Are there any famous people named Zhai in ancient times? Who are they from each other?

1. Origin of the surname

The surname Zhai (Zhái, Dí) has five origins:

1. It comes from the surname Wei, which is named after the country. Wei was originally the surname of the Chidi people, a nomadic people in the northern part of the Central Plains during the Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Chidi people were active among Jin, Wei, Qi, Lu, Song and other countries, and were called Zhai. At the end of the sixth century BC, the Jin State launched a massive attack on Chidi and destroyed the Zhai State. Most of the Zhai people became subjects of the Jin State and gradually integrated with the Jin people. The descendants of the Zhai people took the surname of the original country and called them Zhai. According to "Guoyu Annotation", the surname Zhai in Xin'an was given as the surname Di after Chi Zhai (i.e. Chi Di) in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later changed to Zhai (Dí sounding Di).

2. It comes from the surname Qi, who is a descendant of the Xuanyuan family of the Yellow Emperor, and takes the name of the country. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames" and "Tongzhi Clan Briefing", in ancient times, there was the Zhai clan (later called Zhai State) in the north. Zhai State was established by the descendants of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times. It is said that in the ancient Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Zhai was destroyed by the State of Jin. Later, the State of Jin was destroyed by the State of Han, Zhao, and Wei. During the Warring States Period, these three countries were destroyed by the State of Qin. During this long-term war, the people of Zhai State all took their original country names and fled to various places. Due to different local dialects, the surname Zhai has two pronunciations: those who live in the north pronounce it (Dí Yin Di), and those who move to the south pronounce it (Zhái Yin Zhai).

3. It comes from the surname Ji and takes the name of the country. King Zhou Cheng granted his second son Yu Zhai (the old city is in Luoyang, south of He Province today), and later took the country as his surname.

4. From the surname Zhang changed to Zhai. According to "Zhizu Ji Zhai Ji", the surname Zhai in Jing County, Anhui Province, was originally named Zhang.

5. Derived from another clan’s surname:

① The Bai clan uses conch as their totem, and some of them are pronounced as Zhai.

② Today, the Yao, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and other ethnic groups all have this surname.

The ancestor who got the surname: Xuanyuan. In ancient times, the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan clan (one work includes the Xiong clan) was the tribal leader and later the organizer of the Yanhuang tribal alliance. His tribe originally settled in the northwest plateau and came from the Shaodian clan together with Emperor Yan. Later, they branched off to the east and fought in Banquan (now southeast of Zhuolu, Hebei). They defeated Emperor Yan and merged into one. Later, he captured and killed Chi You and was promoted as the leader of the Yanhuang tribe alliance. At that time, he made many inventions and creations (such as coffins, palaces, boats and carriages, silk, medicine, writing, calendars, arithmetic, music, etc.), so later generations praised him for "being able to shape hundreds of things" and giving him the image of an emperor. Zhai State lived in the north during the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later destroyed by the Jin Dynasty. The descendants took the country as their surname and called it Zhai. They respected their ancestor Xuanyuan as the ancestor of the surname.

2. Migration Distribution

According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", the Zhai surname lived in the north (today's Yaoxian and Fuping areas of Shaanxi Province) during the Spring and Autumn Period, and later disappeared. During the Jin and Qin dynasties, the descendants were scattered throughout present-day Shanxi and Jiangnan. According to historical records, the State of Qi had Zhai Louxin during the Spring and Autumn Period, and the State of Wei had Zhai Heng during the Warring States Period. It should be said that before the Qin Dynasty, people with the Zhai surname were distributed in today's Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi areas. During the Han Dynasty, there were many Zhai surnames found in historical records. For example, Zhai Fangjin, Zhai Xuan, and Zhai Yi, their father and son, were from Shangcai (now part of Henan Province), Tingwei Zhai Gong was from Xiaguiyan (now Weinan, Shaanxi Province), and Zhai Mu was from Pei (now in Jiangsu Province), Jingzhao Yin and Zhai Yin were from Nanyang (now in Henan Province), and Zhai Xifu in the Eastern Han Dynasty was from Guanghan Luo (now in Guanghan, Sichuan Province)... This shows that during the Han Dynasty, people surnamed Zhai had entered Shaanxi in the west and Sichuan and Jiangsu in the south. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Zhai surname was quite prosperous when they settled in Runan and Nanyang. After multiplication and development, the Zhai surname was finally formed into Runan Junwang and Nanyang Junwang. At this time, the Zhai Tang family, which thrived in Xunyang, Lujiang (now Huangmei, Hubei Province), was quite eye-catching. Their sons Zhai Zhuang, grandson Zhai Jiao, great-grandson Zhai Fasi, and great-great-grandson Zhai Guang were all famous at that time and will go down in history. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Zhai surname was still popular in the north, especially in Henan. From the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Song Dynasty, there were many celebrities with the Zhai surname in the annals of history. Analyzing their birthplaces, it can be seen that the Zhai surname is still very popular in Henan and Shandong in the north, and people with the Zhai surname have settled in the area today. In the south, the Zhai surname has begun to take shape in Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. It is especially worth mentioning that Zhai Fengheng, a scholar from Guishan, Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, shows that at this time, the Zhai surname had already settled in Guangdong, the southern tip of my country. Province. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, because the north was ruled by the Mongols, wars broke out on both sides of the Yangtze River. People with the surname Zhai in relatively stable places such as Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi reproduced more stably, while people with the surname Zhai in Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang were To avoid the fire of war, he traveled to the southern provinces, so that there were people with the surname Zhai in Lianghu, Guangdong and other places. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi surname Zhai was one of the surnames of the immigrants from Hongdong Dahuai tree, and was moved to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Anhui and other places. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, some people with the surname Zhai from Hebei, Shandong and Henan moved to the three eastern provinces. There were also people with the surname Zhai from the coast who crossed the sea to Taiwan and sailed to foreign lands such as Southeast Asia. Today, the surname Zhai is widely distributed across the country, especially in Hebei and Shandong. The Zhai surname in the above two provinces accounts for about 48% of the Han population in the country. The surname Zhai is the 108th-ranked surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.15% of the country's Han population.

