What is open poverty alleviation?

Last year, in accordance with the unified arrangements of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, we organized and carried out a large-scale investigation on supporting poor rural areas in the whole city, and drafted the Implementation Opinions on Solving Outstanding Problems in Poor Rural Areas in Remote Mountainous Areas (Draft for Comment). On the basis of soliciting opinions and suggestions from counties (cities, districts), municipal units, municipal democratic parties and some retired municipal leaders, it was repeatedly discussed and revised. On February 9, 65438+ was submitted to the Standing Committee of the Municipal Party Committee for discussion and approval, and on February 30, 65438+ was submitted to the Fourth National Committee of the Fifth Session for deliberation and approval. At present, the city's work to solve the outstanding problems in poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas has entered the implementation stage.

I. Basic situation and poverty situation

(1) Basic information

On the basis of investigation and study, Zhang Maocai, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, put forward the requirement of carrying out large-scale research activities in the whole city to support poor rural areas. It starts from August 1 and lasts for 20 days. Organized by the Office of the Leading Group for New Rural Construction of the Municipal Party Committee, seven former municipal leaders led the team, more than 20 municipal functional departments participated, and 42 department-level cadres formed seven research groups, which went deep into six counties (cities, districts) and some municipal units to conduct research. Six counties (cities, districts) also sent 2 10 people to cooperate with the investigation. The survey takes the form of home visits, field visits, consultation with villagers' representatives, and discussion with county, township and village cadres, covering 98 items in seven aspects, including basic situation, leading industries and increasing farmers' income, rural infrastructure, rural social undertakings, rural grassroots organization construction, priority of solving outstanding problems, and annual plan for solving problems, which basically covers all aspects of economic and social development in poor rural areas. It is believed that the municipal party committee and the municipal government put the outstanding problems of poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas on the important agenda, as a breakthrough to implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and seized the weakness of Jincheng's concern for people's livelihood and building a harmonious society, and the weak link of the city's new rural construction.

(2) Poverty situation

By the end of 2007, there were 405 administrative villages with per capita net income of farmers less than 3,000 yuan in our city. Among them, there are 24 in Zezhou, 38 in Gaoping, 6 in Yangcheng, 244 in Lingchuan and 93 in Qinshui. According to the opinions of counties (cities, districts), this time, we actually investigated 5 10 villages, including 20 in urban areas, 24 in Zezhou, 43 in Gaoping, 74 in Yangcheng, 245 in Lingchuan and 0/04 in Qinshui/kloc.

These 5 10 villages are located in 46 townships (towns and offices) in the city, accounting for 22.26% of the total administrative villages in the city, 14.3 1% of the total population (239.27 million people) and1%of the total cultivated land area (49.65%). In 2007, the per capita net income of farmers in 5 10 poverty-stricken villages was 2453 yuan, accounting for only 55.3 1% year-on-year, and the absolute value was low 1982 yuan. There are 352 villages above 2000 yuan, and 158 villages below 2000 yuan. At the end of 2007, the average income of village-level collective economy was 30,800 yuan, with 23 villages exceeding 6,543,800 yuan, 6,543,800 yuan in 6,543,800+04 villages exceeding 55,438+056 villages exceeding 50,000 yuan, and 307 villages having no income.

The outstanding problems of these 5 10 villages are:

1. It is difficult for farmers to increase their income.

Among 565,438+00 villages, 399 villages have traditional agriculture, 65,438+007 villages have traditional aquaculture, 65,438+0 villages have secondary industry and 3 villages have tertiary industry. Farmers' income mainly comes from planting, breeding and going out to work. Although planting is the leading industry in poor rural areas of our city, it is a traditional farming method with low income; Because of water shortage and other reasons, the fruit industry has low output and is hard to develop because of the impact of low-priced fruit products from other places. Natural grassland and woodland resources in poor rural areas are relatively rich, and there are also breeding traditions. There are certain conditions for developing cattle, sheep and pigs. However, due to the low benefit of traditional household sideline decentralized aquaculture, small-scale aquaculture can not be supported by national industrial policies, and bottlenecks such as transportation, information and general water shortage, the development of aquaculture is difficult. Although the vast majority of farmers have a positive attitude towards migrant workers, 99% of migrant workers have low cultural quality and lack skills. They have not received skills training before going out, and can only engage in heavy manual labor such as handling and civil decoration. And their wages are very low and unstable.

