Present situation of Zhalong Nature Reserve

Zhalong Nature Reserve faces a problem. There are more than 5400 indigenous people in the core area of the reserve, and the rise of "eco-tourism" has destroyed Zhalong's ecology.

"Eco-tourism" is a "prosperous" ecological environment, but it has been destroyed.

The core area of Zhalong Nature Reserve is about 700 square kilometers, which is a well-preserved and relatively complete large reed swamp in Zhalong Wetland. Due to the suitable climate, lush aquatic plants and abundant food, more than 20% of the red-crowned cranes in the world nest and breed here all the year round. In addition, there are more than 290 kinds of waterfowl and more than 20 kinds of wild animals such as wolves, foxes, badgers and rabbits. According to experts, Zhalong is one of the wetlands listed in the List of International Important Wetlands earlier in China, which plays an irreplaceable role in protecting wildlife and maintaining the ecological security of the main grain producing areas in Songnen Plain. Scene: The asphalt road was built into an island in the swamp, the natural overflow of water was cut off, and the other side of the road soon dried up and became land; The aborigines catch fish the size of grasshoppers in summer and harvest thin and short reeds in winter. Wires and windmills form a "tight encirclement", threatening the flight of young birds over wetlands; A tourist resort has been developed next to the main nesting area of waterfowl, and pavilions, docks and big bird cages have been built on the narrow river ... where there is much water, pond culture has been circled; Where there is little water, reeds are cut down by Qi Gen and then burned.

In Houdifangzi Village, located in the south of the core area, we saw the "prosperity" scene of "eco-tourism". However, the staff of the nature reserve said that developing tourism in the core area of the nature reserve is the biggest intrusion on wildlife. Houdifangzi Village is a nesting area for waterfowl such as red-crowned cranes, with abundant water resources, good vegetation growth and many ducks and geese. After the development of "eco-tourism", a large number of waterfowl can't stand human intrusion and abandon their eggs and nests and fly away every year. The survival and reproduction of wild animals in this area need four basic conditions-water, food, shelter and minimum human disturbance, which cannot be met at present in Zhalong Wetland. Wetland was reclaimed as cultivated land by indigenous people, and then abandoned for reclamation due to low salinization yield.

This phenomenon is caused by about 5400 indigenous residents living in the core area of wetland 13 natural village. Most of them entered the swamp to avoid famine in the fifties and sixties. For decades, they have completely relied on the continuous reproduction of natural resources and "island life", which has greatly changed the ecological environment of primitive wetlands: overfishing has drastically reduced fish resources, perennial cutting of reeds has reduced the area of aquatic plants, and wetlands have been reclaimed as cultivated land, and then abandoned because of their low salinization output ... Up to now, the area of desertification land represented by alkali spots and abandoned cultivated land in the core area has reached more than 30,000 mu.

Now that the wetland is dry and there are fewer fish, the reeds cut by Qigen this winter may be burned by wildfire next spring, so it is impossible to "live on the sky" as it was then. Because there is basically no other income, the family's life now depends entirely on the "five-family joint guarantee loan", and it is very difficult for children to go to school, see a doctor and communicate with the outside world.

In recent years, the environment has been deteriorating, and reeds are not growing well. This income is only a few hundred yuan. Due to the pressure of life and school problems, many young people have moved out of the island to work with their children, and most of the houses are empty. The best way is to move local residents out of Zhalong core area.

Li Changyou, director of the Zhalong National Nature Reserve Administration, said that indigenous people need to survive and Zhalong Wetland must be protected, but the contradiction between local people and nature has become very acute. The best way is to move these 5400 people out of the core area, which can not only improve the lives of villagers, but also preserve this pristine wetland with great ecological value.

Heilongjiang Province has decided that from 2009, the provinces and cities will jointly contribute to implement a long-term water replenishment mechanism for Zhalong. This is the best opportunity for the country to implement ecological migration as soon as possible. "Water comes in and people go out" is an inevitable choice to protect Zhalong wetland.

A large number of experts and scholars know that Zhalong's ecology is at the critical point of turning to deterioration, and if effective measures are not taken as soon as possible, there will be irreversible deterioration.

Experts found that the ecological environment of Zhalong wetland and its surrounding areas has undergone subtle changes, and the ecological functions of large and small Xing 'an Mountains have been greatly weakened. Once Zhalong wetland is lost due to improper protection, the consequences are unimaginable.

It is reported that Zhalong wetland ecological migration has been included in the National Wetland Protection Project Implementation Plan (2005-20 10). According to the plan, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, ecological migration will be carried out in four wetland core areas, including Zhalong Wetland. Prior to this, other immigration projects have been approved for implementation.