What are friendship and fighting?

1842 10 In June, Marx was hired as the editor-in-chief of Rheinische Zeitung. He came to Koren from Bonn and began to change his world outlook, from idealism to materialism in philosophy and from revolutionary democracy to * * * productism in politics.

Young Marx is sharp-minded, strong-willed and handsome. May Wesson, one of the funders of Rheinische Zeitung and Colleen's consultant, once described this vividly: "Karl Marx, a native of Teller, is 24 years old, with a strong physique, a thick black beard (jiá) on his cheeks, black hair on his arms, nose and ears, full of masculinity, and a strong and rough personality (ɡ u.m.

Under the leadership of Marx, Rheinische Zeitung has become more and more influential, far beyond the scope of Prussia, becoming the most influential democratic newspaper in Germany. When Marx took over, the subscription number of the newspaper was only over 800, which rose to over 1800 a month later and to 3400 in 1843+0. This made the reactionary government more alert and decided to stop publishing Rheinische Zeitung from April 1 day. Although this decision caused a wave of protests in Rheinland province, and a petition movement was launched, asking the king to cancel the order, shareholders of Rheinland also asked Marx to give up his radical attitude, and Marx also issued a statement dismissing the editorial department on March 17, but all this failed to save Rheinland.

After Marx left Koren, he went to his uncle's house in Holland for leisure. A month later, I returned to Trier. Then, he came to Naacher Crocker, a small town in Rhine province, because his fiancee Yan Ni and her mother lived there. /kloc-in June of 0/9, a young man who stayed together for seven years after engagement got married all year round. In the long-term separation, they experienced the test of pain and missing.

Now the couple are finally living together. After the wedding, the couple went to Abelburg, Pfalcz, Baden and other places for a wedding trip. Yan Ni is radiant and Marx is radiant. People everywhere envy newlyweds.

The half year after Marx left Rheinische Zeitung, especially the whole summer spent in Croknach, was the key stage of his life and ideological development. However, this period of time is, after all, Marx's preparation to join in a new battle and re-enter the social stage, and it is an interval between two battles.

He finally decided to go to Paris, the political center of Europe and the "new capital of the new world", where he founded the German-French Yearbook, which combined German thinking with French enthusiasm, German philosophy with French politics.

On the eve of Marx's departure for Paris, the Prussian government wanted to buy off Marx and suggested to him to work in the government through Ethel, his father's friend and supervisory consultant. Marx was unmoved and resolutely went abroad ahead of schedule. Marx and Yan Ni came to Paris at the end of June 1843+09 and lived at No.38, fú Road, Seine River.

Paris is a boiling metropolis, where Marx not only conducted independent scientific research, but also conducted extensive communication activities. Marx was not a scholar in his study, but a scholar, revolutionary or revolutionary scholar, so Paris not only provided him with an environment for scientific research, but also provided him with conditions for extensive exchanges. Before arriving in Paris, Marx wrote to some scholars and revolutionaries in Paris and invited them to write for the German-French Yearbook. After arriving in Paris, he strengthened his contact with some people.

In Paris, Marx and Heine had close contacts and forged a profound friendship. Heine has been in exile in Paris for many years. He is 2 1 year older than Max. In the months of their acquaintance and close contact, Heine visited the young couple almost every day. Heine and Marx often spend hours at a time thinking about polishing a poem, and Yan Ni is often the first fascinated audience of Heine's works.

Marx cherished his friendship with Heine very much. When laymen cursed Heine, Marx sided with Heine. Marx thinks that poets are eccentric characters, and they must be allowed to go their own way, instead of judging him by the delay of ordinary people or even superman.

In a sense, Marx's greatest gain in Paris was to start a lifelong friendship with Engels. Marx and Engels are the co-founders of Marxism and a pair of bright binary stars in the sky of the history of human thought. The meeting in Paris had a decisive influence on their lives.

Engels is also from Rhine province, Germany, two years younger than Max. Because his father was forced by the factory owner, he went to study business before graduating from middle school, and later he didn't have a chance to go to college. However, Engels was gifted and diligent in self-study. During his military service, he went to Berlin University to study philosophy. Through self-study, he became a man with profound philosophical accomplishment, mastered rich knowledge and practiced fluent and fresh writing. Moreover, he has a lively personality, strong personality, keen observation and a wide range of friends. He published literary comments and newsletters in newspapers very early.

1one day in late August, 844, Marx was waiting for Engels from Manchester, England, in a cafe near the French Theatre Square in Paris. They met briefly and had a heart-to-heart talk. After leaving the cafe, I chatted all the way back to Marx's apartment. In the meantime, Marx happened to be alone, because Jenny von westphalen returned to her parents' home with her daughter Yan Ni, who had just completed more than three months. So, they talked loudly for hours, even stayed up all night, expressing their views in a wide range of fields. They were very surprised to find that they were in complete agreement on all issues in all fields. When one of them expresses his new idea, the other feels that he just said what he wanted to say; When the other party expresses these opinions in his own language again, this one finds that the meaning expressed by the other party is more accurate than himself. Their philosophical positions and political beliefs are consistent, and their cultivation and knowledge level are equivalent. They came to the same conclusion about the same problems they faced at that time, and their agreement reached the point where even the terms were almost the same.

