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Why did ancient Greek civilization originate in Crete?
Derived knowledge points:
First, Crete civilization
Crete civilization, also translated as Minoan civilization or Crete civilization, is an ancient civilization in the Aegean region, belonging to the bronze civilization before Mycenae civilization, about 2000 BC-BC 1450 BC. The development of this civilization is mainly concentrated in Crete. The name Minos comes from Minos, the king of Crete in ancient Greek mythology.
Crete culture can be divided into four periods. From about 6000 BC, Crete began to enter the Neolithic Age, and from 2500 BC, Crete began to enter the period of stone and stone combination. Entering the former palace period, and there are buildings of considerable scale; It was destroyed (or because of an earthquake) in the17th century to16th century. In the middle of the first two thousand years, Crete began to develop initially and entered the period of ancient palaces. In Minos, Tus and Firth, there are quite a number of palace-style buildings, all kinds of exquisite handicrafts and linear characters "A" (untranslated); It shows that there was a class society at that time, and most residents were considered to be from West Asia. From 1700 BC, Minos began to enter the new palace period, which was the heyday of Crete civilization. At this time, King Minos not only ruled Crete, but also ruled the whole Aegean region, including Athens and Mycenae, and had a very close relationship with Egypt. From 1450 BC, Greek-speaking peoples invaded Crete, which eventually led to the decline of Crete civilization, and the center of Aegean civilization moved to Mycenae, Greece.
Second, the ancient Greek civilization-Aegean civilization
1. Introduction: Ancient Greek culture has a wide and far-reaching influence on Europe and the world. Therefore, ancient Greece is regarded as the birthplace of western civilization.
2. Rise time: 2000 BC
3. Center: Aegean civilization is centered on Crete and Mycenae in the southern part of the Greek Peninsula.
4. Decline: About BC15th century-BC12nd century, due to the large-scale invasion and destruction of northern tribes, ancient countries such as Crete and Mycenae perished one after another, and the Aegean civilization gradually declined.
Ancient Greek civilization originated from B Aegean civilization.
Can it be said that ancient Greek civilization originated in Crete? You could say that. In 2000 BC, Aegean civilization was born in Crete, and then the center of civilization moved to the Greek peninsula, and Mycenae civilization appeared. Crete civilization and Mycenae civilization are collectively called Aegean civilization, which lasted for 800 years and was the beginning of ancient Aegean civilization.
Greek civilization originated from which civilization? In 2000 BC, the earliest civilization and country appeared in Crete, which was the beginning of ancient Greek civilization.
The history of ancient Greece can be roughly divided into five stages.
20- 12 century BC Aegean civilization or Crete and Mycenae civilization era.
1 1 century BC-Homer's era before the 9th century.
The ancient times from the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC.
The classical era from the 5th century BC to the 4th century BC.
The period of Macedonian rule from the late 4th century BC to the middle 2nd century BC.
Ancient Indian and ancient Greek civilizations originated in ancient Egypt? 1. Greece is not a national form, but the name of a regional culture. 2. Greece is not a primitive civilization, but a product of learning from Egypt and the two river basins. 3. Civilization is too short. 4. Many textual researches are based on myths and legends to connect physical evidence.
in addition
Ancient civilization entered the Bronze Age from the Neolithic Age, and then entered the Iron Age 7000 -4000 years ago. Slavery is adopted in most social systems, and state power came into being later. Nome civilization in ancient Egypt is the earliest known civilization in the world.
The earliest civilization that appeared in Greece was Minoan civilization in Aegean Sea, and its existence lasted from about 3000 BC to about 1450 BC. We know very little about Minos, and even this name is just a modern name, the legendary king Minos from Crete.
Ancient Greek Crete Civilization Ancient Greek civilization: Ancient Greece is located in the northeast of the Mediterranean, including Aegean Sea, Macedonia, Thrace, Italian Peninsula and Asia Minor, in addition to the present Greek Peninsula. This land witnessed the two earliest civilizations in Europe: Minoan civilization and Mycenae civilization. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, a splendid Greek civilization was formed.
