Population distribution in The Journey to the West

In the modern history of China, there were three major waves of immigrants, namely, going to Kanto, going to the west and going down to Nanyang.

The trip to Guandong is mainly in Shandong, and the destination is the three northeastern provinces;

Pass the East River: Pass, namely Shanhaiguan. Specifically, it refers to Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang provinces. Because the three northeastern provinces are located in the east of Shanhaiguan, it is named. In old China, Shandong was densely populated with frequent disasters; Guangdong has a vast territory, sparsely populated and fertile land. The history book says: "Nature has three advantages, namely, shortage, mining and salt." Historically, the two places have close geographical ties. First, fleeing farmers have become the mainstream.

Breaking through the Kanto, the Northeast has changed from "migrants" to "refugees" and then to "immigrant society". In the early Qing Dynasty, ethnic contradictions were sharp, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty took extremely cruel measures to suppress them. The "rebels" were sent to the border "smoky land", and Shandong criminals were sent to Kanto, which was extremely poor. This way of sending criminals is called "exile". Shandong people are typical "settled in their native land". Population pressure, natural and man-made disasters and the policy orientation of Manchu government constitute the external causes of Shandong people's invasion of Kanto. Taking the railway construction in the Middle East at that time as an example, The History of Northeast Development quoted Toshiyama Dono as saying: "China coolies are like a collection of ants, and Shandong, which is supplied with labor, took the opportunity to transport countless laborers out of Tamen. It is no exaggeration to say that Zhongdong Road, which is more than 1500 miles, was completed by Shandong coolies. " It is an extraordinary struggle for Shandong people to break through Kanto, a place invaded by foreign enemies. "Records of Angel Commune in Hunjiang City, Jilin Province" records: "During the period of 192 1, there was a farmer named Wang Zhenbang, originally from Shandong, who fled the countryside and lived in Xichuan with his wife and eldest daughter. 193 1 year, when the Japanese invaded Kanto, Wang Zhenbang and fellow villagers in Shandong gathered 100 people fought against Japan. At the end of 1934, it fought with the Japanese army three or four times, of which the second time was the best, and the Japanese army suffered heavy casualties. The insurgents were frightened by the Japanese army. "

Break through Kanto, because Kanto is an exile and reclamation is forbidden, Mongolian nobles are stationed in the pasture on the west side of the Great Wall. However, the dilapidated Manchu government was unable to stop the historical trend. The rule of Manchu for more than 200 years has promoted the great integration of Manchu, Mongolian and Han nationalities. Even the historical vicissitudes such as "Manchu independence" movement and "Manchukuo" failed to turn Manchu into Manchu in China. The mentality of Shandong sage's hometown is weakened and the adventurous spirit is enhanced, which makes the refugees take root in Kanto from spring to winter. During the Revolution of 1911, tens of millions of Han Chinese returned to the embrace of China, "so that the map of human geography shows that this area belongs to China people completely" (Grassland Empire,).

Breaking through the Kanto is a tragic history and an immigration feat. "De-orientalization" has a specific route and a specific background. Therefore, it is a social and historical migration phenomenon with spontaneous objective factors and internal political influence. "In essence, Shandong people's crusade to the east is a spontaneous and unstoppable tragic movement for the survival of poor farmers on the verge of death." Japanese Obuchi Hiranaga 1899 recorded the real historical picture of that year in Travel Notes of Manchuria: "From Fengtian to Xingjing, I saw my husband on the road with a unicycle and a woman sitting on it. If a child cries, my husband pushes from behind, my brother pulls from the front, the old man leans on a stick, and the girl has something to rely on. On the way, my husband scolded his young woman and mother. Teams always enter Tonghua, Huairen, Hailong City and Chaoyang Town, opposite each other. From Fengtian to Jilin, Shandong immigrants slept all the way ... ". As the largest ethnic group in the world-the Han nationality, hundreds of years of people's pressure has caused the Han nationality to spread to the surrounding areas: to the west, down to Southeast Asia, and Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang have also become places for Han immigrants. Then, going to the east becomes a balance between population and economy.