What's the secret behind Suzhou on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau?

Anshun is located in the central and western Guizhou, and is famous for Huangguoshu Waterfall. What is little known, however, is that Anshun, with the Ming army marching into Yunnan that year? Neck and throat? Land, known as? Guizhou's stomach, Yunnan's throat, Guangdong and Sichuan's lips and teeth? .

In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang officially proclaimed himself emperor. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the whole country was in turmoil, especially Bazala Valmy, the former leader of Yunnan in the Yuan Dynasty, who supported 654.38+million troops to compete with the court.

In the 14th year of Hongwu (138 1), in August, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the Southern Expedition General Ying Chuan Hou Fu Youde to lead 300,000 Ming troops to attack Yunnan. 1February 1 1 day, Fu Youde entered Guizhou. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), the Ming army attacked Dali, destroyed the political power and pacified the whole territory of Yunnan. In order to prevent the disaster from repeating the same mistakes, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered 200,000 troops to be stationed in the south to deter the four sides. As a result, elite troops from the south of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains deployed along the main throat crossing the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, set up health stations and settled down according to the establishment of the Ming army.

However, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is vast and sparsely populated. It is difficult to transport food in remote places? So Zhu Yuanzhang listened? Prepare foot soldiers on the edge, foot soldiers on the wasteland? Suggest, order the reclamation. Meanwhile, the Ming government passed? Just kuanxiang? Immigration policy and? Three tins and one cigarette? Methods: More than 100,000 Han children from Huguang area in the south of the Yangtze River/kloc-0,000 will migrate to all parts of Guizhou for a long time.

After 600 years of ups and downs, as "chess pieces" in the hands of Zhu Yuanzhang and General Cheung Nam, the sons and daughters of Jiangnan were forced to move to Qianzhoushan, where they reclaimed land, built castles and bridges, and built towns in Jiangnan. Central Plains accent, Fengyang costume and Jiangnan architecture. Even though they have been away from home for more than 600 years, they still stubbornly retain everything in their hometown.

People are used to getting to know the local history and culture before going to a place, just like Mr. Yu. The places I especially want to go are always places where ancient culture and literati have left deep footprints. ? I look forward to it more than the world-famous Huangguoshu Waterfall. Living fossil of Ming history? Known as the tunpu.

On the second day after visiting Huangguoshu Waterfall, I said goodbye to my friends and went to Yunfeng Tunbao, which is 0/5 km east of Anshun City. I took the old bus and took the country road. Along the way, people got on the bus one after another, and most of the elderly women over 60 wore the same clothes. Unless they know it in advance, they must think it is a minority in Guizhou.

You can observe it carefully when you are idle and bored. Blue or blue long-sleeved robe, knee-length, with elegant patterns embroidered on the neckline, cuffs and front. A blue-black apron is tied around her waist, reaching her ankles, and a black broadband is tied around her waist. Their hair accessories are unprecedented. They were all tied in a bun, covered with a handful of hair on their ears and wrapped in a black hair band with a silver or jade cross on it.

Sit at the finish line and get off, and it's Yunfeng Tunpu. Looking across a farmland, the buildings here are really different from other places in Guizhou, more like towns in the south of the Yangtze River and tall towers. At this point, the scorching day began to dim again, and strong winds and dark clouds pressed over. It began to rain in Guizhou immediately, and a heavy rain seemed inevitable. I hurried into the village.

When I got closer, I found that the houses were all made of stone. Stone tiles covered stone houses, stone streets, stone walls, stone mills, stone pits and stone jars. Wagon is the strangest. The square stone slabs are stacked layer by layer, and the bottom stone slabs cover the eaves downwards, which is strewn at random and elegant. There is a low stone door, which can only accommodate three or four people side by side. By the wall of the alley, many walls have peeled off, revealing the bricks inside. Most of the walls have small windows, wooden window frames, or ancient lattices, which are perfectly symmetrical. It's a few feet taller than people, and it's dark inside, like a hole in an alley, just like a person guarding it, and ten thousand people can't force it.

The rain began to trickle down and there were not many tourists. Occasionally, they walk slowly in small groups. They are all closed quadrangles, and the architectural style is different from that of Guizhou. There are houses on three sides, and only one side is the main entrance. The yard is small, some of them are unoccupied, but many things are still left behind. All kinds of dilapidated bamboo farm tools are hung on the wall, and the red couplets on the door frames have also peeled off.

Suddenly, the rain poured down, and thunder rumbled, with white lightning, rolling in from a distance.

Walking into a nearby family to take shelter from the rain, it turned out to be the exhibition hall of Tunpu residence. There are already many tourists sheltering from the rain, some sitting in old wooden chairs in the room chatting, and some walking slowly and looking around. The display of the main hall especially retains the original appearance of ancient times. Opposite the door is the shrine Buddha platform, with wooden tables and chairs symmetrically placed on both sides. There are small doors on both sides leading to the wing and back room. The rooms are small, but the items displayed in each room are different, including carved wooden beds, wooden and stone farm tools, and leisure tables and chairs. The back room also has a back door. Going out is a small yard, and the other side is against the mountain. Looking up, there is a watchtower on the mountainside. It is said that this used to be a defensive stronghold in the village.

The rain gradually stopped and everyone started to act again. Walking with a young couple from Xi 'an, I carefully walked into an inhabited yard. The host family is sitting at the door chatting, and a middle school student-like child is sitting next to him doing his homework. The smell of food wafted from the kitchen. Seeing him visiting the old house, the host warmly welcomed us in and introduced us. You can take a look at this. The hand-carved old wooden windows are hard to see now. ? She pointed to the two pillars in front of the main house and said, The stone pier under that pillar is also carved, which is very beautiful. ? I can hear the deep pride in her voice, which is exactly the same as the pride when the owner of Fuyuan Fu Family Courtyard introduced us to the old house last year. This is the pride of our own culture. I am glad because of her pride. I went over and squatted down to see the stone pier. There are six regular faces, each engraved with a different pattern. The weather is so bad that I can't see the details clearly. I guess it's some strange birds and animals.

The ancients advocated wood carving and stone carving. Anyone with a little money and family background must have carvings, exotic flowers and plants, exotic birds and animals, which is conducive to ward off evil spirits in the town house and to eye-catching. Compared with the sameness of modern reinforced concrete, the aesthetics of the ancients were really a little higher. But each era has its own aesthetic standards, which ultimately depends on the productivity level at that time. Maybe people in the future after thousands of years will lament that the beauty of architecture in 2 1 century is not enough.

Just thinking about it, I turned around and saw a small willow branch stuck in the owner's head and on the door. I asked curiously what this was for. She answered with a smile. The customs here can ward off evil spirits. ? I'm afraid this is not only a custom here, but also recorded in Qi's Yao Min Shu. Stick a willow branch on the door to keep ghosts out of the house. ? It's just that I haven't really seen this custom with my own eyes until now. In my hometown, the custom of inserting wormwood in the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming less and less. Therefore, I often think that the preservation of such a rich national culture in Guizhou is closely related to its long-term closure and underdevelopment.