In the history of world civilization, ancient Greek civilization is famous for its unique style and outstanding achievements, and there is even a saying that "words must be called Greece". Shelley once said in a poem, "We are all Greeks." Greece is the birthplace and cradle of European civilization. Without Greece, it is impossible to imagine what European civilization would be like. Today, the western world has the tradition of Greek civilization everywhere. However, few people think of themselves as Greeks with philosophical imagination like Shelley, except citizens living in the Greek peninsula. So who is the Greek?
History shows that Mycenae, the conqueror of Crete and the destroyer of Troy, was one of the earliest inhabitants of Greece. Later, he became a slave of the northern barbarians and gradually split into Dorian and Ionian. They all have the same belief and language, so they are called Greeks.
By BC12nd century, the Aegean civilization was seriously damaged by the invasion of barbarians in the north. However, the unyielding Greeks re-established a splendid Greek civilization on the ruins of this once rich civilization and became the true ancestor of European civilization.
In the Greek peninsula, which entered the slave society, more than 200 slave city-states were established. Each city-state takes the city as the center and forms countries of different sizes together with suburban villages. The most powerful of these are Athens and Sparta. Because the country is poor and the people are poor, in order to survive and develop, wars between the city-states continue, and the law of the jungle prevails. In order to save themselves and plunder wealth, the city-state implemented the policy of strengthening the country Qiang Bing, implemented democratic politics within the city-state, and the free people directly participated in the governance of the city-state, attaching great importance to the exercise of national physical fitness. Therefore, it is the sacred duty of every citizen to manage the country and exercise power.
Greece has a pleasant climate, abundant sunshine and moderate temperature, which is suitable for outdoor nude sports and competitions under such natural conditions. Because of the nudity movement, people's ideas have changed, and they are no longer ashamed of nudity, but proud of bodybuilding, which has attracted the attention of aestheticians and the performance of artists. Aestheticism discovered the beauty of the human body, and artists created beautiful human bodies. The great politician Pericles once said, "We are people who love beauty." The Greek nation loves and creates beauty.
In an environment of democracy, freedom and fierce competition, the Greeks not only discovered, bred and created beauty, but also created God. In the eyes of the Greeks, the most perfect person is God. So the Greeks respected people and raised them to the height of God. God and man are the same. The Greeks regarded a strong body as the origin of all goodness and beauty, and regarded Greek mythology as the spiritual source of art, as Marx pointed out: "Greek mythology is not only an arsenal of Greek art.
Greek mythology: Greek mythology originated in ancient Greece and has been passed down orally for a long time. It is a collective creation of the ancient Greeks, which is scattered in Homer's epic, hesiod's genealogy, and later literature, history and other works. Therefore, the image or story of the same mythical figure is often different or even contradictory in the works of different writers. Now the common systematic Greek mythology is written by later generations according to ancient books.
Greek mythology mainly includes two parts: the story of god and the legend of hero. The confluence of the story of God and the legend of heroes can be found in Homer's epic, Herzog's Divine Spectrum, and literature, history and philosophy in the classical period.
The story of God mainly includes the story of creation, the appearance of God, the genealogy of God, the change of China, the origin of human beings, God's daily activities and so on. In the imagination of the ancient Greeks, mountains, rivers, trees, the sun, the moon, the ocean, the land, even rainbows after the rain and daffodils by the river were all gods; The success or failure of birth, illness, illness and death depends entirely on providence. They created a huge family of God. Zeus is the head of the gods, Poseidon is the sea god, Hades is the ghost god, Apollo is the sun god, themis is the god of hunting, Ares is the god of war, hephaestus is the god of fire, Hermes is the god of commerce, nine muses are the goddess of literature and art, and three moira are the goddess of fate. The gods live on the highest mountain of Olympus in Greece and so on.