2. The problem of drinking water for people and livestock has not been completely solved.

In recent years, with the strong support of the state and the provincial government, our city has invested heavily in the construction of drinking water relief projects. However, due to deep ravines, exhausted water sources, scattered residence and other reasons, the problem of "drinking water difficulty" in poor rural areas has never been completely solved. In terms of drinking water for people and livestock, among the 5 10 administrative villages surveyed, 306 administrative villages use tap water, of which 164 administrative villages use safe and sanitary water, accounting for 32.2% of the total number of villages surveyed. Up to now, there are 204 villages without tap water, accounting for 40% of the total number of villages surveyed. Among them, there are 75 administrative villages that carry water outside 1 km and 29 administrative villages that drink rainwater 129. In the administrative villages where tap water has been used, some natural villages have returned to the situation where tap water is not available because of the disrepair of water supply facilities and water shortage.

3. It is still serious for farmers to see a doctor.

In recent years, the party and the government have invested heavily in solving the problem of farmers' difficulty in seeing a doctor and made great achievements. However, due to the particularity of poor rural areas, the problem of "difficulty in seeing a doctor" has not been fundamentally solved. In 5 18 villages, there are 3 17 administrative villages with health centers, of which 106 administrative villages meet the standards of health centers, and 193 administrative villages without health centers need to go to other villages for medical treatment, accounting for 37.8% of the total number of villages surveyed. 5 10 administrative villages, more than 60% of the villages have no qualified medical staff, and villagers need to go to neighboring villages or towns for daily medical treatment, so it is impossible to "stay in the village for minor illness". Due to the limitation of rural medical conditions and income level, in order to enjoy the preferential policies of the new rural cooperative medical system and save expenses, there is little room for farmers to really choose medical conditions when they are sick. Coupled with the high medical expenses, the phenomenon of poverty and returning to poverty due to illness in rural areas still exists to varying degrees.

4. Accompanying students adds a new burden to farmers.

Among the villages surveyed, there are 104 administrative villages with primary and secondary schools, and 78 administrative villages with central primary schools. There are still 328 administrative villages that should be set up according to the policy but have no lower primary schools, accounting for 64.3% of the total number of villages surveyed. In order to improve the quality of education, we have effectively integrated rural schools and teachers, which has really played a positive role. However, there is a lack of teachers and facilities for early childhood education, the distribution of primary schools and junior high schools is too concentrated, and many central schools have imperfect facilities and even inadequate accommodation conditions. Parents have to leave home and rent a house near the school to accompany them. Accompanied by children, it not only fetters the hands and feet of farmers to go out to start businesses and increase their income, but also causes many family conflicts and social problems.

The village has a heavy debt burden.

Due to various constraints, the original "five small enterprises" have closed down one after another, and the existing village-run enterprises are almost blank. In addition, village-level collectives have lost their sources of income. In 2007, the average collective income of 5 10 villages was only 30,800 yuan, and part of it was compensation for land occupation. Among 5 10 villages, 307 administrative villages had no economic income in that year, accounting for 60.2% of the total number of villages surveyed. By the end of 2007, the total debt of 5 10 villages was 304.572 million yuan, with an average of 597.2 million yuan. 94.5% of villages have village-level debts, with a maximum of 4.35 million yuan.

6. Rural roads are not completely unblocked.

As far as village access is concerned, there are 403 cement roads and 56 oil roads in the villages surveyed. Among the 459 administrative villages that have achieved village coverage, 44 village roads have been damaged to varying degrees. There are 10 administrative villages that still take the gravel road, and 4 1 administrative villages that take the dirt road. The number of administrative villages without cement (oil) roads accounts for 10% of the total number of villages surveyed.

7. Rural grassroots organizations need to be strengthened.

In 5 10 villages, as far as the fighting capacity of branch village committees is concerned, there are 2 19 strong villages, 252 strong villages and 39 weak villages. In terms of age structure, there are 294 reasonable villages, 294 reasonable villages 166 and 50 unreasonable villages.

Through a large number of complicated facts, we can easily see that after 30 years of unremitting efforts of reform and opening up, the poor farmers who once lingered on the food and clothing line have completely solved their survival problems and are trying to solve their development problems. However, due to various complicated reasons, poor rural areas "can't climb the slope of development, but can't cross the hurdle of development". On the whole, "industrialization" and "urbanization" have not yet started, and they have been hovering on the "development bottom line".

Second, the causes and development trend of poverty

(A) the causes of poverty

The reason for this result is the "net outflow" of long-term production factors. Among the three elements of rural economy, the land can't be moved, the responsible farmland and homestead are not allowed to be bought and sold, the state doesn't levy it, and the city people can't buy it, so they can't make money. Finance is managed by the state, and rural funds are lent to cities through banks to support urban construction. The rest of the labor force can only follow the land and capital and go to the city to earn money. Under the condition of market economy, factors will definitely flow out from the weak areas, because the strong areas have high returns. Agriculture is a weak industry, farmers are a weak group, and rural poverty is more serious.

