Project Overview of Shanmei Reservoir

The Shanmei Reservoir was built in Jiudu Town, Nan'an City, Quanzhou, Fujian Province in 1958 (Jiudu Town was part of the Rocket People's Commune at the time). The location of the dam was at the time when Jiudu Shanmei Village (already submerged in the reservoir bottom), so it is named Shanmei Reservoir. The rainwater collection area is 1,023 square kilometers, accounting for 53.4% ??of the Dongxi Basin area, with a total storage capacity of 655 million cubic meters. It is a large-scale reservoir project mainly for irrigation, combined with flood control, power generation and other comprehensive utilization. The average water inflow of the reservoir over the years is 1.4 billion cubic meters, the normal water storage level is 95 meters above sea level (stone rice), and the corresponding storage capacity is 395 million cubic meters. The minimum working water level for power generation is 80 meters, the regulated storage capacity is 207.7 million cubic meters, and the dead storage capacity (19 million cubic meters) is below an elevation of 60 meters.

The Shanmei Reservoir project started in 1958. In April 1959, in order to implement the infrastructure construction policy of "concentrate efforts and ensure key points", in accordance with the instructions of the provincial and prefectural committees, the Shanmei Reservoir was temporarily suspended as a reserved project. In early 1960, the Shanmei Reservoir project started for the second time. At the end of the year, due to temporary difficulties in the national economy, the project was temporarily suspended. In 1967, the Shanmei Reservoir project was included in the national infrastructure plan. In July of the same year, construction of the dam started with a national investment of 50 million yuan.

In December 1970, the Fujian Provincial Party Committee proposed to accelerate the construction of Shanmei Reservoir. In March of the following year, the core leadership group of the Jinjiang District Revolutionary Committee of the Communist Party of China strengthened the leadership of Shanmei Reservoir and established the core leadership group of the Shanmei Reservoir Party. As of early November, the construction site had formed 4 basic militia groups and various professional construction companies, totaling 88 companies with 23,843 people. The vast number of militiamen, workers, and technicians worked hard day and night to invest in the construction of the project.

In July 1972, the dam project was completed. On September 30, Unit 1 of the power station successfully commissioned and was integrated into the regional power grid for operation. On September 22 of the following year, Unit 2 of the hydropower station was successfully connected to the power grid during trial operation.

During the construction at that time, the steep slope section of the spillway was canceled and replaced with a nose ridge, with no lining for the lower 300 meters. Two trial flood discharges were carried out during the flood season in 1974 and 1975. The maximum discharge volume was 700 cubic meters per second. 300,000 cubic meters of earth and rock were washed downstream. Silt blocked the downstream river channel. The tail water level of the power station was raised by 1 meter, affecting power generation. The hub building consists of a main dam, auxiliary dams, water conveyance tunnels and underground power plants. The foundation of the main dam is composed of quartzite and granite, and the designed seismic intensity is 8 degrees. The hub project has completed 2.3582 million cubic meters of earthwork (including 1.5919 million cubic meters of dam fill and 512,500 cubic meters of spillway excavation), 1.0595 million cubic meters of stone, and 46,300 cubic meters of concrete. The total project volume is 3.504 million cubic meters. rice. ***invested 44.9757 million yuan.

The main dam is a clay core earth-rock mixed dam with a dam height of 73 meters (before dam reinforcement). The corresponding dam crest elevation is 105.5 meters. The dam crest is 305 meters long and 8 meters wide. The maximum dam bottom width is 312.8 meters. rice. The foundation uses curtain grouting to prevent seepage. The auxiliary dam is closely connected to the left end of the main dam and is of slope protection type. The slope protection is 40 meters high, 10 meters wide at the top and 100 meters long.

The spillway is located in a valley 300 meters away from the left bank. Before the dam was reinforced, it was an open wide-top weir with an elevation width of 56 meters. There is a water-filled rubber dam on the weir, which is 56 meters long and 5 meters high. The end is the nose ridge, with an elevation of 84.5 meters.