The gods in Greek mythology are different from those in other developed religions, and they are very close to secular life. Most gods are very much like nobles in the clan. They are willful, hedonistic, vain, jealous and revengeful. They are eager for power and interests, and sometimes they secretly go down the mountain to have sex with beautiful men and women on earth. The gods, represented by Zeus, mostly like to play tricks on human beings, and even intend to destroy human beings three times and five times. The ancient Greeks often laughed at the evil of God in mythology and accused God of injustice. Homer once said, "God gives fear and pain to the poor, but God himself lives happily." However, there are also great gods like Prometheus who benefit mankind. Prometheus stole skyfire to the world, which made mankind make epoch-making progress. Zeus nailed him to the Caucasus Mountain and released an evil eagle to peck at his liver every day.
The legend of heroes is a memory of ancient history, social life and people's struggle with nature. Heroes are regarded as descendants of gods and people, and are actually representatives of collective strength and wisdom. The legend of heroes has formed many systems centering on different families, including the Trojan War, Hercules' achievements at the 12th National Congress, King theseus of Athens, and Jason's hero's capture of golden fleece. Among them, Achilles described in Homer's poetic history is said to have two fates: one is to live a long life in obscurity; Or die honorably on the battlefield. The mother was so eager to love her son that she disguised him as a girl, but the clever Odysseus recognized him. Achilles set foot on the battlefield against Trojans and made great contributions. His mother predicted that he would be buried under Troy, but he still stood up and took part in the war, which showed the courage of the Greeks.
Another example is the widely circulated story of Hercules' achievements at the 12th National Congress. Hercules is a famous Hercules who killed a water snake in the cradle. When he was young, the evil goddess came to lure him to the road of enjoyment, but he listened to the advice of the good goddess and decided to take risks to benefit everyone. Legend has it that when he came of age, he killed nine-headed dragons and Medusa, a snake-haired banshee, and even defeated Hades in the lower bound, saving theseus from captivity and making them live happily together. The story about Hercules is full of heroism, which embodies the ancient people's precious qualities of loving labor and cherishing the collective.
Tips of ancient Greek civilization:
Greece: The word "Greece" means elegance and beauty. The ancient Greeks who created a splendid ancient civilization are worthy of this elegant and beautiful name.
Homer's Epic: Homer, the Blind Poet, is a milestone in the history of European literature. It is based on short epics spread orally in Asia Minor, including Iliad and Odyssey. It is like an encyclopedia, including astronomy, geography, history, society, philosophy, art, mythology and other knowledge. Iliad is a story about the Trojan War, and Odyssey is a story about the Greek hero Odysseus returning home after the Trojan War. The Odyssey is the first work in European literature with personal experience as its main content.
Music: Greece calls music a muse, which refers to the nine goddesses in Greek mythology who are in charge of music. At that time, the word was not the music we refer to now, but all the arts, such as poetry and drama. This is the origin of the word "music" today.
Drama: The world drama art first appeared in ancient Greece about 2,400 years ago. There were three great tragic writers Aeschylus, Sophocles, euripides and a great comic writer in ancient Greece.
Sha Fu: The first famous poetess in the history of western literature. Some people once compared her with Homer, while others called her the tenth goddess of poetry.
History: Herodotus is recognized as the first important historian in ancient Greece in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. He traveled all over the East and collected many legends and stories. Later, his works developed to record the history of the wars between Greece and Persia. His book is fluent and solemn. It is not only an important historical document, but also an important literary work, which can be compared with Historical Records written by Sima Qian in China.
Ancient Greek philosopher:
▼ Socrates, Plato and Aristotle jointly founded today's western philosophy.
▼ anaximander-the man who drew the first global map.
▼ Anaxagoras-the first person to assume that moonlight is the reflection of the sun's light, and the first person to explain solar eclipse and lunar eclipse with the view that the moon shadow covers the earth and the earth shadow covers the moon.
▼ Pythagoras-Ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician. He was the first person to discover Pythagorean theorem.
▼ Heraclitus-His famous saying is: "People can't step into the same river twice, because this river is different from this person."
▼ Taylor-Taylor believes that everything is made up of water, and water is the source of everything.
Greek civilization
Crete civilization started very early. In 3000 BC, it has entered the bronze age.
