What Italian immigrants must know: a detailed introduction to the Italian medical insurance system

# Italian Immigrant # Introduction Italy is a country with a strong artistic atmosphere. Studying in Italy is the dream of many people. Here, I have compiled a detailed introduction of the Italian medical insurance system for you. Welcome to reading. I. * * * Same payment

By constantly expanding the list of items and services they have to pay, patients in the national health service have become more and more important direct taxpayers of national health service income. Recently, the national health service patients * * * and payment and * * * and insurance requirements are as follows:

Drugs: Each prescription contains more than two kinds of drugs, less than 3000 lira (1.75 USD, 1990) and antibiotics 1500 lira (0.88 USD,1990 USD); Each prescription is 50,000 lira (29. 15 USD, 1990 USD), which must meet 50% of the retail price of drugs required on the approved list (30% for a limited number of traditional drugs that are unregistered due to historical reasons). 1992, at least one region unilaterally increased the main co-payment ratio from 50% to 60%.

Emergency medical service: Emergency medical service is free, but the doctor must pay 15000 lira (US$ 8.75, 1990).

Diagnostic laboratory expenses: Diagnostic laboratory expenses account for 30% of the total amount, ranging from 1000 lira (0.58 USD, 1990) to 80,000 lira (46.64 USD, 1990).

Medical devices: refer to the existing prices of glasses, hearing AIDS and prostheses, and the insurance premium can reach 50%.

Dental treatment: Dental treatment is free, but dental implants are not covered by the National Health Service.

Hospital treatment: * * * co-payment was once introduced for hospital treatment, but it was cancelled after the trade union and patients proposed *.

Transportation: Usually in Italy, it is not responsible for transportation problems, but those who go abroad for treatment in China may be subsidized.

In theory, pensioners and low-income families are exempt from * * * copayments. However, due to 199 1, this can only be achieved if the local government can pay * * * co-payment for it. This is because it has been proved that patients in health services in other countries are good at avoiding co-payment. They can ask qualified people to get medicine for them free of charge, or cheat, for example, persuade general practitioners to allow them to go to the hospital for treatment, where medicines and diagnostic tests are free, so in most cases, the result is that the state pays for pardon, but local authorities still think that this kind of * * can be found out.

Second, private medical insurance.

About 16% of the population has their own private insurance. In the early 1980s, the scope of private insurance increased sharply, but it remained basically stable in recent years. A survey on the insured patients in private hospitals in 1988 shows that only13 of them cover all hospitalization expenses, and more than half of them get the insurance policy for the first time between 1980 and 1985. Private medical insurance must distinguish between company systems and be provided by profitable commercial insurance companies. Private medical insurance in Italy tends to be relatively simple, and several well-known commercial insurances have many difficulties. It is reported that in 1989, Italian insurance companies spent more than 74 billion lira ($5 100, 1990) in fulfilling their obligations.

The health plan based on * * * co-payment in 1988 is very extensive in some departments (heavy industry, chemical industry, finance company, energy department and transportation department), and it is estimated that it represents 58% of the private insurance market for health care expenses. Subsidies provided by the two private insurance systems are specially used to fill the gap not covered by the national health service. These may include private hospital and outpatient treatment, dental treatment, daily sickness allowance and daily hospital allowance. Insurance policies usually do not include national medical services, although some company-based systems may. Different systems have different insurance coverage, but they have no choice. Some insurance items (such as AIDS) are always excluded, and family member insurance is very common. The insurance premium of company compensation insurance system is often between 0.5%- 1% of income.

Some private medical insurance institutions provide a list of other providers who need to pay the same fee. The premium of commercial private insurance plan (estimated to represent 42% of the private insurance market) depends on the current age of the insured, the age at the time of insurance and the scope of subsidy, and then the premium is calculated according to the index system of the current cost of national health services.

Private medical payment is tax-free. Due to the long-term financial problems of the national medical service system, people often consider encouraging more medical insurance for individual occupational groups, not just providing compensation services for patients in the national medical service system.

Several foreign insurance companies are attracted by the Italian medical insurance market. The total annual insurance premium of 199 11000 billion lira (US$ 6.73 billion, 1990) is 20. 1% higher than that of 1990 in the same period. The implied changes in these data are still unclear. The portion of the total premium used for medical insurance increased from 2. 1% of 1985 to 3.6% of 1990.