I am a Russian language student. I am a sophomore in high school but now I have almost no basic knowledge. I especially want to find a way to learn Russian...

Russian (Russian: Русский язык) is one of the official languages ??of the United Nations and the Russian Federation, and one of the official languages ??of ethnic minorities recognized by the People's Republic of China. Russian belongs to the East Slavic branch of the Slavic language family. Mainly used in Russia and other member states of the former Soviet Union. In North America, there are sizable Russian-speaking communities, particularly in urban areas of the United States and Canada such as New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Miami, Chicago, and the Cleveland suburb of Richmond Heights. The Russian-speaking population in New York and Los Angeles alone is estimated to be 500,000. They publish their own newspapers, and live in self-sufficient areas (especially with immigration starting in the sixties).

The Russian alphabet is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet, with 33 letters, including 10 vowels, 21 consonants, and 2 silent letters. There are differences between printed and handwritten letters. Consonants are divided into voiceless consonants (vocal cords do not vibrate) and voiced consonants (vocal cords vibrate). In addition, Russian consonants can also be divided into soft consonants and hard consonants. The pronunciation movements of the two are basically the same. The main difference is that when pronouncing soft consonants, the middle part of the tongue needs to be raised toward the upper palate. In Russian, the initial and final consonants in a syllable can contain up to four consonants, so the syllable structure is very complex.

А а Open your mouth wide, place your tongue naturally and flatly, and lightly touch the back of your lower teeth with the tip of your tongue.

Б б The lips are tightly closed, forming an obstruction. The airflow breaks through the obstruction to produce a sound, and the vocal cords vibrate.

В в The upper teeth touch the lower lip lightly, forming a gap. The airflow rubs through the gap to make sounds, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Г г The back of the tongue is raised and close to the palate, forming an obstruction. The airflow breaks through the obstruction to form a sound, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Д д The ??front of the tongue is raised and pressed against the gums, forming an obstruction. The airflow breaks through the obstruction to produce a sound, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Е е is pronounced йэ at the beginning of the word and after the vowel.

Ё ё is pronounced as йо at the beginning of the word and after the vowel.

Ж ж The tip of the tongue is raised close to the upper gums, forming a gap. The back of the tongue is raised toward the upper jaw, and the middle of the tongue is naturally concave. The entire tongue is spoon-shaped, the lips are slightly stretched forward, and the airflow rubs through the gap. out, the vocal cords vibrate.

З з The front of the tongue is lifted upward toward the gums, forming a gap. The airflow rubs through the gap to produce sound, and the vocal cords vibrate.

И и The tongue body moves forward, the front of the tongue is lifted upward, and the lips are stretched to both sides.

й The middle part of the tongue is raised upward to form a gap with the palate. The airflow rubs out through the gap and the vocal cords vibrate.

К к The back of the tongue is raised and close to the palate, forming an obstruction. The airflow breaks through the obstruction to produce a sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Л л The front of the tongue is close to the gums, the back of the tongue is raised toward the upper palate, the middle of the tongue is naturally concave, the entire tongue is spoon-shaped, airflow flows out from both sides of the tongue, and the vocal cords vibrate.

М м The lips are tightly closed, forming a blockage, the air flows out through the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Н н The front of the tongue is raised and pressed closely against the upper gums, forming an obstruction. The airflow comes out through the nasal cavity and the vocal cords vibrate.

О о The lips protrude forward in a rounded shape, and the back of the tongue is raised upward.

П п The lips are tightly closed, forming an obstruction. The airflow breaks through the obstruction to form a sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Р р The tip of the tongue is slightly rolled up toward the gums. When the airflow passes through, it impacts the tip of the tongue, causing the tip of the tongue to vibrate and the vocal cords to vibrate.

С с The front part of the tongue is lifted upward toward the gums, forming a gap. The airflow rubs through the gap to produce sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Т т The front of the tongue is raised and pressed against the gums, forming an obstruction. The airflow breaks through the obstruction to produce a sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

У у The lips are stretched forward into a cylindrical shape, and the back of the tongue is raised toward the upper jaw.

Ф фThe upper teeth touch the lower lip lightly, forming a gap. The airflow rubs through the gap to make sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Х х The back of the tongue is raised and close to the palate to form a gap. The airflow rubs through the gap to produce sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Ц ц The tip of the tongue is close to the gums, forming an obstruction. When the airflow passes through, the obstruction turns to form a gap. The airflow rubs through the gap to produce sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Ч ч The lips are slightly rounded, and the front of the tongue is close to the upper gums, forming a gap. The airflow passes through the gap to make a fricative sound, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Ш ш The tip of the tongue is raised close to the upper gums, forming a gap. The back of the tongue is raised toward the upper jaw, and the middle of the tongue is naturally concave. The entire tongue is spoon-shaped, the lips are slightly stretched forward, and the airflow rubs through the gap. out, the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Щ щ The lips are slightly extended forward, the front of the tongue and the upper gums form a gap, the middle part of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate, the airflow rubs out through the gap, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

ъ is a hard sound symbol, which itself is silent. It is used in front of the vowels е, ё, ю and я to play the role of separator.

ы The middle part of the tongue is slightly retracted, the back part of the tongue is raised, and the lips are stretched to both sides.

ь is a soft sound symbol, indicating that the preceding consonant is pronounced as a soft consonant, and plays a parting role, indicating that the preceding consonant letter and the following vowel letter should be pronounced separately.

Э э Lift the front of the tongue toward the upper jaw, lightly touch the lower teeth with the tip of the tongue, half-open the mouth, and stretch the lips to both sides.

Ю ю is pronounced as йу at the beginning of the word and after the vowel.

Я я is pronounced as йа at the beginning of the word and after the vowel.

Russian, like English, has a wide vocabulary, including the oldest words inherited from Proto-Indo-European; words produced in the Proto-Slavic and East Slavic periods; Russian independence in the 14th century A word produced since its development. In addition, the Russian language has borrowed many foreign words in various historical periods. Russian loanwords in the field of science and technology were mostly borrowed from German in the early 18th century, French in the 19th century, and English, mainly American English, after the mid-20th century. Since the 1950s, the scope of Russian language use internationally has significantly expanded.

The characteristics of Russian grammatical structure are: it is a strongly inflected language, and the grammatical relationship between words and the grammatical function of words in sentences are mainly expressed through morphological changes. Russian is one of the Indo-European languages ??that retains more ancient glyph changes. Most countable nouns have 12 forms, and each of the singular and plural numbers has 6 cases, namely the first case, the second case, the third case, the fourth case, the fifth case and the sixth case (uncountable nouns have only six forms ); there are more than 20 or even more than 30 forms of adjectives, each of singular masculine, neuter, feminine and plural has 6 cases, as well as short tail, comparative and superlative; there can be one or two hundred verb forms, including aspect (imperfective and perfective), tense (present tense, past tense and future tense), tense (active voice and passive voice), formula (declarative, imperative and conditional), infinitive, verb, Adverbs etc. Content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, adverbs) can generally be broken down into stems and suffixes. The stem represents the lexical meaning of the word; the suffix represents the grammatical meaning, and usually one suffix contains several grammatical meanings.