The water conveyance tunnel is located on the right bank. Its main tunnel is used for construction diversion, flood discharge and water diversion for power generation. It is 303.8 meters long and 7 meters in diameter. The drainage tunnel section behind it is 213 meters long. The maximum designed flood discharge volume of the tunnel is 595 cubic meters per second. Shanmei Irrigation District is one of the 42 large-scale irrigation districts of 500,000 to 1 million acres in the country. It is the only large-scale irrigation district in Fujian Province that irrigates more than 500,000 acres. The scope of the original planned irrigation area includes 902 brigades, 48 ??communes (farms) in 3 counties, Jinjiang, Nan'an and Quanzhou, with a cultivated land area of ??1.3434 million acres, of which 607,000 acres can be irrigated by original water conservancy (the original water storage is 1 million cubic meters) There are 34 reservoirs above 100 meters, with a total storage capacity of 261 million cubic meters, and reservoirs below 1 million cubic meters with a storage capacity of 105 million cubic meters, electric filling machines of 5784 kilowatts, mechanical filling machines of 38382 horsepower and other small water conservancy projects).

The overall plan of Shanmei Irrigation District is based on Shanmei Reservoir as the backbone, giving full play to the role of the original water conservancy projects, making full use of Jinjiang and other inter-regional runoff water sources to divert water for irrigation, and overall planning and dispatching, so that the water conservancy projects in the irrigation district can be connected into an irrigation network . The specific layout of the project is: the tailwater from the Shanmei Reservoir power generation flows through the Dongxi River to the Jinji Sluice to divert water, expand and extend the Jinji North Canal, and connect to the Huinnan Main Canal through the Luoyang Bridge Sluice to irrigate Hui'an farmland. While using the original Jinji South Canal, a new high canal was opened to transport water to the Jinjiang Irrigation Area; water was diverted and lifted upstream of the Jinji Sluice and pumped through the Shitou Electric Irrigation Station to supplement the Shibi Reservoir Jinjiang Irrigation Area, and transfer its water to the Nan'an coast; Quanzhou is directly irrigated by the Jinji South and North Canals.

In the irrigation project, the North Main Canal was completed and opened to water on March 30, 1975; the South Main Canal was opened to water on April 15. The entire project was completed in September 1977, with 12.19 million cubic meters of earth and stone completed and 21.32 million working days invested.

11 electric irrigation stations with an area of ??more than 10,000 acres have been built in Houhai and Huinnan (including Lunqian, Dongxi and Dongling three levels) in Hui'an, Jinnan, Shitou, Xinhua, Hongku and Changfu in Jinjiang, Sidu and Dongshan in Nan'an, etc. There are 11 small stations with a total installed capacity of 97 units and 15,731 kilowatts (Hui’an 7 stations, 21 units with 3,775 kilowatts, Jinjiang 5 stations, 42 units with 9,285 kilowatts, Nan’an 4 stations, 22 units with 2,095 kilowatts, and Licheng, 6 stations with 12 units and 576 kilowatts); modified and expanded hydropower stations 3 wheel pumps; two north and south main canals were expanded or newly opened with a total length of 43.96 kilometers, 9 main canals of the electric irrigation station with a total length of 40 kilometers, and 28 main irrigation canals with a total length of 212.07 kilometers; 2122 new channel buildings were built, including the Huancheng Bridge Tunnel, Dapingshan Tunnel, Luoyang Bridge Gate, Lunqian culvert, Xuantou seven-hole gate, Qujiang Aqueduct, Dongxi culvert, Shudou water diversion hub, Shichuanshan culvert, Annei Tunnel, Chidian Tunnel, Dalun Aqueduct, Chen There are 116 key buildings such as Lin Aqueduct, Dancuo culvert, Zhanglin culvert (including 5 tunnels with a total length of 3460.6 meters, 17 culverts with a total length of 3920 meters, 25 aqueducts with a total length of 6404 meters, 25 highway bridges, various sluices 29, 7 inverted siphons, 1 drainage culvert, 7 other projects); the Shanmei Reservoir to Quanzhou 110 kV transmission line was built with a length of 34 kilometers, and the Quanzhou Houmao 110 kV step-down station was built, with an installed capacity of 2 units of 35,000 kV. VA, 8 35 kV lines with a total length of 111.1 kilometers, 9 35 kVA substations with 14 units of 29,000 kVA; 10 kV distribution lines with a total length of 113 kilometers, 37 transformers with 12,050 kVA. The total investment in the Shanmei Irrigation District Project is 33.855 million yuan, of which 25.9614 million yuan was allocated by the state.

