles and implementation measures of Russian immigration policy, and set up offices all over the country to supervise immigrants.

An important policy of the Russian Federation's immigration reform is the "Long-term Immigration Program" 1992 issued by the government in May on providing assistance to refugees and forced immigrants. Since the immigration problem became more and more serious in the 1990s, new problems appeared in the implementation of this program, so the federal government drew up a new federal immigration program, which is the current (1998? D2000) National Immigration Policy.

According to this outline, the urgent goal of the national immigration policy is to regulate the migration flow, prevent the disastrous consequences in the process of migration development, safeguard the legitimate rights of legal immigrants and provide humanitarian protection for refugees.

The main principles of Russian Federation's immigration policy are: immigrants have the right to choose their place of residence and form of employment; Discrimination against immigrants on the basis of race, belief, nationality, sex, age, belonging social groups and political views is not allowed; The state supports individual immigrants to participate in new housing construction projects; Quota for receiving refugees; The expulsion and forced relocation of refugees are prohibited unless there are pre-defined laws and regulations.

According to the above principles, the main tasks of Russian immigration policy are: defending the rights and interests of immigrants; Safeguard national interests and organize and supervise immigrants; According to the social and economic development, national compatibility, psychological characteristics of immigrants and climate characteristics of immigrant areas, adjust the flow of immigrants; Create conditions for immigrants to actively participate in economic activities.

Russia has signed intergovernmental agreements with Dagestan, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, and reached agreements to help refugees and forced immigrants within the CIS.

The implementation of the immigration policy has enabled a large number of immigrants to get proper resettlement and social assistance, and at the same time strengthened the management and supervision of immigrants and reduced social unrest.

On the issue of immigration, Russia has also strengthened cooperation with countries of the former Soviet Union, European countries and the United Nations and other relevant international organizations. At present, the disorderly flow of foreign immigrants has basically stopped, and Russia is taking measures to actively and effectively attract foreign funds in order to make use of the potential of immigrants and promote the development of the national economy.