3. Historical celebrities

Zhai Heng: Minister of Wei during the Warring States Period. Born into a powerful family, he was once the Prime Minister of the Wei State. He recommended Wu Qi, Le Yang, Ximen Bao and others to be the Marquis of Wei Wen. During the reign of King Xiang of Wei, he wanted to unite Qi and Qin to fight against Chu, but he had a conflict with Loubi. He once wanted to kill Zhang Yi, but failed because of Zhang Yi's plan.

Zhai Gong: a native of the Western Han Dynasty. When he first became a court captain, his house was crowded with guests; after he was demoted, his house was indifferent; after he was reinstated, his house was filled with guests. Zhai Gong then posted a notice on the gate saying: "One death and one lifetime are the basis of friendship. One is poor and the other is rich, which is the basis of friendship. One is noble and the other is humble, and friendship is known."

Zhai You: A native of Luo, Guanghan, Officials and scholars of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The fourth generation passed down "Poems" and was good at "Laozi". He was especially good at astronomy and calendar calculations, and was the first in trying strategies. Li Guan was the prefect of Jiuquan, Jing Zhaoyin, and a general who was a great craftsman. He once went to Emperor Shu'an to appoint his relatives to kill the rebellious Qiang, and his reputation was great. There is "Yuan Shen Xi Ming Jie Xie".

Zhai Yi: Fang Jin's youngest son, minister in the late Western Han Dynasty. At the age of 20, he was appointed the captain of Nanyang, and later promoted to the prefect of Hongnong Hanoi East Commandery. After Wang Mang became regent, he raised troops to attack. He was later defeated and the three tribes were annihilated.

Zhai Tang: A native of Xunyang, a famous scholar in the Jin Dynasty. Be committed to being a vegetarian, benevolent and honest. They plow and then eat, and refuse to accept gifts. When bandits hear his name, they dare not commit crimes.

Zhai Rang: A native of Weicheng, Dongjun (now Changyuan, Henan Province), he was the leader of the Wagang Army of the peasant uprising army in the late Sui Dynasty. After committing a capital crime, he fled to Wagang and gathered a crowd to revolt. He was the early leader of the Wagang Army. After Li Mi surrendered to the Wagang Army, he killed Zhang Xutuo, conquered Luocang, opened a warehouse to relieve the hungry, and gained great momentum. Zhai Rang intended to give way to the wise, and elected Li Mi as Duke of Wei, appointed himself Situ, and granted the title of Duke of Dongjun. He was soon murdered by Li Mi.

Zhai Luan: A native of Zhucheng, Shandong, a minister of the Ming Dynasty. Hongzhi Jinshi, successively served as editor, bachelor's degree scholar, right minister of the Ministry of Rites, etc. Later, he was appointed to the Wenyuan Pavilion as the right minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and participated in cabinet affairs. In the 21st year of Jiajing's reign, he was promoted to the chief assistant of the cabinet (i.e. prime minister). Due to Wei Zhongxian's rejection, he soon returned to his hometown as an official.

Zhai Hao: A native of Renhe (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, he became a Jinshi and became a professor at Jinhua and Quzhou Prefectural Schools. Gong poetry is also good at textual research. There are "Hushan Notes", "Four Books Examination", "Genshan Magazine" and so on.

Zhai Fangjin: A native of Shangcai, Runan, and a minister of the Western Han Dynasty. Coming from a humble family, he and his stepmother went to Chang'an to study as a teacher. He successively served as the governor of Shuofang, the prime minister Sizhi, and the imperial censor. In 15 BC, he was promoted to the prime minister and was granted the title of Marquis of Gaoling. Later, he was forced to commit suicide due to internal strife in the royal family.

Zhai Ruwen: a native of Danyang (now part of Jiangsu Province), an official, calligrapher and painter in the Song Dynasty. He was born as a Jinshi and served successively as secretary Lang and political advisor. He has an outstanding demeanor, loves ancient elegance, and is good at seal script and zi. He is good at painting figures and landscapes.