North and South Canal Expansion Project In 1973, the South Canal Expansion Project started. The original water inlet gate was used to build the Yutian Sluice at the Xingma flood control embankment section on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Jinjiang River. The net width of the sluice was 3 meters and the water intake was 8.5 cubic meters/ Seconds, the total water inflow flow of the channel expands to 38.5 cubic meters/second. The Yutian diversion canal is 4.78 kilometers long, with a flow rate of 8.5 cubic meters/second. It merges with the old south canal at 1+417. The flow rate of the channel from the junction to the Shudou water diversion hub is expanded from 12 cubic meters/second to 38.5 cubic meters/second. Second. There are two high and low canals behind the water diversion hub. The low canal uses the old south canal to keep the flow rate of 12 cubic meters/second unchanged, and the high canal is newly opened with a flow rate of 26.5 cubic meters/second. From Shudou in Quanzhou to Gaza Bridge in Jinjiang, the total length is 11.58 kilometers. There are 6 major buildings such as culverts, 8 drainage buildings, and 54 traffic bridges. The South Canal also considers ship traffic requirements. It can be traced from the Shuanggou low canal in Jinjiang through the Shudou water diversion hub ship lock to the main canal, and then from the Yutian newly opened canal through the Yutian sluice to the upstream of the Jinji sluice. On April 15, 1975, the expansion of the South Canal was completed and opened to water. The North Canal expansion project started in July 1973. An additional water inlet hole was built with a net width of 3.0 meters. The elevation of the gate bottom was reduced from the original 6.5 meters to 6.0 meters. The designed water inlet flow rate is expanded from 6 cubic meters/second to 22.5 cubic meters/second. The channel has been expanded from the original 11.44 kilometers to 24.74 kilometers. The designed flow rate entering the Luoyang Bridge Gate is 16 cubic meters per second. There are 31 major buildings and 163 general buildings along the channel. The Dapingshan Tunnel is 1,509 meters long. In April 1977, the expansion of the North Canal was completed and opened to water. The completion of the North Canal played a significant role in increasing agricultural production. In the early days of liberation, the rice yield in the irrigation area was 175 to 200 kilograms per mu. In 1970, it increased to 480 kilograms per mu. In 1979, the rice yield per mu reached 700 kilograms. The Bei Canal is also responsible for supplying water to industries and residents in Quanzhou City and mitigating waterlogging in areas along the canal.

Luoyang Bridge Gate Project Luoyang Bridge Gate is located at the lower reaches of Luoyang River and 500 meters upstream of Luoyang Ancient Bridge. It connects Qiaonan Village in Licheng District to the south and Luoyang Town of Hui'an County to the north. It is the North Canal of Shanmei Irrigation District that conveys water to Hui'an. The county's connection project is also one of the important bridges on the Fuzhou-Xiamen Highway, with comprehensive benefits such as irrigation, transportation, moisture prevention, and flood drainage. The project started in January 1971 and was completed in July 1974. The highway bridge was officially opened to traffic on October 1 of the same year. After the Shanmei Reservoir project was put into operation, it has received irrigation, flood control, power generation and comprehensive operating benefits. The original design irrigation water consumption of the project was 650 million cubic meters, and the irrigation area was 616,700 acres. The approved irrigation area is 650,000 acres, including 420,000 acres in Jinjiang County (including today's Shishi City), 120,000 acres in Hui'an County, 60,000 acres in Licheng District, and 50,000 acres in Nan'an County. By 1990, 480,000 acres were supported by supporting irrigation. Irrigation benefits are significant, and crop yields in the irrigated areas are increasing year by year. After the irrigation area is completed, the average annual crop yield per unit area will increase by 144.5 kilograms, the water conservancy irrigation benefit will increase the annual yield by 28.9 kilograms per mu, and the annual output of the irrigated area will increase by 13,872 tons.

