Did Zuo immigrate to Xinjiang?

Because Sichuan is too big, the situation is very complicated. Although Sichuan is only one province in name, it is actually equivalent to several provinces.

Moreover, although the governor of Sichuan only manages one province in Sichuan, his task is not easy, because some affairs in Tibet are also under his control.

In the early Qing Dynasty, there was no governor in Sichuan. At that time, because most of Sichuan and Chongqing were controlled by Zhang and Nanming governments, the Qing army only controlled northern Sichuan. So there was only one governor in Sichuan at that time, and the headquarters of Futai Yamen was located in Langzhong.

Later, the Qing army defeated Li Zicheng and decided to attack Zhang and Nanming. So the Qing court merged Sichuan, Gansu (including Ningxia and xining in Qinghai today) and Shaanxi, unified under the jurisdiction of the governor of Shaanxi Trilateral, and the yamen stationed in Xi 'an.

As for why the Trilateral Governor's Office was located in Shaanxi, the reason was simple: Sichuan and Gansu were the front lines of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and Shaanxi was the safest territory controlled by the Qing court at that time. The money and grain of the Qing army in Sichuan and Gansu should be prepared and distributed by Shaanxi, which is the center of the three provinces.

After more than ten years of tug-of-war, the Ming army gradually withdrew from Sichuan for various reasons, and the Qing army occupied Sichuan.

In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), the Qing court moved forward in order to completely destroy Li Dingguo. And moved the front headquarters from Xi 'an to Chengdu.

Due to the promotion of strategic position, the governor's authority was too small, so the Qing court set Sichuan out of the jurisdiction of the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and set the governor of Sichuan in Chengdu.

In the 18th year of Shunzhi (166 1), the strategic position of Sichuan will be reduced due to the basic elimination of Nanming forces. Therefore, the Qing court abolished the governor of Sichuan and only set up the governor of Sichuan, which was still under the jurisdiction of the governor of Shaanxi.

In the seventh year of Kangxi, Dedi Zhang, the governor of Sichuan Province, wrote a letter to Emperor Kangxi, to the effect that Sichuan was devastated by years of war and it was difficult to recover. I suggest that your majesty issue a decree to attract people from neighboring provinces, emigrate to Sichuan and resume production in Sichuan.

Kangxi was greatly impressed after receiving the memorial, so in that year, Sichuan was included in the jurisdiction of Governor Huguang, for the later "

Huguang fills Sichuan "preheating. (Therefore, Governor Huguang was temporarily renamed Governor Chuanhu)

However, due to the outbreak of the San Francisco Rebellion, Sichuan once again became a battlefield. Therefore, the large-scale immigration hosted by the imperial court was postponed for more than 20 years, and it was not until the thirty-third year of Kangxi that it officially began.

During this period, due to the need of the war (Sichuan was occupied by Wu Sangui's army), the Qing court set aside Sichuan from the jurisdiction of Governor Chuanhu and returned it to Governor Chuanshan. Since then, Sichuan has long been under the jurisdiction of the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi.

In the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi (17 18), the Junggar khanate invaded Tibet. Because the Qing army needed to send troops from Sichuan and Shaanxi to attack Junggar, Sichuan's strategic position was highlighted again. So Emperor Kangxi set aside Sichuan again and appointed Nian Gengyao as the governor of Sichuan.

In the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), Tibet was recovered, and Sichuan and Shaanxi merged again, renamed Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and Nian Gengyao became Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi.

In the 9th year of Yongzheng (173 1), Yong Zhengdi decided to use force on a large scale against Junggar khanate. So in this year, Sichuan was separated from Shaanxi and Gansu and established an independent governor.

However, the Qing army later suffered a fiasco in Tongbai, the plan to destroy Junggar was cancelled, and the Qing Dynasty negotiated peace, and Sichuan's strategic position was once again reduced.

So in the first year of Qianlong (1736), Sichuan and Shaanxi merged again and was renamed Governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi.

In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), Shaluobang, the chieftain of Dajinchuan, seized the seal of Wang Ze and captured the chieftain of Ming Dynasty (now kangding city). In order to quell the rebellion, Qianlong once again set aside Sichuan and set up an independent governor.

Since then, there have been frequent wars in southwest China, and the Qing court simply omitted the governor of Sichuan and set up only the governor. The governor of Sichuan became a fixed post until the demise of the Qing Dynasty.

Incidentally, in order to weaken the power of the governor of Sichuan, in the fifth year of Yongzheng, Yong Zhengdi set aside Zunyi from Sichuan and gave it to the governor of Guizhou. And it continues to this day.

At the same time, in order to shock the Kangzang area, Emperor Qianlong later appointed Chengdu General to be stationed in Kangding. Later, Emperor Qianlong felt that life in Kangding was too hard, so he moved General Chengdu back to Chengdu and the prefect office of Sichuan to Kangding. As the prefect of Sichuan governs the Kangzang area, the military affairs in Tibet are also under the responsibility of the Governor of Sichuan and the General of Chengdu.

For example, in the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788), in order to counter the Gurkha invasion, Emperor Qianlong sent Sichuan Governor Li Shijie and Chengdu General Ehui to lead Sichuan soldiers into Tibet. (There are only 500 soldiers and horses under the jurisdiction of the Minister in Tibet)

Then Gurkha invaded for the second time. Emperor Qianlong not only sent Fu Kang 'an to Tibet, but also sent Sichuan soldiers to Tibet, led by Chengdu general Cheng De at that time.

Generally speaking, Sichuan has never had a governor. In the middle and early Qing Dynasty, whether Sichuan set up a viceroy depended on whether there was a major war in the southwest. If there is a war, there will be a governor; If there is no war, there will be a governor. (The Governor is not in charge of the military, and his authority is not enough)

Later, due to frequent wars in southwest China, the Qing court no longer set up the post of governor of Sichuan, but set up a special governor of Sichuan to take charge of the governor's work. Although the governor of Sichuan is only in charge of one province, due to the complexity of Sino-Tibet in Sichuan, there are often big battles, and Sichuan soldiers often have to help the ministers stationed in Tibet to support the field, so the task of the governor of Sichuan is not light.

Generally speaking, as long as there is a war in the southwest, Chengdu generals often go to the front, Sichuan governor is responsible for logistics support, and Sichuan prefect is ready to respond at any time. This kind of workload is far heavier than that of other governors who do not fight and are in charge of two or three provinces.

In addition, in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Sichuan's economy recovered and its population was very large. There are great hidden dangers in the merger of Sichuan with Yunnan-Guizhou or Shaanxi-Gansu. This can be seen from Yong Zhengdi's cutting Zunyi out of Sichuan and weakening Zunyi's volume.