How good was the treatment of the Ming dynasty guards? Food, clothing and marriage

Friends who are very interested in the Ming Dynasty, I brought detailed articles for your reference.

Anyone who has seen the Ming Dynasty 1566 or Qi Jiguang will find that the families of the Ming army followed the sergeant in the war. Although they did not act together, they were also in the same area. For example, when the enemy surrounded Xinhe, there were not only Qi Jiguang's wife, but also many military families in Xinhe. Most of Qi Jiguang's soldiers were from Yiwu. Why did the families of Yiwu soldiers appear in Xinhe instead of staying in their hometown of Yiwu? This involves the concubinage system in the Ming Dynasty. The so-called concubines, that is, the wives of military households and prisoners sent to Wei by the army in the Ming Dynasty, and later developed into those who went to Wei without wives. You need to * * * buy him a wife in the garrison and force him to get married, so it's also called buying a military wife. The concubines system was abolished in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. It seems that the military households in the Ming Dynasty were very happy, and the state helped you get married, find a partner and solve lifelong events. However, in actual development, the concubine system not only did not really solve the problem of military households fleeing, but intensified social contradictions.

First, the military system of the Ming Dynasty

In the 13th year of Yu Hongwu (1380), Ming Taizu divided the military department in charge of Chinese and foreign military affairs into five viceroy offices, namely, the viceroy offices of the five armies. Nominally, all the military forces in the country are under its jurisdiction, but the Ministry of War is responsible for military and political affairs, as well as the rise and fall of military commanders. In fact, a situation has been formed in which the Ministry of War and the Governor's Office of the Five Armies contain each other.

Locally, in the seventeenth year of Hongwu (1384), the health system was formally established. There are 5,600 local health guards; One guard has jurisdiction over 5,000 households, one has 1 120 people, and there are 100 households below 1,000 households, with military flags and small flags. The local guards are under the jurisdiction of the provinces, and the provinces are under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office and the Ministry of Military Affairs of the Five Armies, with a hierarchical division of labor and power in the Holy Land.

The original intention of Zhu Yuanzhang's garrison system is that soldiers enter the people and military households join the army, which is quite similar to the government garrison system in the Tang Dynasty. However, unlike the Tang Dynasty, military households can cultivate fields during their service, which is similar to the garrison system of the Han people. In the Ming Dynasty, the garrison required seven guards to keep three, or eight guards to keep two, that is, 70 or 80 percent of the soldiers in the garrison were working in agriculture, and 30 or 20 percent were training and defending. What Zhu Yuanzhang said

"I raise a million soldiers without spending a grain of rice on the people."

("Continued Literature General Examination Paper 112"). Of course, the more innovative is the concubine system. How did concubines in the Ming Dynasty develop? Please see below.

Second, the wife's initial thoughts.

At first, the purpose of concubines was to prevent military households from fleeing.

"Chen Fu Yu Zijun set up a dock yard for each dock, so that the dock army can be accompanied by a small family, both guarding the border and protecting the family, and Du Can can escape the disadvantages of being isolated."

("A Record of Ming Shenzong", Volume 16), and the governor's frontier defense preparation counselor, military affairs right Shu, is the suggestion of Bing:

"Many castle officers are alone, and it is easy to escape without a wife."

(A Record of Ming Yingzong, Volume 237) can also be disproved. The so-called military households go to the garrison, whether it is bitter or difficult, they are homesick. In order to prevent military families from fleeing, the court has forced military families to bring their wives to Wei and allow them to have children. * * * Distribute fields, houses and food every month. This is the advantage of joining the army.

However, the wife can not fundamentally put an end to the escape of military households.

"A man's body needs to be a soldier as well as a soldier, which is a stone of rice. He has to support his family and serve the general."

(Record of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, Volume 145) Plus extorting military households from officials.

"If there is a levy, it will be demanded tenfold, or it will be taken as a follower, or it will be bought and sold months ago, or it will invade its monthly food, or it will be reduced ... so that officials will be short of food and clothing and leave in a hurry regardless of their wives' escape."

(Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (volume 109)) Because of serious exploitation, there have been cases of abandoning his wife and children.

Third, change wives.

The wife of the Ming dynasty changed.

First of all, what if you are single? The first change has taken place, that is, from having no wife to marrying a military wife.

Orthodox dynasty?

"Who solves the problem ... who has no wife and children and knows himself."

(Shi Mingbing System) It can be seen that, at least before the Ming Yingzong Orthodox Year, if a bachelor went to the garrison, he was actually forced to work because he was exploited by the garrison generals. Not only do you make ends meet, but you work hard and train; The state does not care about their marriage, so the military households have no worries and want to escape. Slowly, the country realized this, so the country helped him marry a soldier's wife. Records of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (volume 163)

"When things are settled, I will still give the official money and my wife a room."

This article is clearly recorded in Wu Jia in June 13th year of Hongzhi, so it can be proved that at least before the 13th year of Hongzhi, officials had money to buy wives to match military households, and Emperor Xiaozong followed the old practice.

The second change is from hiring military wives to real wives. What is money for a military wife? Money employment means employment.

"On the day of arriving at the Ministry, Qian hired a military wife to confuse the real with the fake, and both of them fled."

(Records of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty 13 1) The sergeant tried his best to evade military service, and the legal marriage system in ancient times was not perfect, so fake marriages appeared in the garrison. Who is hired, usually a woman in a brothel,

"There are often prostitutes who abuse military wives."

Chronicle of Chandi. * * * also found out about hiring a wife to get married, so Hongzhi Nian has made it clear.

"The lawsuit should try to solve his real wife and children."

("Hu Duanmin's Memorial") demanded the release of the military households' wives, so as to bind the military households and prevent them from fleeing.

Fourth, the influence of concubinage.

1. has caused a great economic burden to the country. The state buys military wives for military households, and the military wives stationed with the troops will cost the state treasury a lot of money, because the food and clothing expenses of the petty officers and couples from their hometown to the health center are paid by the state treasury.

"The military wife hired someone and found someone else. Wei Yuan spent six or seven hundred taels of silver, almost no less than three or five hundred taels."

. ("East Garden Anthology"), one person is like this, protecting the country and defending tens of thousands of people. Therefore, just buying a wife and going to a health care center is a huge expense for the state treasury.

2. Involve innocent people. In the Ming Dynasty, the local magistrate was appointed as Chang Jie (the manager who escorted the garrison soldiers), and Chang Jie was responsible for these garrison soldiers.

"Get married first, get ready to get married, make things like strict father, and guard against it."

(edited by Wan Liye) has caused a serious burden to Chang Jie. They should not only help these petty officers get married, but also prevent them from fleeing halfway. Once the military households escape, they will be punished. Isn't that how Liu Bang got his meaning? Although the laws of the Ming dynasty were not as strict as those of the Qin dynasty, there were still some punishment measures.

For military wives, because they are women assigned by the state to military households, these women naturally come from poor families or are the daughters of criminals involved in family crimes. Being assigned to a military household as a wife, the two sides have no feelings. Once the families fled, the victims were military wives:

"All the troops fled, that is, abandoned their wives and children, and died of hunger and cold as beggars."

("the discussion of soldiers").

His wife was born out of a good wish, hoping to bind the military households with affection and emotion, hoping that the military households would not flee to maintain the basic military system in the Ming Dynasty. The wife can't fundamentally put an end to the escape of military households, which means that the system is unstable. As the most important force of a country, once the army is unstable, it will inevitably affect the survival of the country. Under Wei's system, farming and warfare were integrated. Once neglected in training, soldiers' combat effectiveness drops and military households flee, resulting in a shortage of soldiers. The result is not enough to suppress internal bandits and safeguard external national rights. In the end, the Ming Dynasty collapsed under the attack of internal and external troubles.