(2) Development trend

The future development of poor rural areas is not optimistic. Generally speaking, it is unrealistic to hope that poor rural areas will develop by leaps and bounds. First, for a long time, cities have been more important than rural areas, the imbalance between urban and rural development has continued to advance, and the gap between urban and rural areas and the gap within rural areas has a tendency to further expand. Second, after the adjustment of rural policies, the threshold for development is getting higher and higher, which is increasingly unfavorable to the development of poor rural areas. Some farmers said that in the past, everyone said that "relying on mountains to eat mountains", but now the policy is too strict. Third, the natural environment in remote mountainous areas is relatively harsh, with poor cultivated land, inconvenient transportation, poor information and poor resources in most places. Even if there are resources, it is difficult to develop them effectively because of traffic congestion and poor information. Fourth, natural disasters are frequent, especially droughts. Due to the strong dependence of agricultural production on natural climatic conditions, coupled with the weak rural infrastructure and weak ability to resist natural disasters, it is difficult for farmers to get rid of poverty by relying on the help of heaven to increase their income, and the rate of returning to poverty in case of disasters is high. Fifth, backward ideas and lack of culture and skills have become the main obstacles for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.

Third, poverty alleviation ideas and specific countermeasures

(A) poverty alleviation ideas

The poverty alleviation work in our city has been carried out for many years and has made great achievements. The number of poor people in rural areas has been greatly reduced, and the degree of poverty has been greatly reduced. At present, there are 5 10 poor villages, which are the most backward in the rural areas of the city and a hard nut to crack. If we still follow the past poverty alleviation methods, it will be difficult to "close" the poverty alleviation work in poor villages and completely solve the problems of these poor villages. Therefore, it is necessary to change the poverty alleviation mode of "special plan promotion" in the past into "urban and rural coordinated promotion", promote the comprehensive poverty alleviation and development of "breaking poverty barriers, changing poverty-stricken industries, moving poverty nests and digging up poverty roots", and let poor rural areas "integrate" into the local urbanization and industrialization process. The so-called "breaking the poverty barrier" means that the government invests in infrastructure construction such as transportation in poor rural areas. Especially rural roads, water conservancy, electricity, ecology and other infrastructure construction, fundamentally break the natural obstacles affecting development and opening up; "Changing poor industries" means actively adjusting the industrial structure of poor rural areas, changing traditional backward industries and vigorously developing comparative advantages industries such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and eco-tourism. "Moving to the poor nest" means promoting the relocation of immigrants according to local conditions, especially allowing farmers in remote mountainous areas to move to central villages and towns and establish poor communities in cities and towns; "Digging roots" means attaching great importance to education and training in poor rural areas, especially for children of poor rural farmers to study hard. On the basis of realizing free compulsory education, we will gradually implement measures such as free secondary vocational education, free agricultural university and free labor training for children from low-income families, so as to help farmers get rid of poverty through education and training.

(2) Specific countermeasures

Supporting the development of poor rural areas in our city is divided into two stages. In the first stage, starting from 2009, we will concentrate on 3-5 years to basically solve the outstanding problems in production and life in 5 10 poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas, and significantly improve infrastructure, social undertakings and development capabilities. The second stage will take more than five years. By 2020, the integration pattern of urban and rural economic and social development will basically take shape, poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas will develop rapidly, and absolute poverty will be basically eliminated.

At present, the key point is to solve the outstanding problems in poor rural areas. In addition to the GSP policies of governments at all levels, poor rural areas can also enjoy preferential policies to "build an extra brick" for the development of poor rural areas. The specific measures are to establish five mechanisms: financial support, enterprise pairing assistance, organ pairing assistance and social assistance incentive supervision, establish a contact point system for leading cadres and implement preferential policies in rural poverty-stricken areas. For example, the funds for supporting agriculture arranged by cities, counties (cities, districts) in the fiscal year are inclined to poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas in a planned way, and the proportion of relevant government functional departments based on poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas is increased by more than 20% over the previous year; The threshold for poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas to enjoy financial support policies is lower than the general standard by more than 20%; All kinds of support funds in poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas are more than 20% higher than the general standard; City, county (city, district) two levels of finance every year from the previous year's normal balance of financial resources to arrange 60% of the funds invested in rural areas, of which not less than 20% of the funds are used to set up special funds to support and solve outstanding problems in poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas; City, county (city, district) two levels to establish a "coal for agriculture" special funds. For coal mines below the city, according to the output of after-tax profits, according to the standard of 2-5 yuan per ton, the special funds for "subsidizing agriculture with coal" will be collected and paid into the financial special account, which will be used by the financial departments at all levels as a whole, focusing on the counties where poverty and rural areas in remote mountainous areas are concentrated and the areas where outstanding problems are concentrated.