What is the difference between Sony and the general Japanese overseas investment path?

What is the difference between Sony and the general Japanese overseas investment path?

The level of policy guidance and support has different characteristics. It has accumulated rich experience in overseas investment and cooperation, played a great role in ensuring its food security, and has important reference and enlightenment for China to promote agriculture going abroad.

First, the situation of agriculture going out in Japan and South Korea

(A) the status quo and characteristics of Japanese agriculture going global

Japan has long regarded overseas agricultural investment and development as a basic national policy to ensure food security, and its earliest organized overseas reclamation can be traced back to 1899 when farm workers were sent to Peru. Its overseas agricultural investment has gone through five different historical periods, from postwar to 1960s, from 1970s to 1980s to seek overseas food supply, from 1990s to the peak of promoting worldwide food security, and from 20th century to 20th century to promote international agricultural cooperation from various angles. Japan's overseas agricultural investment has been expanding in scale, fields, ways and modes, and it is actively building a global agricultural industrial chain to ensure the stability and autonomy of overseas agricultural resources investment and food security supply.

Judging from the scale of investment, the scale of Japanese agricultural foreign investment has increased year by year. 2016.1400 million USD Japanese enterprises' foreign direct investment in agriculture reached16.1482 million USD, an increase of13 USD. From the perspective of investment areas, the pace of overseas agricultural expansion is accelerating, and overseas farms are mainly concentrated in emerging agricultural areas with great development potential, such as Central and South America, Central Asia and Eastern Europe, all over Brazil, Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, China, Indonesia, New Zealand and the United States. In terms of investment methods, Japanese enterprises mainly adopt joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, orders, leasing and other forms. There are few wholly-owned farms overseas, and most of them are jointly operated in the form of * * * *. They do not directly grow corn, soybeans and other crops with large demand overseas, but sign agricultural product purchase contracts with local farmers, usually providing farmers with funds, agricultural machinery and technical guidance. In terms of investment mode, in 20 1 1 year, the government and relevant institutions such as Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan International Cooperation Bank, Japan External Trade Organization and Japan Trade Insurance Company participated in the investment mode, and comprehensively used financial, tax and insurance support tools to form an agricultural overseas investment mode of cooperation between the government and the people.

(B) South Korea's agricultural status and characteristics of the world

South Korea's overseas agricultural development activities mainly include agricultural direct investment (FDI), official agricultural development assistance (ODA) and government-supported overseas agricultural development. South Korea's overseas agricultural development activities began with the development of South American farms after the promulgation of the Overseas Immigration Act in the 1960s. Among them, agricultural overseas direct investment started from 1968, and Korea Development Corporation invested in logging industry in Indonesia. Its overseas agricultural development has gone through four stages: the immigrant development stage in the 1960s and 1970s, the stagnation stage in the 1980s, the revival stage in the 1990s and the diversified development stage in the early 20th century. Especially at the beginning of 2008, the South Korean government called for "establishing overseas grain bases", hoping to increase the domestic grain self-sufficiency rate to 50% through overseas agricultural investment. In 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Food of Korea formulated the Basic Plan for Overseas Agricultural Development 10, and overseas agricultural development activities regained vitality.

The number of overseas development enterprises has increased significantly. In 2008, there were 17 overseas development enterprises, which increased to 35 in 2009, and then increased to 149 and 438+04 in 2065, distributed in 27 countries and regions in Asia, North America, Central and South America and other regions. The scale of overseas agricultural direct investment has been expanding. Since 2009, the Korean government has officially promoted overseas agricultural development, and agricultural direct investment has resumed its growth momentum, reaching $65,438+160,000 in 20 13, an increase of 32% over 20 13. The area of agricultural land developed and reclaimed overseas has obviously expanded, from 18.8 thousand hectares in 2009 to 53.7 thousand hectares in 20 14, and the grain produced and transported back to China has also increased from 424 tons in 20 10 to about 14 in 20 14. Returning grain is an important strategy for South Korea's overseas agricultural development. The form of overseas development has changed to a diversified development model. In the past, the development was mainly based on a single farm, but now it is adjusted to a division of labor development mechanism led by social groups (forces) and supported by the government, forming a farm-based, circular and mixed development model.

Two, Japan and South Korea's agricultural development experience of going global

(A) to establish a legal system to support agriculture going out.

Corresponding to the historical development stage and characteristics of its foreign investment, Japan has made many adjustments to the legal system of foreign investment in agriculture. In April 1998, the Japanese government reformed the Foreign Exchange Law. As far as possible, the system of pre-declaration and approval in foreign direct investment was abolished and changed to "post-declaration system", and restrictions on the amount were further relaxed to encourage foreign direct investment. The Basic Law on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas was promulgated in 1999, which stipulates: "Efforts should be made to promote international cooperation, including technical and financial cooperation, to promote agricultural and rural development in developing regions, so as to help improve the long-term stability of world food supply and demand." Later, the "Basic Plan for Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers" was promulgated, which stipulated: "To ensure the stability of grain imports and food security in emergencies; Providing technical cooperation, financial cooperation and food aid to developing countries; And the development of the international grain reserve system. In 2009, Japan issued the Guidelines for Promoting Overseas Food Security Investment, and food security was included in the scope of Japan's agricultural policy objectives. Thus, a guide to promoting food security overseas investment has been formed, which consists of the Basic Law on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas, the Foreign Exchange Law, the Foreign Investment Law and other domestic laws, as well as related finance and taxation.