Zhai Yuanshen: a native of Yingqiu, Beihai (now Zibo, Shandong Province), a painter of the Song Dynasty. Learn from Li Cheng's skill in painting landscapes, and imitate his paintings, which can almost look real.

Zhai Wangxuan: A native of Luoyang, Henan Province, a minister of the Ming Dynasty. When Tianshun Jinshi was appointed governor of Shanxi and supervised all the Yanmen passes, he caused the exiles to return one after another. Those who had not left had a livelihood and were praised by the people. He became the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment in Nanjing.

Zhai Fengzhu: A native of Wenxi Province in Shanxi Province and a minister in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Shunzhi period, he was a Jinshi and was known for his proficiency in law. He was promoted to the Chief Envoy of Fujian. During his tenure, he was mainly lenient in prison management, repaired the academy, and taught drama and farming.

Zhai Yunsheng: a native of Donglai, Shandong Province, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. Daoguang Jinshi. He is fond of ancient poetry and poetry, and is especially good at official script. There are "Li Pian", "Wu Jing Sui Pan Zhai Poetry Manuscript", "Shuowen Difeng", etc.

Zhai Dakun: A native of Jiaxing in the Qing Dynasty, he and his son Zhai Jichang were both landscape painters. His daughter Zhai Cao'e is a female calligrapher and painter.

4. County Hall Numbers

1. County Hall Numbers

In the long-term process of reproduction and migration, the surname Zhai has formed the following county hall numbers:

Runan County: Settled by Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, it is located south of central Henan Province and north of the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.

Nanyang County: A county established by the Qin State during the Warring States Period. It is equivalent to the current area of ??Nanyang City, Henan Province.

2. Hall number

Chuanshi Hall and Chongwei Hall: "Chuanshi Hall" originated from Zhai Fu in the Han Dynasty. The four generations taught the "Book of Songs" and recruited religious teachers. , moved to serve as a servant, ranked first in the CE examination, and became a minister. Emperor An favored his relatives, and Zhai Fu tried his best to remonstrate with him. Although the favored ministers hated him, they were also afraid of him, so they called him "Chongweitang".

Zhongxiao Hall: Originated from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhai Guoru, the general of Jiangnan Zhenfu, went to the Yunnan border to quell the rebellion and died for the country. The ancestral hall was given the title of "Zhongxiao Hall" by the emperor.

In addition, the main hall names of the surname Zhai include: "Bogutang", "Nanyangtang", "Yugutang", "Qingyuantang", "Shizuotang", "Duchengtang", etc. .

5. Clan Characteristics

1. The surname Zhai was initially pronounced as "Di", and later changed to the pronunciation of "Zhai". In fact, the two are the same surname and come from the same source.

2. The allusion between Zhai Gong and Menkeluoque is amazing. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Zhai Gong was appointed as a Weiwei, and the house was crowded with guests. When he resigned, there were few guests, and there were only a few birds in the house (a net could be set up in front of the gate to catch birds). Later, he was restored to the position of Wei, and the guests wanted to go, so Zhai Gong wrote on the door: "One death in life is the end of the world." Friendship means friendship; when one is poor and the other is rich, friendship means friendship; when one is noble and the other is humble, friendship means friendship. "

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Common to Zhai ancestral hall Couplet

〖Four-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Zhai〗

The great talent is sufficient;

The biography of Gao Xingsu.

——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Zhai

The first couplet refers to Zhai You of the Han Dynasty. According to the calculations, he ranked first in the policy test and worshiped the minister. Later, he became the prefect of Jiuquan. He killed the rebellious Qiang and gained great fame. The lower couplet refers to Zhai Tang of Jin Dynasty, who practiced pure vegetarianism, was benevolent and honest, and was attacked by bandits in Yongjia one after another. Hearing the reputation of Tang's virtues, no one dared to offend him, and the villagers relied on him.

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〖Six-character Universal Couplet of Ancestral Hall with the Surname Zhai〗

The bones of the feudal lord can be verified ;

Sign the door to show friendship.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Zhai written by an anonymous person

The first couplet says that Zhai Fangjin, named Ziwei, a native of Shangcai in the Western Han Dynasty, was orphaned when he was young and worked as a minor official in the prefecture of Runan. Cai's father, the fortune teller, said that he had "the bones of a feudal lord" and that he should rely on Confucian classics to become a high official. Later, he went to the capital and studied "Spring and Autumn" with his doctor for more than ten years. He became a doctor with Shece Jiake, and he also served as governor of Shuofang, Jing Zhaoyin, prime minister, and was granted the title of Marquis of Gaoling. Xia Lian Dian refers to Zhai Gong, a native of the Western Han Dynasty. He was a court lieutenant during the reign of Emperor Wen, and his house was crowded with guests all day long. After he was dismissed from office, the house was empty; after he was appointed as a court lieutenant, many guests came to his home. So, he signed his doorstep with big characters: "One death and one life is a sign of friendship; one poor and one rich is a sign of friendship; one noble and one humble is a sign of friendship.

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