"About 2250- 1200 BC, Crete was the center of a maritime empire, which extended its influence to the Aegean Islands and the mainland coast politically and culturally ... Its naturalistic art deserves the highest praise, and in terms of comfort, it enjoys a more' modern' civilization in many aspects than anywhere else in the ancient world." (ch。 Volume I, C, A.H.)
"The ruler of Knossos had the largest navy at that time, which forced the Galactica Islands (southeast of the Greek Peninsula) to submit and established the hegemony of Knossos City in the Aegean Sea ... Since BC17th century, (Crete) has had frequent exchanges with the Greek mainland. Crete navigators have appeared in Mycenae, Tyrion, the Isthmus of Corinth, Biotia, Attica and Saglia. ...
In 2000 BC, Crete had the following craftsmen: weapons craftsmen, carpenters, blacksmiths, tanners, pot makers, coppersmith, sculptors, ivory technicians, painters, sculptors, etc. The history of ancient Greece, chapter 3)
Regarding the political system of Crete, according to various evidences, historians assume that it was in the second Knossos era of 1600 BC.
"The social and political system is similar to the ancient Eastern Kingdom in many aspects. ..... Otherwise, it will be difficult to explain where those big buildings, all kinds of handicrafts, luxuries and childish things come from. ..... According to the example of the East, slave laborers may be used together with indigenous laborers to build official halls, build roads, mine stones, do various handicrafts, and even serve as sailors.
"Like the Pharaoh of Egypt, the ruler of Knossos Palace is a priest and a military leader. Minos had a colorful relief in his later period, which clearly proved this point. This relief depicts a man, about three meters high, wearing a crown decorated with a bunch of long colorful feathers, with long hair and curly hair hanging over his shoulders, several rows of gold necklaces hanging around his neck and heavy bracelets on his wrists. " (same as above)
The decoration of King Knossos is similar to that of Egyptian pharaohs, and some scholars speculate that Crete civilization just migrated from Egypt.
"The so-called Minoan civilization began in the Bronze Age at the same time, and it flourished in the eastern and central parts of Crete at this time ... Egypt's influence began in the first dynasty (3500 BC) ... and then in the second stage of the former Minoan (2800-2400 BC), the Egyptian composition became so strong that even in Crete, an Egyptian colony could be established. As far as we know, perhaps it was the unrest in Egypt at the beginning of the first dynasty and the overthrow of the fifth dynasty that drove away a considerable number of people and made them go to Crete to find peace and try their luck. Crete was originally inhabited by related races. Or we can imagine the adventurous Crete sailors sailing south, or being blown away by the storm and discovering the miracle of the Nile valley. In this way, either by accident or adventure, the impact force on the road of civilization that Crete has never enjoyed so far has come. " (gas: earlyaegeancillization, vol. 1, chapter 17, EarlyAegeanCivilization, byj. B.Wace, Chapter 17, Volume I, c.a.h)
The original inhabitants of Crete are from the Asian-African grasslands, and there are ethnographic evidences:
"The analysis of the remains of the earliest inhabitants of Crete proves that all or most of the original inhabitants of this island are' long-headed' people (the earliest inhabitants of Asian-African grasslands), while' wide-headed' people (the earliest inhabitants of Anatolia and Greece) finally dominate, but among the original population of Crete, they are not representative or only a few. This is ethnographic evidence. Affirmed the conclusion that the earliest people who lived on any island in the Aegean Islands were immigrants who migrated because of the' dryness' of the Asian-African grasslands. " (Toynbee, chapter 5, pp. 94-95.
Ethnicity is the same as Egypt, and culture is strongly influenced by Egypt. It seems a reasonable conclusion that the maritime empire Crete is similar to the Eastern Kingdom.
Why is ancient Greek civilization also called civilization? Ancient Greek civilization is also called Aegean civilization.
When and where did the ancient Greek civilization originate? The geographical scope of ancient Greece, in addition to the current Greek peninsula, also includes the entire Aegean region and the Parthenon.