The project supplies Quanzhou City with a water flow rate of 2.44 cubic meters per second for industrial production and residential life, and an annual water consumption of 77 million cubic meters.

The original design flood control effect of the project is to ensure that the 30,000 acres of cultivated land along the coast of Nan'an County Wharf, Meishan, Honglai, Kangmei and Honglai Town will not be affected by floods that occur once in 20 years. The flood control embankments in the lower reaches of Jinjiang River are reduced by Flood peak flow and peak-shifting dispatching can reduce flood peak pressure and improve flood resistance. During Typhoon No. 4 in June 1985, the upstream rainfall was 234 mm, the peak flow rate into the reservoir was 1,287 cubic meters/second, the reservoir water level rose from 81.25 meters to 91.22 meters, and 143 million cubic meters of flood were blocked without any overflow.

During Typhoon No. 9 in 1990, from July 30 to August 5, the average rainfall in the reservoir area was 506.9 millimeters, the peak flow of the reservoir was 2380 cubic meters per second, and the flood volume reached 337 million cubic meters, which is close to a once-in-20-year event. The water level rose from 94.16 meters to 96.88 meters, and the maximum discharge flow was 1,230 cubic meters/second.

From 1973 to 1990, the reservoir used 14.88 billion cubic meters of water for power generation and discharged about 3.24 billion cubic meters of flood water. There are 19,620 acres of water surface for fish farming in the reservoir, which are stocked every year, with a cumulative catch of 175,000 kilograms; there are 3,510 acres of mountainous land in the reservoir area, all planted with American pine and other forest trees, with more than 10,000 lychee, longan, bayberry and other fruit trees (430 acres) planted, and tea trees. 65 acres, with an annual harvest of 3,000 kilograms of tea. Daban Village, Dockside Township, Nan'an County, 50 kilometers northwest of Quanzhou City, is located in the middle reaches of Dongxi River, a tributary of Jinjiang River. The installed capacity of the hydropower station is two 15,000-kilowatt hydroelectric generator units, with an annual designed power generation of 105 million kilowatt-hours. The total storage capacity of the Shanmei Hydropower Station reservoir is 650 million cubic meters. The normal high water level storage capacity is 395 million cubic meters, mainly for irrigation, combined with power generation. The dam is a clay core earth-rock mixed dam. The actual dam is 75.2 meters high, 305 meters long at the top, 360 meters wide at the bottom, and 8 meters wide at the top. In December 1971, equipment installation began, installing a HL-211-LJ25 15,000-kilowatt hydroelectric generator set manufactured by Tianjin Power Generation Equipment Factory. The test run was successful on September 30 of the following year, and power was sent to the 110 kV Houmao substation. On September 22, 1973, another 15,000-kilowatt hydro-generator unit of the same factory and type was put into operation and was integrated into the Shanquan power grid for operation.

The station was integrated into the Fujian Power Grid in 1980 and is responsible for peak load regulation in the Quanzhou area. The original designed annual power generation capacity of the reservoir power station was 105 million kilowatt hours. From October 1972 to the end of 1990, it generated a total of 1.4076 billion kilowatt hours of electricity, with a total output value of 102.5452 million yuan and a profit of 25.63 million yuan.