An Analysis of Syrian Refugee Crisis from the Perspective of Sociology

Syria is a small country with a small population, but it is a country rich in resources and a major oil exporter in the Middle East. Its financial revenue mainly comes from oil exports. Western capitalist countries headed by the United States have long coveted this resource-rich country. The contradiction between the Syrian opposition and the government provides a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for western countries. Capitalist countries such as the United States want to further acquire resources such as oil by controlling the Syrian regime.

I. Economic reasons

Most of the main energy oil in the United States and western countries is imported from the Middle East. Syria, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea, is one of the most important oil transportation channels in the world, and also an important oil import channel in North and South America and Northwest Europe. Further consolidating the control over the Mediterranean Sea and the Mediterranean coast and controlling the lifeline at sea can further safeguard the economic security of the United States and other western capitalist countries.

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Two. Political reasons

1 the Syrian issue is actually a political game between big countries headed by the United States and Russia.

In the eyes of the United States, Damascus and Tehran, like A Tale of Two Cities, are the last bastion of the Middle East's firm anti-America, and they are also anti-American allies. Today, the United States has established the "most severe" sanctions alliance in the world against these two countries. At the same time, the two countries are also facing serious domestic economic, social and political crises, and both are in trouble. Therefore, many people think that this is the best opportunity for the United States to jointly solve the Iraq-Syria issue, so the western countries led by the United States have been supporting the Syrian opposition behind their backs.

In Russia's view, the situation is just the opposite. Syria and Iran are Russia's few allies in the Middle East. Russia has the only military base outside the Commonwealth of Independent States in Tartus port, Syria. Russia is now irreversible and must send a tough signal to the West. If Damascus is abandoned at this time, it will be a matter of time before the Iranian regime collapses, and Russia's influence in the Middle East will be most severely squeezed out. Therefore, Russia supports the current Syrian government to safeguard its own interests.

The Middle East issue has a long history, and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict continues. Syria led by Bashar has always been the backbone of anti-America. The United States and Israel have always criticized Bashar's Syria as the real backstage and supporter of Hezbollah, Hamas and other terrorist military organizations. Bashar is also considered to be the actual mastermind of the death of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, but Bashar denies it. Bashar opposed the Iraq war launched by the United States in 2003. Therefore, the Syrian government led by Bashar has always been a thorn in the side of the United States.

Three. Religious reasons

The League of Arab States is a regional international organization aimed at strengthening the alliance and cooperation among Arab countries. Referred to as the Arab League or the Arab League. 1945 In March, representatives of seven Arab countries, including Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Yemen, held a meeting in Cairo, adopted the Treaty of the League of Arab States and announced the establishment of the League. By1993 * *, there were 22 member states. The purpose is to strengthen close cooperation among member States, safeguard the independence and sovereignty of Arab countries and coordinate their activities. 2011165438+1On 27 October, the Arab League held a meeting of foreign ministers in Cairo, Egypt, and decided to impose economic sanctions on Syria immediately and suspend Syria's membership in mid-1October.

The vast majority of countries in the League of Arab States are governed by Sunnis, among which Saudi Arabia has always dominated the League with its strong economic strength (Shia, Sunni, Hawary, Murgui and Egypt) and is known as the four major political factions of early Islam. Among them, Sunnis are the largest Sect, followed by Shiites)

The struggle between Islamic Sunnis and Shiites has a long history. In the eyes of Arab countries, this is a sectarian war. On the one hand, there are Islamic Shiites supported by Iran and dominated by Bashar regime, and on the other hand, there are Islamic Sunnis representing the Arab majority. Saudi Arabia believes that Iran is trying to achieve its ambition of controlling the Arab world by provoking sectarian conflicts in Arab countries. Therefore, the two countries have formed a confrontational situation.

Four. Geopolitical reasons

Geographically, Syria is located on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, bordering Turkey in the north, Iraq in the east, Jordan in the south, Lebanon and Palestine in the southwest, and Cyprus in the west across the Mediterranean Sea. Syria is a link between countries in the Middle East. As long as you control Syria, you almost control the whole Middle East. The Euphrates River flowing through Syria flows into the Persian Gulf from eastern Syria via Iraq, and the Ashi River flows into the Mediterranean Sea from western Syria via Turkey. Syria is a corridor for some countries in the Middle East to enter and exit the Mediterranean, and controlling Syria also brings great advantages to the shipping of western countries. Therefore, Syria's own superior geographical location is also a reason for Syria's turmoil. Of course, this is also an inevitable reason.

Long-term accumulation of social and historical contradictions

1. The Assad family came to power through a military coup. There have been complaints about the dissatisfaction of the Assad family regime, and the opposition has been active in Syria.

2. Syria has great influence in Lebanon. 1998, Lebanese president Lahoud came to power, and Bashar played an important role in it. Israel, the United States and other countries have always held a grudge against Syria because of the Palestinian armed forces in southern Lebanon.

3. Bashar himself hates corruption. Before he took office in the government, he advocated an anti-corruption movement. Among them, former Prime Minister Sagabe, who was in power since 1987, was dismissed in March 2000. Two months later, he committed suicide because he didn't want to face the corruption investigation. Therefore, Bashar has made too many enemies in domestic politics.

4. At the beginning of Shahr's administration, he promised to carry out political and economic system reform in Syria, but the results were minimal and the people's living standards did not improve significantly.

5, parties and sects are dripping with various interests.

For some time, the "Syrian crisis" concocted by the West has become the latest turbulent powder keg in the Middle East; At present, the Syrian issue is the total outbreak of major contradictions in the Middle East for a long time. First of all, as far as Syria is concerned, it is the contradiction between the Syrian opposition and the government. This is the main cause and core of the origin of the Syrian issue, and it is essentially a political struggle. Secondly, it is the contradiction between different countries and different sects in the Middle East. For example, Saudi Arabia, which is dominated by Sunnis, and Iran, which is dominated by Shiites, both want to use the Syrian issue to contain and overwhelm each other. Thirdly, big countries, especially the United States and Russia, compete around the traditional "sphere of influence". The United States wants to use the "humanitarian crisis" to promote "regime change" in Syria, while Russia spares no effort to maintain its last traditional stronghold of influence in the Middle East.