Macedonia and Thrace in the north, Apennine Peninsula and Asia Minor. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, especially after the Greek-Persian War, the economic life was highly prosperous, resulting in splendid Greek culture, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The ancient Greeks had profound attainments in literature, drama, sculpture, architecture, philosophy and many other aspects. After the destruction of ancient Greece, this cultural heritage was destructively continued by the ancient Romans, thus becoming the spiritual source of the whole western civilization.
Modern archaeological excavations in Greece in the second millennium BC and early 1 millennium BC reveal that human beings have lived in the Greek mainland since the Paleolithic Age. At the end of 3000 BC, bronze culture appeared in Crete, and at the beginning of 2000 BC, there were countries and characters. Around 2000 BC, some Greek-speaking tribes began to settle in the Greek peninsula. In the middle and late 2000 BC, the Greeks established Mycenae, Tirins, Pailos and other small countries, which had written languages and created splendid Mycenae civilization. From the middle of the second millennium BC, the Greeks gradually expanded to the Aegean islands (including Crete). Legend has it that the Trojan War in Asia Minor may have occurred in the second half of the 3rd century BC/KLOC-0 or at the beginning of the 2nd century BC/KLOC-0 when the Greeks expanded outward. Mycenaean civilization gradually declined within one or two hundred years after12nd century BC. Some Greek-speaking tribes living at the end of primitive society entered the Greek peninsula from the north, which led to the migration of many Greek tribes and tribes in Thessalonica and its south in different directions. Countries, writing and magnificent palaces disappeared, followed by the "Homeric Age" in which social organizations and lifestyles at the end of primitive society ruled the Greek peninsula, Aegean islands and the areas inhabited by Greeks in Asia Minor. From the middle of the 6th century BC, Sparta in the south of the Peloponnesian Peninsula gradually united with most peninsula city states, forming the Peloponnesian League and becoming the leader of a Greek city-state group. The Greek city-state uprising in Asia Minor (500-494 BC), headed by Miletus, overthrew Persian rule and opened the prelude to Greek history in the 5th century BC. Persian troops invaded Greece in 492 BC, 490 BC and 480 BC respectively, all of which ended in failure. In the marathon, Salamis, Platia and other battles, the people of dozens of Greek city-states who resisted aggression showed a high degree of patriotism, and the victory of the Greeks had a far-reaching impact both inside and outside the Greek world (see the Greek-Persian War). In 480 BC, the Greeks in Sicily also won a great victory over Carthage. With the rise of the kingdom of Macedonia and the Hellenistic era, the residents of Macedonia, Greece's northern neighbor, are very close to the Greeks in race and language, and are deeply influenced by the advanced Greek culture. The rapid rise of ancient Macedonia under Philip II (reigned from 359 BC to 336 BC) not only greatly promoted the development of Macedonian history, but also integrated Macedonian history with Greek history for a long time. Macedonia's external expansion during the reign of Philip II seriously damaged the interests of many Greek city-states and threatened their survival. The anti-Macedonian faction in Athens, represented by Demosthenes (384-322 BC), resolutely opposed Macedonian aggression in Athens and abroad from the 1950s, but ended in failure.
Why did European civilization originate in ancient Greece? Because the earliest civilization in Europe was Crete civilization in Crete. At that time, they had cities, writing and pottery, while the rest of Europe was still a small barbaric tribe. After that, barbarians in northern Greece invaded, and their culture merged into a real Greek civilization. Then Greece was occupied by Rome, but it was integrated into Roman civilization. Until the demise of the Roman Empire, Greek civilization has been affecting the development of European culture and is the basis of European cultural development.
Why is ancient Greek civilization the origin of European civilization? The geographical scope of ancient Greece includes not only the present Greek peninsula, but also the whole Aegean region, Macedonia and Thrace in the north, Apennine Peninsula and Asia Minor. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, especially after the Greek-Persian War, the economic life was highly prosperous, resulting in splendid Greek culture, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The ancient Greeks had profound attainments in literature, drama, sculpture, architecture, philosophy and many other aspects. After the destruction of ancient Greece, this cultural heritage was destructively continued by the ancient Romans, thus becoming the spiritual source of the whole western civilization.
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