Where do so many surnames come from now?

Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Qian, Sun … We all have our own surnames. How did these surnames come into being?

In ancient three generations, surnames and surnames were not the same thing. Surnames are derived from surnames. Since the Han Dynasty, surnames have been mixed. In modern China, most of our surnames were handed down from generation to generation thousands of years ago. Calendars can be roughly divided into 12 categories: taking surnames as surnames. Surnames were produced as symbols of clans and tribes during the clan commune period, and some descendants directly inherited them as surnames. In matriarchal clan society, the mother is the surname, so many surnames were beside the female word at that time. Such as Ji, Jiang, Si, Yao and so on.

Take the country name as the surname. As we are familiar with the vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: Qi, Lu, Jin, Song, Zheng, Wu, Yue, Qin, Chu, Wei, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Chen, Cai, Cao, Hu and Xu, these have become common surnames today.

Named after a city. A city is a fief, which is allocated by the emperor and the prince to ministers of the same surname or the opposite sex. Some of their descendants or people living in these fiefs will continue to use their names. For example, the scooter was divided into a fief in the Soviet Union (now west of Linzhang County, Hebei Province), and its descendants were surnamed Su. According to statistics, there are nearly 200 surnames with Yi as their surname. Due to the long history, some compound surnames are still unknown.

Take the name of the township or pavilion as the surname. This kind of situation is rare. Today's common surnames are Pei, Lu, Yan, Hao and Ouyang.

Take the place of residence as the surname. Among these surnames, there are many compound surnames, generally with the words Qiu, Men, Xiang, Lu, Li, Ye, Guan, etc., indicating the place of residence in different environments.

Take the words or names of ancestors as surnames. There are many surnames in this article. According to statistics, there are five or six hundred surnames, including nearly 200 compound surnames. For example, Zhou Pingwang's illegitimate child, Lin Kai, was handed down from the Woods. In the Song Dynasty, the son of Dai Gong filled the stone, and the grandson took his grandfather's name as his surname. In the Han Dynasty, he changed his father to Huangfu.

Take the second name as the surname. A family takes the surname in the order of brothers. For example, the eldest brother is called Bo or Meng, the second brother is called Zhong, the third brother is called Uncle, and the fourth brother is called Ji. Descendants follow their surnames, indicating the order in the clan. However, there are exceptions: Father Zhuang and Brother Zhuang's Duke Lu Zhuang were originally the harmony of Zhong. Because he committed the crime of regicide, his descendants changed their names to Meng or.

The official position is the surname. Such as Stuart, Sima, Sikong, Shi Si and Scott. Some surnames that take official positions as surnames can also be distinguished from their meanings, such as Ji, Jane, Cang, Jun and Chu.

Take technology as the surname. Such as witches, fortune tellers, potters, craftsmen, butchers, etc.

The surnames brought by the integration of ancient ethnic minorities into the Han nationality.

Take posthumous title as the surname. I changed my surname because I gave it and avoided it.