The Best in the World: Five Plains

Lead: Plain, 0-500 meters above sea level, flat or slightly undulating, mainly distributed on both sides of the river and near the ocean. The following is a brief overview of the five beautiful plains in the world that I have compiled for you, hoping to help you!

1. Amazon Plain

Located in the north of South America, in the middle and lower reaches of the Amazon River, between the Guiana Plateau and the Brazilian Plateau, bordering the Andes in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, it spans the territories of Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Bolivia, covering an area of 5.6 million square kilometers (including more than 2.2 million square kilometers in Brazil, accounting for about13 of the national territory), making it the largest alluvial plain in the world. The Amazon plain is densely covered with tropical rainforests, with a wide variety of plants and rich endemic species; There are many kinds of animals, especially arboreal animals. The mineral deposits are mainly oil. The land is vast and sparsely populated, with a total population of about150,000, including10,000 Indians living in dense forests. Since the 1960s, there have been plans to organize immigrants, develop agriculture and animal husbandry, and develop natural resources, and Amazon highways have been built all over the country.

Amazon plain is wide in the west and narrow in the east, with the widest point1280 km; The terrain is low and flat. Most of them are below 150 meters above sea level, and Manaus in the middle of the plain is only 44 meters above sea level. It is lower in the east and gradually approaches the sea level. The floodplain of Amazon Plain accounts for about 65,438+00% of the plain area, and consists of soft modern alluvium. The terrain is particularly low. Outside the floodplain, the steep bank of 45 ~ 60m is high plains, with an altitude of 60? It is the widest in the west, and the surface material is composed of sand and clay of Tertiary and Quaternary, which has been partially consolidated. On the basis of the Amazon depression on the South American platform, the Amazon plain was alluvial by the main stream and tributaries of the Amazon River after it rose to land in the Quaternary. Near the downstream estuary, there is no delta exposed by modern subsidence.

2. Eastern Europe Plain

Located in the eastern part of Europe, it is one of the second largest plains in the world, extending from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in the south. It starts from the Ural Mountains in the east and reaches the Baltic Sea in the west, covering an area of nearly 4 million square kilometers, with an average elevation of about 170 meters. Most of the eastern European plains are in Russia, so they are also called Russian plains. It is an extension of the Eurasian grassland, especially the Qincha wasteland.

The eastern European plain belongs to a part of the Russian platform in structure, and the Precambrian basement is covered with strata with different thicknesses since Paleozoic, which are basically distributed horizontally. Topographically, it is a broad and gentle hilly plain, with slight fluctuations in microwave, and hilly highlands and small lowlands are interlaced with each other. The average altitude 175m, the highest is 463m (Mount Timan), but most of them are below 200m. Only the lowlands along the Caspian Sea in the southeast are below sea level and are marine plains. During the Quaternary Ice Age, the eastern European plain suffered four glacial attacks, and glacial activity was one of the main reasons for the formation of modern landforms in the eastern European plain. Glacier erosion is the main landform in the north and northwest, with uneven surface and numerous lakes and swamps; The middle part is the main moraine area, and the moraine mound is sandwiched with swamp lowlands; The south is an ice-water deposition area, with a sandy plain and relatively flat terrain, and gullies, gullies and terraces are well developed. The formation of modern landforms in eastern Europe plain seems to have both erosion and deposition.

3. Siberia Plain

The largest plain in Asia and the third largest plain in the world. It is 2,000 kilometers long from north to south and 1500 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of 2.6 million square kilometers. The southern part is 220-300m above sea level, and the central and northern parts are 50- 150m above sea level. From north to south, tundra, forest, forest grassland and grassland landscape are distributed in parallel, with typical latitude zonal distribution law. Most areas are covered by coniferous forests in the sub-cold zone. There are Yenisei River, ob river River, Irtysh River, Taz River and other rivers. The population density in the north-central part is low, and with the continuous development of fuel and metal resources in the south, industrial and mining bases centered on Tyumen Oilfield, Kuzbas Coalfield and Tomsk Iron Mine have been formed.

The main rivers in Siberia Plain are ob river-Irtysh River and Yenisei River. The Irtysh River, which originated in Xinjiang, China, is the only outflow river in China and the only outflow river in Central Asia. Because the western Siberia plain is very flat, the river flow here is very slow. Every spring, ob river, which flows from south to north, is always thawed first in the upper reaches, forming an ice flood. Ob river River runs through the whole territory and pours into the Arctic Ocean, with a total length of 3,650 kilometers, which is the longest river in the plain. The river network is dense (about 2000 rivers), and there are many lakes and swamps. The lower reaches of the north are still frozen at this time, and as a result, the water in the upper reaches cannot pass smoothly and is submerged by ice water. Year after year, this situation has formed a large area of swamps and wetlands here. The most prominent resource in the West Siberian Plain is oil, such as the world-famous Tyumen Oilfield. There are also vast grasslands and developed animal husbandry on the plains. Because of the cold climate, most of the vegetation here is coniferous forest.

4. La Plata Plain

The second largest plain in South America, located in the southeast of South America. There are Andes in the east, Brazil Plateau and Patagonia Plateau in the north and northeast, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southeast, with a total area of 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers, spanning Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay from north to south, of which 60% are in Argentina. The northern part of La Plata Plain is called Grand Chaco Plain; The south is called pampas Plain.

The second largest plain in South America. It is located between the Andes, Brazil Plateau and Patagonia Plateau, and faces the Atlantic Ocean in the east. The area is 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers. The northern part is called the Grand Chaco Plain, which is flat and low-lying, with poor drainage in rainy season, forming swamps and wetlands along the river; Pampas Plain in the south is flat and slightly inclined to the east, and the elevation is mostly below 150m. The west is the Andes, the north and northeast are the Brazilian Plateau and Patagonia Plateau, and the southeast is the Atlantic Ocean, with a total area of 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers, spanning Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay from north to south, of which 60% are in Argentina.

5. Central Plains of North America

Also known as the Pulieri Prairie or the Great Plains of North America, Pulieri comes from French, and the name of the Great Plains comes from the American government. After the American Civil War, it began to develop the western territory. At that time, when the American government publicized the richness and beauty of the western region, it called the western prairie the Great Plains. The prairie is 800 kilometers long from east to west and 3200 kilometers long from north to south. The total area is about 6.5438+0.3 million square kilometers. It mainly includes Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming in the United States, three prairie provinces in Canada (Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan) and a small part of Mexico.