Marx's article published in the radical Paris newspaper Progress made the Prussian rulers see the word "revolution". They put pressure on the French government for a long time, and the French government ordered the expulsion of Marx and other writers of Progress unless they promised not to engage in anti-Prussian propaganda. Marx flatly refused to make a guarantee. He would rather leave Paris alone within 24 hours.

1845 On February 3rd, Marx arrived in Brussels. Yan Ni sold his possessions in a hurry and then came here with his 9-month-old daughter. I'm new here, my pockets are empty, and I can't even find a fixed house. The Marx family is in a difficult situation. When Engels learned that Marx had been expelled, he immediately realized that Marx needed help. He mobilized his friends in Rhine province to raise a sum of money for Marx, and sent the first payment for his book The Situation of the Working Class in Britain to Marx. In his letter to Marx, he said, let's all "share my unexpected expenses" in a materialistic way. "At least, don't make those dogs happy, because they get you into financial difficulties by despicable means." In April, Engels came to Brussels. In early May, he and Marx rented a house in the east of the city. Marx lived in No.5 and Engels lived in No.7. In April, a new member came to Marx's family, that is, Helen Demoute, a 22-year-old female helper, whose name has always been hénɡ. She was a peasant girl living in Moser Valley. When she was a little girl, she came to WestWarren's house, grew up beside Yan Ni, and became Yan Ni's companion and confidant. Now, Yan Ni's mother asks Lin Heng to help the young couple with the housework. She came at the right time. First, she helped Yan Ni settle down at home, and then she took on new responsibilities, because in September, Marx's second daughter Laura was born. Since then, this simple, kind, intelligent and resolute expert in managing the family has never left this home, and has been displaced for a long time (pèi): a metaphor for the hardships and poverty of life. Describe life is hard, wandering around. Share the joys and sorrows of this family in our lives.

Before Engels came here, he was worried that the Belgian government would eventually find trouble with Marx. This kind of worry is not superfluous. The Prussian government soon put pressure on the Belgian cabinet to expel Marx. Marx had no choice but to secede from Prussian nationality. From then on, Marx became a real citizen of the world.

Brussels, a beautiful European city, occupies an important position in the history of Marxism. Marx and Engels not only founded their own theories here and made them public, but also had their first followers here, and on this basis, they founded their own organization, namely the Brussels Productive Communication Committee.

Marx likes Brussels. At that time, Belgium was already a bourgeois country, and Brussels, as the capital, also had bourgeois freedom similar to Paris. This city is small, exquisite, beautiful and peaceful, which is very suitable for Marx who is conducting in-depth theoretical research and is in the period of establishing a new theoretical system. At that time, Marx and Engels lived in a small German immigrant area on the outskirts of Brussels. There are not as many Germans here as Paris, only a few hundred people, and they all live very close, so everyone knows each other and has a lot of contacts. When Marx was here, the spiritual life in German immigrant areas was very active, and Marx soon became one of the most active immigrants. Thanks to Marx's profound common sense and the creation of new theories, and also due to Marx's willingness to approach and Yan Ni's hospitality, Marx's home soon became the place where revolutionary exiles and Belgian intellectuals joined the Party for the first time.

Marx and Engels were not scholars in their study, but revolutionaries and soldiers. They not only created their own theory, but also tirelessly spread it and used it to guide the movement of the working class.

When the propaganda of capitalism has reached a certain level and the revolution is approaching, it is imperative to establish an organized belief group of capitalism, which is the problem of establishing a proletarian political party. Because propaganda must be combined with organization to be truly effective. Historically, the spread of any big ideological and belief system can not be separated from the conscious promotion of certain belief groups. Marx and Engels took this step and reorganized the right-wing alliance into the producer alliance.

The Rightist Alliance is a secret revolutionary organization of German workers, and 1836 was founded in Paris. Members are mainly German handicraft workers living in Paris. 1840, its center moved to London, England, and gradually became an international workers' organization with branches in Britain, Germany, France and Switzerland. This is a semi-propaganda and semi-conspiracy organization. Its purpose is to "let everyone in the world enjoy freedom, so that no one can live better or worse than others."

1847 1 month, the right-wing alliance decided to solicit opinions from Marx and Engels in order to hold a congress and formulate a new program.

During the Congress, the Alliance held a proud group, and the "Rightist Alliance" was changed to "Producer Alliance". The congress abandoned the old slogan "Everyone is a brother" and replaced it with "Proletarians of the world, unite!" New slogan.

1848 In February, the Producers' Party Manifesto announced the birth of Marxism in London.

The "Declaration" is the first programmatic document of scientific capitalism, and it is a publicly published party program written by Marx and Engels entrusted by the second congress of the capitalist league.

The end of the Declaration is unusual: "The producers of * * * disdain to hide their views and intentions. They publicly declared that only by violently overthrowing all existing social systems can they achieve their goals. Let the ruling class tremble before the proletarian revolution. What the proletarians lost in this revolution was only chains. They will get the whole world. "